粉状食品微波杀菌工艺研究

以鹰嘴豆营养粉为原料,研究微波对粉状食品的杀菌效果。以细菌总数为指标,对营养粉微波杀菌工艺及效果进行研究。结果表明,营养粉杀菌的最佳工艺参数为:微波功率425W、杀菌时间120s、物料覆盖厚度15mm。     

凤爪的微波与巴氏组合杀菌工艺研究

为了克服凤爪高温杀菌和辐照杀菌的缺点,对凤爪进行微波与巴氏组合杀菌试验研究。通过响应面试验,分析了微波温度、巴氏温度和杀菌次数对凤爪组合杀菌后的质构特性、感官品质、菌落数及凤爪的模糊综合评价值的影响,进行微波与巴氏组合杀菌的工艺参数优化。组合杀菌工艺优化参数为:巴氏温度88℃、微波温度为120℃,杀菌次数为2,其凤爪的模糊综合评价的理论值为0.85。并对最优组25℃微生物生长状况进行了曲线拟合,得到了凤爪微生物生长的动力学方程。     

微波技术在食品干燥杀菌工艺中的应用

本文主要介绍微波干燥、杀菌原理及其特点，并论述微波技术在食品工业中应用前景和发展潜力。     

高新技术在食品杀菌工艺中的应用

传统的食品杀菌工艺,是采用蒸、煮、加热的方法,利用传导和对流换热,热源从食品的外表向内部传递进行加热,在一定的温度作用下,使食品中的微生物达到热力致死.这.种杀菌方式,加热时间长,能源利用率低,最主要的是产品的色、香、味及营养成分损失较大.随着人们生活和消费水平的提高,对各种食品的总体质量要求越来越高,要求食品不破坏或少破坏营养成分,保持原有的风味.这就对食品的     

卤猪肝微波杀菌工艺的研究

对卤猪肝的微波杀菌工艺进行了研究。测定卤猪肝的热吸收率,并进行储藏期试验,所得出的最佳工艺条件为：开启两个磁控管、两个炉腔、传送带转速为50r/min、杀菌次数为两次。     

辣椒粉微波杀菌工艺的研究

辣椒粉可采用高温杀菌、辐照杀菌和微波杀菌等多种杀菌方式进行灭菌.本实验采用微波杀菌,在杀菌时间、微波炉功率、物料覆盖厚度不同条件下,分别以其中的一个条件为变量其他条件保持不变做单因素实验,以确定一个条件时辣椒粉杀菌的影响,找出最佳工艺条件.然后在单因素实验的基础上对辣椒粉进行正交实验,得到最佳实验工艺条件为:杀菌时间120 s、微波炉功率510 W、物料覆盖厚度15 mm.与常规加热处理相比,辣椒粉采用微波杀菌不仅能达到较好的杀菌效果,而且品质保持良好.     

牛乳微波杀菌工艺试验研究

以微波火力和物料厚度为试验参数，以微生物致死时间、物料温度、生产效率为指标，进行了牛乳微波杀菌工艺试验。得到了参数对指标的影响规律和最佳的工艺参数组合为：微波功率600W，物料厚度47．5mm，作用时间2．5min。     

微波和巴氏杀菌对NFC苹果汁品质的影响

研究鲜榨(not-from-concentrate,NFC)苹果汁杀菌新技术,探讨微波杀菌和巴氏杀菌对NFC苹果汁在杀菌效果、理化性质、功能性成分、酶活性等方面的影响。结果表明:两种杀菌方式处理后NFC苹果汁微生物均符合国家卫生标准,微波杀菌更为彻底;与处理组相比,两种杀菌方式对pH值、可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖无显著影响;通过对比处理前后果汁L*、a*、b*值的差异,微波杀菌的△E值显著低于巴氏杀菌,说明微波杀菌能更好的保持果汁原有的颜色;微波杀菌后的果汁中多酚含量和抗氧化能力优于巴氏杀菌,同时也保留了更多的VC,通过相关性分析发现抗氧化能力与多酚含量呈显著正相关;通过比较处理前后果汁中多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和果胶甲酯酶(pectin methylesterase,PME)酶活性的差异,发现微波杀菌能更好的起到灭酶的效果。因此,微波杀菌不仅能起到很好的杀菌灭酶效果,还能更好的保持果汁的色泽和营养成分。     

微波在软包装竹笋杀菌保鲜上的应用研究

通过比较微波杀菌和常规杀菌对软包装竹笋的品质及营养成分损失的影响,确定软包装竹笋微波杀菌最佳条件。微波杀菌最佳条件是功率750W,时间180s。在此条件下杀菌,软包装竹笋质脆,色泽较白且蛋白质损失率仅为0.42%。从而推断微波杀菌效果优于常规杀菌。      

食品微波杀菌有关问题的探讨

本文分析了微波杀菌技术的作用机理,对该技术在食品工业的应用进行了综述,并对食品微波杀菌中微波装置的选用、工艺确定、包装对杀菌的影响以及温度分布等问题进行了讨论。     

A simplified approach to assist process development for microwave assisted pasteurization of packaged food products

The purpose of this study was to develop a convenient method to assist the food industry in developing process schedules for production of ready-to-eat meals using microwave assisted pasteurization system (MAPS). An analytical model was applied to estimate the temperature increase in the cold zone in packaged foods during heating in a 915 MHz single-mode microwave system. This model was validated in a pilot-scale four-cavity MAPS using mashed potato-gellan gum model food with different thicknesses (22 to 36 mm) and salt contents (0.0 to 1.0%). Mobile sensors were placed in the packages to measure temperature at the pre-determined cold spots. For 2.48 min of microwave heating with 5, 5, and 8.7 kW 915 MHz microwave powers, the highest temperature increase at the cold spot during microwave heating was 33.2 °C in the 22 mm thick model food with 0.6% salt content, whereas the lowest temperature increase was 10.3 °C in the 36 mm thick model food with 1.0% salt content. There was a deviation of 1.9 ± 1.2 °C between experimental and predicted data with an R² of 0.89. A simplified chart was developed based on the validated analytical results to allow rapid prediction of temperature increases in MAPS as influenced by food dielectric properties and package thickness. Examples were used to illustrate how the chart could assist in process scheduling. The chart can help assess the heating rates of various pre-packaged food products in a specific industrial MAPS or guide product development for desired heating uniformity.     

Effect of gamma irradiation and frozen storage on chemical and sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet

The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of low‐dose gamma irradiation (1, 3 and 5 kGy) and frozen storage (5 months at ?20 °C) on chemical and sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet. Our statistical analysis showed that irradiation process and frozen storage time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and pH. The level of all of these factors increased with increasing frozen storage time. At the end of the fifth month of frozen storage, the lowest and the highest level of TVN, PV and TBA were corresponding to the irradiated samples at 3 and 5 kGy, respectively. In terms of the overall acceptability of their texture, odour, colour and taste, irradiated samples at 3 kGy had the best quality and remained acceptable after 5 months frozen storage. The optimum dose of gamma radiation of rainbow trout fillets according to chemical and sensory analysis was obtained at 3 kGy.     

Effects of temperature on the elimination of benzocaine and acetylated benzocaine residues from the edible fillet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effect of temperature (7 degrees C and 16 degrees C) on the extent of accumulation and the elimination of benzocaine (BNZ) and its metabolite, acetylated benzocaine (AcBNZ), in the fillet tissue of rainbow trout was investigated. Residues were measured after bath exposure to an anesthetizing concentration of benzocaine (30 mg/l for 5 min) followed by a maintenance concentration (15 mg/l for 30 min). Immediately after exposure, the BNZ concentration in fillet tissue was approximately 27 micrograms/g at both temperatures; AcBNZ was 0.3 microgram/g at 7 degrees C and 0.6 microgram/g at 16 degrees C. The rates for elimination (alpha and beta) of BNZ and AcBNZ were not significantly different between the two temperatures. Terminal half-lives of elimination for BNZ were 1.62 h at 7 degrees C and 1.63 h at 16 degrees C; half-lives for AcBNZ were 2.36 h at 7 degrees C and 2.77 h at 16 degrees C.     

In-home pasteurization of raw goat's milk by microwave treatment

Raw milk has been implicated as an important source of infection with the common bacterial agents associated with gastroenteritis. While established methods of home pasteurization can be cumbersome and tedious, we have demonstrated that a domestic microwave oven can be used effectively to reduce aerobic plate counts in raw goat's milk by up to 6 log cycles without impairing the organoleptic quality. Good keeping quality of the irradiated product was demonstrated by the 7-day holding standard plate count. Petrifilm SM and Petrifilm VRB were used successfully under field conditions. Further investigation must be undertaken to demonstrate that this method is equivalent to the legally accepted pasteurization procedures for the inactivation of such pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and the pasteurization standard Coxiella burnetti.     

超声波辅助腌制鲟鱼片的工艺优化研究

本文研究了超声波辅助腌制鲟鱼片的工艺条件,以感官评分为评价指标,在前期分别对超声时间、超声功率与超声频率等进行单因素实验的基础上,采用三因素三水平的正交实验优化得到超声波辅助腌制的最优工艺条件,结果得出超声波辅助腌制鲟鱼片的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间80 min,超声功率300 W,超声频率35 k Hz,采用这一条件进行腌制的鲟鱼片感官品质最佳。      

Determination of the exposure parameters that maximise the concentrations of the anaesthetic/sedative eugenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue

Studies were conducted to determine the anaesthetic/sedative concentrations and durations that would maximise anaesthetic/sedative residue concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (167–404 g) were exposed to 50 mg l^?1 AQUI-S^® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) in 17°C freshwater for durations up to 1440 min, 100 and 250 mg l^?1 AQUI-S^® 20E for durations up to 240 min, and 500 and 1000 mg l^?1 AQUI-S^® 20E for durations up to 90 min. Fish exposed to 100 mg l^?1 AQUI-S^® 20E for durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min had the greatest eugenol concentrations in the fillet tissue, 50, 58, 54 and 62 µg g^?1, respectively. All other exposure concentrations and durations resulted in significantly lower eugenol concentrations, i.e. all < 39 µg g^?1.     

Computational study for microwave pasteurization of beer and hypothetical continuous flow system design

Beer pasteurization is carried out in conventional systems where low temperature and long time process (56 min process with 13 min pre-heating, 14 min heating, 6 min holding time and 23 min cooling time) is applied for bottled or canned products. Longer process times lead to losses in the sensory properties. Another approach is flash pasteurization where the beer is first pasteurized and then filled into bottles or cans. For flash pasteurization, microwave (MW) process with rapid heating feature might be an innovative alternative. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the MW processing for beer pasteurization. For this purpose, a computational mathematical model was developed to determine the temperature change of beer during MW process and experimentally validated in a 2450 MHz lab-scale system. Following the validation, process design studies for a continuous flow system were carried out. These studies demonstrated the MW application as a rapid process (e.g. 60 s of total MW heating time at 5000 W with a short holding time of 27 s) to achieve the required pasteurization unit at a flow rate of 50.4 kg/h. This confirmed the MW process as a possible industrial application. Using these results, continuous flow process optimization studies for industrial process considerations might be planned.     

Design and evaluation of a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system for apple cider

The purpose of this project was to design a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system and to evaluate the following process parameters: volume load size (0.5 and 1.38 l), input power (900–2000 W), and inlet temperature (3°C, 21°C, and 40°C). Water and two apple ciders, one from a cold press and the other from a hot press extraction, were the fluids used to study the heating characteristics. Volumetric flow rate and absorbed power were criteria in the evaluation. The microwave pasteurization system consisted of helical coils throughout a large cavity oven, which was shown to produce uniform and reproducible heating throughout the cavity. Fluid viscosity of water and cider was measured at temperatures between 20°C and 70°C to characterize the flow in helical coils based on the Dean number. Process lethality was verified based on inoculation of Escherichia coli 25922 in apple cider, in which the pasteurization process resulted in a 5-log₁₀ reduction.