烘烤条件对奇亚籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成的影响

对奇亚籽进行烘烤、压榨取油,测定不同烘烤条件(温度、时间)下奇亚籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成,探讨烘烤温度和时间的影响。结果表明:随着烘烤温度的升高和烘烤时间的延长,奇亚籽油色泽加深,酸价、过氧化值、K_(232)、K_(268)均呈现上升趋势,且180℃烘烤50 min以上较其他条件下显著升高(p0.05);烘烤条件对脂肪酸组成无影响。故烘烤奇亚籽不宜在高温下进行,若采用180℃烘烤时,则时间不应超过50 min。     

木香籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

以木香籽为原料，采用压榨法提取木香籽油，分析木香籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸组成，并对其营养价值进行综合评价。结果表明：木香籽油的酸价13.73 KOH mg/g、过氧化值0.06 g/100 g、皂化值174.38 KOH mg/g、碘值143.61 g/100 g、水分及挥发物含量0.13%、相对密度0.89 g/mL;木香籽油中主要含有12种脂肪酸，不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.09%,以亚油酸和油酸为主，含量分别为72.90%和15.80%,是1种具有较高营养价值的保健用油。     

刺槐籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

对刺槐籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行了分析,气相色谱分析表明刺槐籽油由7种脂肪酸组成,主要为亚油酸和亚麻酸,分别占脂肪酸总量的62．99％和21．28％,同时含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,属于油酸-亚油酸油脂,具有很高的保健价值。     

山茱萸籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

主要对山茱萸籽的组成、山茱萸籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析.结果表明:山茱萸籽中还原糖、总糖、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为29.2％、64.7％、21.7％和13.1％.山茱萸籽油酸值(KOH)、碘值(Ⅰ)、过氧化值及皂化值(KOH)分别为0.97 mg/g、113.8 g/100 g、8.9 mmol/kg、186.5 mg/g.山茱萸籽油中饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(10.40％)为主,其次是硬脂酸(3.49％)和山嵛酸(3.32％);不饱和脂肪酸中油酸(35.80％)和亚油酸(34.60％)含量较高,还含有5.51％的芥酸.     

奇亚籽油的研究进展

奇亚籽油含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs),其中亚麻酸含量达60%以上,被认为是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的良好来源,具有抗增殖和促凋亡作用、免疫刺激剂作用、体外抗氧化和抗高血压作用以及调节血脂和肝酶等功效,食用奇亚籽油对于维持正常的生理和脑功能具有重要的意义。从奇亚籽油的提取方法及脂肪酸组成、理化性质和生物活性等方面,综述了近年来国内外有关奇亚籽油的研究报道,旨在为奇亚籽油的开发利用提供参考,并对其今后的研究重点进行展望。     

奇亚籽油的品质特性及提取工艺研究进展

奇亚籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸含量达60%以上,是ω-3脂肪酸的天然来源,对预防与饮食相关的慢性疾病具有重要意义。奇亚籽油中的抗氧化活性成分丰富,涵盖生育酚、植物甾醇、角鲨烯及多酚等。综述了近年来国内外有关奇亚籽油的脂肪酸组成、理化性质、提取工艺、氧化稳定性等领域的研究报道,并对奇亚籽油今后研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

提取方法对奇亚籽油品质特性的影响

以奇亚籽为原料,分别采用压榨法、溶剂浸提法、水酶法和超临界CO₂萃取法提取奇亚籽油,对比分析不同方法提取奇亚籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成、油脂氧化稳定性、酚类物质含量及体外抗氧化能力等品质特性。结果表明:4种方法中,超临界CO₂萃取法的油脂得率最高(85.5%),其次是溶剂浸提法(65.8%)和压榨法(40.9%),水酶法最低(33.2%)。超临界CO₂萃取的奇亚籽油品质最佳,色泽为黄值70红值4.3灰值0.3,酸价为1.10 mg KOH/g、过氧化值为0.0137 g/100 g,含有不饱和脂肪酸总质量分数为88.22%,其中亚油酸18.36%,亚麻酸69.86%;其氧化速度最慢在30 h后过氧化值达到0.25 g/100 g;总酚含量为106.45 mg/kg,黄酮含量为222.09 mg/kg。超临界CO₂萃取的奇亚籽油在相同质量浓度下的DPPH自由基清除能力(IC₅₀ 28.04 mg/mL)与ABTS⁺·清除能力(IC₅₀ 33.70 mg/mL)优于压榨法、溶剂浸提法和水酶法;对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(IC₅₀ 10.08 mg/mL)优于溶剂浸提法、水酶法,略低于压榨法。     

番石榴籽油的理化性质及其脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取番石榴籽油,测定番石榴籽油的皂化值、酸值、碘值等理化性质;番石榴籽油经甲酯化处理,采用GC-MS分析其脂肪酸组成.结果表明:番石榴籽油相对密度0.924 5,折光指数(25℃)1.473 6,酸值(KOH) 1.50 mg/g,皂化值(KOH) 189.0 mg/g,碘值(Ⅰ)135.7 g/100 g;主要脂肪酸成分为亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸总量达83.49％.番石榴籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高,具有开发利用前景.     

水酶法提取樱桃籽油的工艺及理化性质

目的:优化水酶法提取樱桃籽油工艺,提高樱桃籽利用率。方法:在单因素试验基础上,运用混料设计对混合酶的混合比例进行优化,以确定最佳提取工艺条件,再对樱桃籽油的理化性质进行检测。结果:混合酶法提取樱桃籽油的最优酶解条件为：混合酶(m_维素酶∶m_果胶酶∶m_{酸性蛋白酶}为0.67∶0.10∶0.23)添加量2.0%,液料比(V_蒸馏水∶m_樱桃籽粉)10∶1 (mL/g),酶解温度45℃,pH 4.0,酶解4.0 h,樱桃籽油回收率达到93.18%,实际提取率为28.66%。所得樱桃籽油符合食用油安全标准。结论:混料设计辅助水酶法提取樱桃籽油的工艺具有可行性。     

奇亚籽胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质

以奇亚籽为原材料,利用单因素和响应面试验对奇亚籽胶的提取工艺进行优化筛选。结果表明,最佳的提取工艺条件为料液比1∶45（g/mL）、浸提温度90 ℃、pH8.2。对奇亚籽胶理化性质的研究结果表明,奇亚籽胶具有良好的理化性能,其优异的持水/油、乳化、起泡等性质使其在肉制品、烘焙产品、乳制品等领域的应用前景较广。     

奇亚籽饼的营养成分分析及物性研究

为提高奇亚籽饼的利用率,对奇亚籽饼的营养成分进行分析评价,并对其物性进行研究。结果表明:奇亚籽饼中含有(32.70±0.10)g/100 g的粗蛋白质,(44.74±0.53)g/100 g的膳食纤维,残存脂肪(7.15±0.26)g/100 g;压榨过程中部分不饱和脂肪酸氧化分解为饱和脂肪酸;氢氧化钾蛋白质溶解度为90%,符合大豆粕国家标准要求;奇亚籽饼的多酚含量为4.67 mg/g,高于奇亚籽中的多酚含量(3.63 mg/g);经测定奇亚籽饼的膨胀力、持水力、结合水力、吸脂力,得出其综合物性值为11.60,优于常见的大豆纤维和玉米纤维,具有较好的减肥调脂、降血糖等功能特性。     

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil extraction: Study of processing parameters

The processing parameters related with chia oil extraction employing screw press have not been studied yet. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to study the optimization process by response surface analysis. The independent variables considered were seed moisture content, restriction die, screw press speed and barrel temperature, while the response variables measured were oil yield, fines content in oil and oil quality (acidity, peroxide index, K₂₃₂, K₂₇₀, values, antioxidant activity and total tocopherol content). Since chemical quality data of chia seeds oil pressed at different conditions was not affected, the response was optimize to maximize oil yield. The results suggested that 0.113 g/g dry solids (0.101 g/g seed), 6 mm restriction die, 20 rpm screw press speed and 30 °C barrel temperature were the best processing combination to maximize oil yield.     

Chemical Characterization of the Lipid Fraction of Mexican Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.)

The lipid fraction of Jalisco and Sinaloa chia seeds was analyzed for oil content, fatty acids, squalene and phytosterols. The mean oil content of seeds from these two regions was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different, but with a similar composition of α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids. Total phytosterols in the oil ranged from 7 to 17 g/kg. β-sitosterol accounted for up to 74% of the total unsaponified fraction. The seeds contained less than 0.5 g/kg of squalene. The oil is an attractive source of ω-3 linolenic acid and phytosterols but a poor source of squalene.     

高能电子束辐照对奇亚籽发芽率及奇亚籽毛油品质的影响

奇亚籽繁殖力超强,引入我国易形成优势种群,破坏生态系统,因此考虑对奇亚籽进行灭活后引入。探究利用辐照技术使奇亚籽丧失活力,并研究辐照对奇亚籽毛油品质的影响。结果表明:辐照处理可延缓奇亚籽开始萌发的时间,并使其发芽率降低,随着辐照剂量的增大,10 k Gy处理时奇亚籽发芽率为0;10 k Gy辐照处理与不经辐照处理的奇亚籽毛油相比,酸值显著升高(P0.05)(但仍符合亚麻籽油的一级标准),过氧化值、脂肪酸组成差异不显著(P0.05);辐照处理后奇亚籽毛油的品质高,符合亚麻籽油的一级标准。     

奇亚籽蛋白的提取和营养评价

以奇亚籽粕为原料,采用碱提酸沉法提取奇亚籽蛋白,研究不同提取条件对奇亚籽蛋白提取率的影响。对提取的奇亚籽蛋白进行氨基酸组成分析和评价,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:奇亚籽蛋白的等电点为4.2;在液料比35∶1、p H 9.5、提取温度45℃、提取时间40 min、重复提取2次的条件下,奇亚籽蛋白的提取率达到61.52%;奇亚籽蛋白氨基酸总量为(991.84±0.26)mg/g,其中必需氨基酸总量为(351.14±0.18)mg/g,均高于大豆分离蛋白;根据EAAI,奇亚籽蛋白的氨基酸组成比大豆分离蛋白更接近标准蛋白,具有较高的营养价值。     

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed mucilage as a fat replacer in yogurts: Effect on their nutritional,technological, and sensory properties

Growing consumer demand for healthy and nutritious products has motivated scientists and food manufacturers to design novel dairy products with higher fiber levels and lower fat content that are free of chemical additives. Chia seed mucilage (CSM) is a healthy natural gel extensively used as a dietary source of soluble fiber, a bulking agent, and a fat replacer in a large variety of foods. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CSM on the nutritional, technological, and sensory properties of skimmed yogurts. The addition of 7.5% CSM to a yogurt formula lowered the degree of syneresis of the resulting yogurt during storage compared with full-fat yogurts. The nutritive value of the enriched yogurts improved due to higher levels of dietary fiber compared with full-fat and skimmed yogurts. Moreover, rheological measurements revealed greater consistency, firmness, and viscosity, as well as the formation of a highly structured network and better resistance to stress in yogurts containing 7.5% CSM. The sensory acceptance of the yogurts enriched with 7.5% CSM was similar to the reference samples in acidity, creaminess, and viscosity terms. These results confirm the feasibility of using CSM as a fat replacer to design novel skimmed yogurts.     

Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica) is an ancient oilseed used by Mayas and Aztecs as foodstuff. This seed is a natural source of omega-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), soluble and insoluble fibers, and proteins in addition to other important nutritional components, such as vitamins, minerals, and natural antioxidants. Chia can be considered as “functional food” because apart from contributing to human nutrition, chia helps to increase satiety index, prevent cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and nervous system disorders, and diabetes, among others. Today, chia seed offers a huge potential in the industries of health, food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals, among others, due to its functional components.     

Short communication: Chia seed extract enhances physiochemical and antioxidant properties of yogurt

Yogurt is a healthy dairy food fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Because consumers demand healthier and more nutritious yogurt, numerous substances have been used to supplement yogurt. Chia seed has been reported to contain abundant phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and n-3 fatty acids and therefore is a potential functional food additive. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chia seed extracts on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of set-type yogurt. Yogurt was fortified with chia seed water extract (CSWE) or chia seed ethanol extract (CSEE) at 0.05 or 0.1% (vol/vol). Results showed that supplementation with CSWE or CSEE significantly accelerated the fermentation rate and growth of LAB. Both CSWE and CSEE improved the viscosity, syneresis, and water-holding capacity of yogurt. The radical scavenging activity of yogurt was increased with both extracts, and the 0.1% CSEE yogurt exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, 0.1% CSEE yogurt significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of hydrogen peroxide in human colon cells. Addition of chia seed extract improves the growth of LAB, the physiochemical properties, and the health-beneficial effects of set-type yogurt.     

Fabrication of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil nanoemulsions using different emulsifiers

In this study, the quality of spiral cold press chia seed oil was evaluated and four types of O/W chia seed oil nanoemlusion systems were prepared, including chia seed oil nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween 80 and Span 80 by spontaneous emulsification and microfluidization, sodium caseinate by microfluidization, and sucrose monopalmitate by microfluidization. All these optimized samples exhibited good storage stability for at least two weeks when stored at 4 °C or ambient temperature. The nanoemulsion stabilized with sodium caseinate was labeling friendly, and enough energy‐input facilitated the achievement of small particle size around 160 nm. The chia seed oil nanoemulsion fabricated with sucrose monopalmitate could get best transparency with smallest droplet diameter (around 47 nm). Chia seed oil nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween 80 and Span 80, as one model case diluted 500× into water system, had constant transparency after fortnight's storage.

Practical applications

Consumers are increasingly aware of nutrition as well as sensory properties of food products. Chia seed oil is a good source of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, yet difficult to be added directly into water‐based liquid food or beverages. The information given in this work might be useful for designing O/W chia seed oil nanoemulsion delivery system, facilitating the further application of chia seed oil in beverages and functional food industry which required only slightly turbid or even transparent appearance.