国内外长输管道对接焊缝射线检测验收标准比较分析

对长输管道射线检测评定标准SY4056－1993《石油天然气钢管质道对接环缝射线照相和质量分级》和API1104《管道及有关设备的焊接》作了比较分析，两个标准在焊缝质量的缺陷评定上有一定的差别，在具体应用中，应根据两个标准的各自特点进行综合考虑。     

高强钢Domex700MC焊接工艺及接头性能分析

采用不同的焊接方法对高强钢Domex700MC进行焊接，分析了焊接接头的力学性能和金相组织。结果表明：用CO2＋Ar气体保护焊和埋弧焊2种焊接方法对高强钢Domex700MC进行焊接，其接头性能都满足要求，但用CO2＋Ar气体保护焊得到的焊接接头性能更优良。     

中海拔地区钢轨焊接工艺及质量对比

以包钢U75V热处理钢轨焊接为对象,依据焊接接头型式检验结果,对比研究兰州铁路局中海拔地区基地闪光焊、现场移动式闪光焊、移动式气压焊及铝热焊接头性能。结果表明:基地焊接接头综合性能最佳,现场移动式闪光焊和移动式气压焊接头综合性能相近,铝热焊接头性能最差。     

A method for evaluating the reliability of welded joints on the basis of statistical processing of radiographic inspection results

The mechanical properties, radiographic and metallographic analyses of the structure of welded joints produced by argon-shielded arc welding after repair by resistance spot welding are compared. It is shown that the suitability for repair improves if the method of argon-shielded arc welding of defects is replaced by resistance spot welding.     

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of pulsed current gas tungsten arc, friction stir and laser beam welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints

The laser beam welded joints offered better resistance against the growing fatigue cracks compared to friction stir welded and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints. The formation of very fine grains in weld region, higher fusion zone hardness, uniformly distributed fine precipitates and favourable residual stress field of the weld region are the main reasons for superior fatigue performance of laser beam welded joints of AZ31B magnesium alloy.     

Potential risk of propagation of defects and welded joints in pipelines in hydrogen sulphide-containing fields

The main reasons for failure of welded joints in pipelines in hydrogen sulphide-containing oil and gas fields are discussed. A method is proposed for evaluating the potential risk of non-crack defects in the circumferential welded joints, based on the results of full-scale tests of pipes and theoretical calculations. The method can be used to determine the permissible working pressure and justify the further service of sections of pipelines containing defective welded joints.     

Numerical and experimental study of the microstructural evolution and the properties of joints welded on rebars using the GMAW process

This paper is a study of CA-50 rebars from SAE steel grade 1026. This study was carried out in order to improve the control of the mechanical properties of welded joints. Knowing certain variables are very important when it comes to finding the ideal welding parameters and the respective microstructural results, and consequently for the mechanical properties of welded joints. In order to carry out this study, a study of the material as received was carried out in order to establish a solid basis for comparison. The material was welded using argon as the shielding gas with 20% carbon dioxide. The wire used was copper-covered ER70S-6, and the welded joints were lap joints. The temperature was monitored using thermocouples for two different heat inputs. A numerical computer code was developed to simulate the phenomena that occur during the process (temperature gradient, phase transformations and heat transfer). The welded joints did not introduce martensite as a brittle phase, the weld metal had a dendritic structure, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) had two different zones with different grain sizes. All of this was due to the temperature gradient, which also led to different characteristics in the weld bead, HAZ, phases formed and different grain sizes.     

Energy characteristics of the power source‐welding arc system

Analytical decisions supported by experimental data were used to determine the dependences for calculating the size of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in multilayer welding of circumferential joints in transmission gas pipelines. Data on the dimensions of this zone are essential for evaluating the possibility of applying cold cutting in the rejection of elements of gas pipelines because of defects in circumferential welded joints or welded joints in transition rings in the vicinity of circumferential welded joints.     

射线照相黑度值的重要性及其标准规定值的合理性

黑度是射线照相检验中的一个重要参数，我国射线照相标准中的黑度规定值与国际标准化组织（ISO）和国外标准存在的较大差距。指出该参数与景仰质量和检测有效性、可靠性的利害关系，建议按两种主要焊接接头型式分别规定射线照相许用黑度范围。     

机车车体Q345E钢Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合保护气体MAG焊接头的组织和性能

选用富氩低氧化性的Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合焊接气体(即Rich-argon Lower-oxidizability Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合气体,简称RALO三元混合气体),通过与传统φ(Ar)80%+φ(CO_2)20%二元混合焊接气体(简称二元混合气体)相对比,研究机车车体Q345E钢MAG焊接头的组织和性能。试验结果表明,RALO三元混合气体的焊缝成形较为平滑、美观;三元混合气体的焊缝低温冲击韧性略高于二元混合气体,冲击吸收功A_(kv)(-40℃)值高出约13%;选用三元混合气体或二元混合气体进行焊接,MAG焊接头的组织特征上差别不大,即组织类型相同、形貌特征相似、晶粒尺寸相近,且焊接接头塑性良好,静载拉伸试验试样均断裂于远离焊缝的母材处。     

304L/SA516Gr70不锈钢复合板焊接接头的组织与性能分析

针对304L/SA516Gr70不锈钢复合板,采用钨极氩弧焊方法并选用ER309L焊丝焊接覆层和过渡层,选用E5015焊条电弧焊焊接基层.对焊接接头进行拉伸强度等力学性能测试,结果表明,拉伸试样断裂于母材,焊接接头的抗拉强度达573.4 MPa,断口呈明显的韧性断裂;观察接头金相组织表明,过渡层焊缝组织为黑色的蠕虫状和...     

Defects caused by corrosion cracking in circumferential welded joints of transmission gas pipelines in two climatic regions of Russia

It is shown that a very large number of anomalies of welded joints are detrimental for the safe service of a system of transmission gas pipelines not only because of the possibility of failure of the welded joint but also because of the formation of the additional factor of nucleation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking defects in the zone of interaction of longitudinal and circumferential welded joints.     

压力容器无损检测--射线检测技术(Ⅱ)

概述压力容器普通接头和特殊接头的一些特殊射线检测(RT)工艺,特别是换热器管 板焊缝和容器管座焊缝等难度较高的RT工艺。指出兆伏级X射线照相的特点和注意点以及射线实时成像法的要点和难点,并评述数字射线照相法的应用现状和发展前景。     

304不锈钢三元保护气体MAG焊工艺及其接头组织和力学性能

采用MAG焊在对接接头形式下,分别选用二元保护气体(Ar+O2)和不同比例的三元保护气体(Ar+CO2+O2),在4mm厚的304不锈钢板上进行焊接工艺试验。焊后观察并测量焊接接头,比较不同保护气体下的焊缝外观成形质量,测量焊缝合金元素及氧的含量,并测试了焊接接头的硬度、拉伸、弯曲以及低温冲击性能。     

焊接工艺对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用等离子弧焊打底,分别用钨极氩弧焊盖面和熔化极氩弧焊盖面两种焊接工艺对2205双相不锈钢进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行了固溶处理。对采用两种焊接工艺的焊件的铁素体-奥氏体两相比例以及抗点腐蚀性能进行了分析和检测。结果表明,两种焊接工艺都可以满足焊接接头的各项性能技术要求,钨极氩弧焊焊盖面的焊接接头铁素体含量低于熔化极氩弧焊焊盖面,且冲击韧性也优于熔化极氩弧焊焊盖面,而熔化极氩弧焊焊盖面的焊接接头的抗点腐蚀性能优于钨极氩弧焊焊盖面。     

超纯铁素体Cr30Mo2钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能

利用自制的焊接工作台,在ＴＩＧ焊基础上,对Ｃｅ３０Ｍｏ２超纯铁素体不锈施焊。焊接中对焊缝和热影响区附加拖罩和背;衬的Ａｒ气延续保护。对焊接接头质量进行宏观坶检验;借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）分析焊缝组织特征一冲击断口形貌;按国家标准测试焊接接头的力学性能。华发头上未发现任何焊接缺陷,焊接缝质量良好;其强度、延性和韧性均达到母材水平,特别是在焊缝和热影响区未出现脆化现象,冲     

Metal magnetic memory testing of welded joints of ferritic and austenitic steels

The method of the metal magnetic memory testing is a passive method of non-destructive testing based on the residual magnetic field (RMF) of a component. It allows the localization of stress concentration zones in the objects under examination. The defects in welded joints are places of stress concentration. Also, due to the geometric notch effect and thermal deformations after welding, the welded joint is a stress concentrator. Therefore, not all indications obtained in the method of the MMM testing are defects in the common, standard meaning. Additionally, in the weld seams of austenitic steels, the non-uniformity of delta ferrite in the joint results in changes in the RMF distribution and gives rise to indications. The paper presents the ways of examination and assessment of welded joints by means of the method of the MMM testing. The presented research methodology is the outcome of a synthesis of own experience and the provisions of standards ISO 24497-1, 2, 3: 2007. The results obtained in the MMM testing were compared to the results of the radiographic testing (RT). It was found that the MMM testing allowed the detection of imperfections, including defects, in welded joints at the production stage. Knowing the potential of the method of the MMM testing it seems well justified that it should be used in the examination of welded joints at the operation stage. These joints, after non-destructive testing at the production stage, are not free from defects. The defects, together with imperfections at the micro-level, concentrate stresses from working loads. Wear processes and the development of micro- and macro-cracks proceed in them the fastest. By finding the stress concentration zones, the areas of potential cracks can be found. The development of reliable procedures of examination and assessment of welded joints with the use of the method of the metal magnetic memory testing still needs a lot of research.     

关于小径管环向对接接头射线检测中缺陷透照畸变的分析

在小径管环向对接焊接接头射线检测中,按照JB/T 4730.2—2005标准规定,由于结构原因不能进行多次透照时,可采用椭圆成像或重叠成像方式透照一次。在小径管环向对接焊接接头射线检测时,由于射线穿透的管件厚度变化大,因此底片上所反映的缺陷畸变的长度和黑度不同。研究这些变化的特点,可以正确评定底片上的缺陷,并对焊缝质量的评定尽可能准确无误,根据这些特点将透照成像后的椭圆影像和重叠影像分为四个评定区域进行了分析。     

2219铝合金FSW和TIG焊接头力学与腐蚀行为

评价了2219-CS铝合金FSW和TIG焊接头的力学性能,并采用晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀及电化学腐蚀方法对2219-CS铝合金FSW和TIG焊接头进行了整体及分区域腐蚀行为表征,借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了表面腐蚀形貌. 结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区的细晶结构和弥散再分布的沉淀相大幅度提高了其耐腐蚀性能,热影响区中沉淀相回溶及粗化较TIG焊接头热影响区较弱,耐腐蚀性能有一定提高,搅拌摩擦焊接头的高电化学均质性宏观表现为其整体腐蚀速率的显著降低.     

双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性研究

综述了双相不锈钢的焊接接头的耐蚀性研究进展及采用的研究方法和已取得的成果。主要介绍了双相不锈钢在焊接过程中,不同的热处理方式、不同的焊接工艺给双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性带来的影响。结果表明,采用合适的输入热能量、多层焊接、Ar＋2％N2混合保护气、手工电弧焊（SMAW）和钨极氩弧焊（TIG）相配合,可以使得焊接接头具有优良的耐蚀性能。