ABS塑料与6082铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊工艺及机理

针对2 mm厚的ABS塑料板和6082-T6铝合金进行搅拌摩擦点焊可焊性试验,并将成形较好的试件的横截面的形貌进行了观察分析,并对其进行力学性能的测试.结果表明,将铝合金板放在上,塑料板放在下的搭接方式可以实现良好的连接;最优工艺参数为搅拌头旋转速度为400 r/min,焊接时间为30 s,所得焊接接头的抗拉剪载荷最大为3.31 kN;点焊接头有两种断裂模式.     

Filling technique for keyhole of friction stir spot welding based on the principles of resistance spot welding

Keyhole at the end of a weld prepared by friction stir welding(FSW) is one of the major issues that impede the application of FSW. To address this issue, a keyhole filling technique was proposed in this paper, which is based on the principles of resistance spot welding(RSW). A three-phase secondary rectifier resistance spot welder was applied as the experimental instrument for filling the keyhole in the center of friction stir spot weld(FSSW). The test sheet is a 2024-T4 aluminium alloy with a thickness of 6.0 mm. The experiments results show that the filled joint strength is improved by 26.12% since the area is increased for the plug in the keyhole. And there are two kinds of dimples in the tensile fracture—equiaxial dimples and long dimples. The filled joint involves the fusion welding zone(FWZ), pressure welding zone(PWZ), melted plug zone(MPZ), and plastic deformation zone(PDZ). The FWZ and the PWZ is the melting bond and diffusion bond between the plug and keyhole, respectively. The MPZ is the center part and the PDZ is upper or lower part of the plug.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊工艺

在铝合金传统搅拌摩擦点焊的基础上,以提高点焊接头力学性能为目标,提出"搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊"技术.其基本工艺原理是,搅拌头沿交叉轨迹做极短距离的往复式搅拌摩擦焊,以实现高性能的点焊连接.对4mm板厚5A02-H14铝合金进行"搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊"试验及分析.结果表明,该工艺可大大拓宽点焊接头的连接面积,并显著降低搭接界面畸变和匙孔处材料缺失的不利影响,与传统搅拌摩擦点焊相比,该工艺能够显著提高铝合金点焊接头的抗剪切性能.     

Effects of process time and thread on tensile shear strength of Al alloy lap joint produced by friction stir spot welding

In automotive applications, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) has been practically used in the construction of aluminium car bodies. In this study, the weld strength and factors governing the weld strength in the friction stir spot welded aluminium alloy 6061-T6 were examined. The weld strength increased with the process time during FSSW up to 3 s, beyond which it decreased. The fracture path changed from the lapped interface into the shoulder edge as the process time increased, and the maximum strength was obtained at the process time when the transition of the fracture path occurred. The cross-sectional microstructure depended on the threads on the probe surface, i.e. the elliptical zone was formed in the stir zone by the threads, but an effect of the thread on the weld strength was hardly found. The present study suggests that the weld strength was strongly related to the size of the well-consolidated region, which was larger than the elliptical zone observed in the vicinity of the exit hole.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊接头塑化金属流动形态分析

在搅拌摩擦点焊过程中,塑化金属的流动形态是影响焊点成形及接头力学性能的主要因素。通过采用镶嵌标识材料的方法,研究了搅拌摩擦点焊过程中接头塑化金属的流动形态。结果表明,在焊点横截面上,匙孔两侧塑化金属发生塑性变形的宽度基本相同,从焊点表面到底面,塑性变形区宽度逐渐减小。在焊点的上部,塑化金属主要受轴肩的作用,在轴肩摩擦力和材料之间的剪切力作用下沿搅拌针旋转的方向运动,随着距焊点表面距离的增大,塑化金属沿搅拌针旋转方向的运动趋势逐渐减小。搅拌针周围的塑化金属在搅拌针螺纹向下的压力作用下,以螺旋状向焊点底部运动,运动到焊点底部后受底板的阻碍和未塑化金属的挤压作用从搅拌针四周向焊点上部运动。     

车用铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊工艺

针对2 mm厚6082-T6铝合金搭接搅拌摩擦点焊进行工艺研究,以转速、下扎时间、回填时间、下扎深度为变量,进行不同试验,通过测量不同参数下的剪切强度、观察金相组织,获得了2 mm厚6082-T6铝合金搭接点焊的优化工艺参数。试验表明,最佳转速为2 100 rpm,最佳下扎时间为3 s,最佳回填时间为3 s,最佳下扎深度为2.7 mm。     

回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的研究进展

回填式搅拌摩擦点焊技术(RFSSW)是一种新型的固相点焊技术,它既拥有与搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)相同的效率高、能耗少、易操作和污染少等优点,又可消除匙孔,因此在航空、航天和汽车制造领域中有着广阔的应用前景。自发明以来,回填式搅拌摩擦点焊技术已被应用于各种铝合金、镁合金以及异种材料的焊接。文中综述了回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的研究进展,主要涉及回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的基本原理以及回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头常见的缺陷、显微组织、力学性能,以及同、异种材料的回填式搅拌摩擦点焊工艺等内容,可对实际工程应用中提高回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头性能以及合理选择回填式搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数提供一定的借鉴作用。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊的研究现状与发展

介绍了国内外搅拌摩擦点焊最新的焊接方法,以及各种方法的原理及优缺点.国内外研究表明,搅拌摩擦点焊可以很好地焊接铝合金,其接头性能优于电阻点焊.搅拌摩擦点焊的方法有很多,各有优缺点,需要根据具体的情况进行选用.搅拌摩擦点焊的工艺参数对性能影响较大,每个参数都有最佳范嗣,需要综合进行考虑.并对搅拌摩擦点焊的发展趋势进行了分析.     

Comparison of 2A12 aluminium alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding and friction stir welding

Ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding （UAFSW） is a recent modification of conventional friction stir welding, which adds ultrasonic energy directly into the friction stir welding area by the pin. In this study, 2A12 aluminum alloy was welded by this process and conventional, respectively. The tensile tests, microstructure and fracture surface of FSW joint and UAFSW joint were analyzed. The research results show that the surface forming texture of ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding joint, compared with conventional, is finer and more uniform, showing metallic matte color. The grains are much finer in weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone; S-phase particles size is much smaller and distribution is more homogeneous in the matrix. The tensile strength of UAFSW joint is 94. 13% of base metal, and the elongation is 11.77%. The tensile strength of FSW joint is 83.15% of base metal, and the elongation is 8.81%. The tests results reveal that ultrasonic vibration can improve the tensile strength and the elongation of welded joints.     

Microstructural analysis of stir zone of Al alloy produced by friction stir spot welding

Abstract

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), which was recently developed as a spot joining technique, has been applied to a lap joint of Al alloy 6061 sheets, 1 mm in thickness, to clarify its microstructural features of the joint. A nugget shaped stir zone having finer grain size was observed around the exit hole of the probe. Crystallographic texture analyses using EBSD method suggested that the material flow occurred along the rotating direction of the FSSW tool in the wide region including the stir zone. In the periphery of the nugget shaped stir zone, which was characterised by finer grain size than the stir zone interior, no inclusions or precipitates were found on the SEM scale. A softened region was formed around the joint centre, which could be explained as resulting from dissolution and/or growth of the strengthening precipitates due to thermal cycle of FSSW.     

锌夹层对铝合金超声搅拌摩擦点焊Hook缺陷的影响

对于铝合金的搅拌摩擦点焊,Hook缺陷是制约接头焊接质量的原因之一. 文中提出一种添加锌夹层的超声搅拌摩擦点焊新工艺,在利用超声可提高材料流动性及促进元素扩散的同时,添加纯锌中间层,使界面形成低熔点共晶进一步促进Hook区材料的冶金结合,从而改善Hook形貌,提升接头焊接质量. 结果表明,添加锌夹层可明显改善接头Hook形貌,显著提高了Hook区有效连接面积. 在不同热输入条件下,添加锌夹层后超声搅拌摩擦点焊接头的拉剪强度均有所提高. 当转速为600和1 200 r/min时,添加锌夹层比常规超声搅拌摩擦点焊工艺得到的接头拉剪失效载荷分别提升了21.36%和12.79%.     

铝合金LD10-LF6搅拌摩擦焊的金属塑性流动

通过对LF6／LD10进行搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)的工艺试验研究，分析了工艺参数对金属流动的影响。结果表明，当压入量和倾角大小适宜，采用带有螺纹的搅拌工具(T001)时，能促进金属塑性流动；在一定范围内提高旋转速度或者焊接速度，不但能促进金属塑性流动，并且能使金属以涡形层状间混方式流动。当采用低速度参数，LF6铝合金处于前进侧时，涡形层状问混结构呈现均匀分布；LF6铝合金处于后退侧，则结果相反，但是提高旋转速度，不论LF6铝合金处于哪一侧，金属都能稳定流动。     

汽车制造驶上搅拌摩擦焊之路

新世纪汽车制造轻量化的发展趋势使铝合金、镁合金等轻质合金材料所占的比重越来越大，从而促进了新型搅拌摩擦焊技术在汽车制造中的应用。在简要介绍搅拌摩擦焊技术的基础上，重点一对搅拌摩擦焊技术在汽车稠造业中的应用进行了探讨和综述，并对国内外的搅拌摩擦焊工艺装备进行了简单介绍。     

LF6铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊

搅拌摩擦点焊(FSSJ)是近年来发明的新的点焊方法,具有接头强度高、能耗低和设备简单等优点,在汽车行业焊接轻质合金如铝合金、镁合金等具有很好的应用前景.采用自行设计的搅拌头对1 mm 1 mm的LF6铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊试验研究.试验结果表明,接头剪切强度约是电阻点焊的1.56倍.接头可以分为搅拌区和热影响区,搅拌区的材料受到搅拌头的作用发生圆周运动和轴向运动,形成细小的再结晶晶粒,强度高、塑性好.     

机器人搅拌摩擦点焊系统设计

搅拌摩擦点焊是一种新型固相焊接技术,机器人焊接是焊接制造业的主要发展方向,将搅拌摩擦点焊与机器人相结合,通过加工相应的焊接装置以及增加机器人的承载能力,设计完成机器人搅拌摩擦点焊装置,实现对搅拌针的精确控制。机器人搅拌摩擦点焊的控制系统是将机器人控制系统和搅拌摩擦点焊控制系统结合,在焊接过程中二者既能独立运行,又相互联系,实现搅拌摩擦点焊装置与机器人协同工作模式,从而实现无间断循环的焊接过程,提高焊接效率。通过实验对比分析机器人搅拌摩擦点焊与传统龙门式搅拌摩擦点焊焊接的工件表面成形和焊点力学性能,结果表明:机器人搅拌摩擦点焊系统实现了复杂结构工件的焊接,表面成形良好,无明显的焊接缺陷,且焊点结合强度与龙门式相当,机器人搅拌摩擦点焊系统具有良好的焊接性能。     

回填时间对RFSSW接头断裂行为的影响

为研究回填时间对回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头断裂模式和断裂机理的影响,对上下板厚度分别为1.5 mm和2 mm的LY12铝合金板材进行了点焊试验,并对焊后接头进行拉剪试验.结果表明,当回填时间较短时,套筒作用区与热力影响区间界面上的原子扩散效果差,甚至在近表面附近出现开裂,导致接头的剪切-塞型断裂.当回填时间足够长时,焊接接头的断裂模式转化为剪切断裂,裂纹主要沿着上下板搭接面扩展.同时,显微结构、硬度与断口形貌的试验结果验证了文中对断裂机制的解释.     

LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的组织与性能

对10 mm厚LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接进行了研究.结果表明:焊接厚板时,为防止出现隧道型缺陷,须在较低的焊速和转速下进行.当焊速为9 mm/min,转速为950 r/mln,焊接输入能量为6 230 W时,接头强度值最高,其值与母材强度值相等.接头处由平均尺寸约为15 μm的均匀细小的晶粒组成;热影响区平均晶粒尺寸较大,其最大值约为28 μm;热机械影响区内组织细长,局部区域最大长度可达到85 μm.焊核区平均硬度与母材相当,中心最高硬度可达HV95,近缝区硬度低于母材硬度.     

Q235钢板与6082铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺

通过对Q235钢板和6082铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接,并用正交试验对搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数进行优化. 结果表明,焊接过程中,将钢板放在返回侧,铝板放在前进侧[1],离搅拌针较近的钢侧金属发生软化,并且在轴肩横向切应力作用下形成短"钉子",最终在搅拌针的旋转作用下填充到搅拌针后方形成的空腔内,当下压量为0.2 mm时,比较容易得到优质的焊缝;搅拌针旋转速度为260 r/min,焊接速度为16 mm/min,针头偏向铝侧0.2 mm时,所得焊缝的抗拉强度为141.204 MPa,断裂发生在铝侧焊核区与热力影响区的交界处;钢侧热机影响区的硬度比母材高,而铝侧热机影响区比母材低.     

5052与6061异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)方法对6 mm厚的5052和6061异种铝合金进行了焊接,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析母材和焊接接头的显微组织和断口形貌,利用XRD分析了搅拌区域的物相组成,并测试了室温拉伸性能和显微硬度。结果表明,5052合金置于前进侧时更有利于材料在焊核区域的相互混合,焊接接头的最低硬度在5052合金一侧热影响区(HAZ),并在这个区域发生了断裂,断裂特征为韧性断裂。焊接接头的最大抗拉强度为225 MPa,伸长率为5.77%。     

6016-T4和5182-O铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊力学性能研究

利用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊(FSSW)技术焊接6016-T4和5182-O异种金属接头,研究其显微组织及力学性能。以剪切拉伸性能为评价指标,得出最优工艺参数是:下压深度1.5 mm,旋转速度2200 r/min,焊接时间2.5 s,平均剪切力2 950 N。疲劳极限载荷F=296 N,疲劳断裂时裂纹起源于上下板搭接处,同时向板厚和板宽方向扩展。接头显微组织中没有铸态的柱状晶,均为等轴晶和较母材晶粒略有长大的组织,接头性能良好。