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在传统白酒的酿造过程中,窖池内酒醅各项理化指标的动态变化对发酵后期酒质的好坏起到关键作用。通过跟踪分析绵甜型白酒——文王贡酒的窖池内酒醅各项理化指标在一个发酵周期内的动态变化,初步分析绵甜型白酒的酿造机理。根据对酒醅不同空间位置的水分、酸度、还原糖、淀粉、温度和酒精含量的分析表明,绵甜型酒生产发酵过程中化学物质的代谢变化具有较明显的规律性,随着微生物类群的生长变化而波动,酒醅发酵需要适宜的温度、水分和酸度,这些指标含量的过高或过低,都会严重影响酒醅的正常糖化和发酵。分析结果为传统白酒酿造提供了理论依据,企业可以科学合理的调控,保证窖池内发酵正常进行。 相似文献
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采用主成分分析(PCA)结合偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)法分析了六粮浓香型白酒不同部位酒醅发酵过程理化指标的差异,探究了中心酒醅和边缘酒醅的水分、酸度、还原糖、淀粉、总酯的变化规律。结果表明,根据酒醅理化指标的主成分分析结果,可将整个发酵过程分为三个阶段,即发酵前期(0~18 d)、中期(18~54 d)和后期(54~76 d);相同发酵时间,不同部位酒醅水分、酸度、还原糖、淀粉、总酯含量在整个发酵过程均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。同一部位酒醅,其水分、还原糖含量在发酵0~8 d差异显著(P<0.05),酒醅还原糖、淀粉含量在发酵18~33 d差异显著(P<0.05),酒醅淀粉、水分、总酯含量在发酵54~76 d差异显著(P<0.05)。六粮浓香型白酒中心酒醅和边缘酒醅的理化指标在时间层面的变化趋势比空间上的变化趋势更为显著。 相似文献
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《食品与发酵工业》2017,(11):9-15
高温堆积是芝麻香型白酒生产的关键工艺,其效果直接影响后续发酵及最终酒样质量。受温度和氧浓度影响,堆积结束时,表层醅和中心醅中酵母和细菌数量不同,两者的糖化酶、淀粉、酸度、还原糖和酒度也存在明显差异。为探讨2种不同堆积醅对芝麻香型白酒生产的影响,通过实验室控温模拟窖内发酵实际温度变化,将表层醅和中心醅按不同混合比例混合后进行对比发酵。研究发酵过程理化指标动态变化,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)结合感官品评分析最终酒样。实验结果表明,不同混合比例酒醅理化指标变化存在差异;实际生产混合酒醅控温发酵所得酒样最接近工厂原酒样;中心醅占比较大的酒醅所产酒具有芝麻香型酒风味特征,推测中心醅与芝麻香型白酒典型风味形成关系较大。 相似文献
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了解白酒发酵系统的热过程特征与机理对发酵过程温度控制及发酵系统的机械化具有重要意义。通过比较不同季节汾酒发酵过程中酒醅及地缸周边土壤的温度分布,确认了汾酒地缸系统发酵过程生物热产生及扩散传递的方式,确定了地缸中酒醅温度的变化特征及发酵传热的主要机理(热传导),并且探讨了气温对发酵热过程的重要影响。根据研究结果认为发酵过程酒醅温度的变化模式符合白酒发酵的基本特征和要求,白酒的生产和研究应满足之。 相似文献
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四川作为浓香型白酒的主要产地,在全国白酒产业中一直占据着重要地位。为解析四川浓香型白酒糟醅发酵过程中理化指标的产区特征,对比分析了泸州、宜宾和德阳三个代表性地区中浓香型白酒发酵过程糟醅的水分、酸度、淀粉、还原糖和酒精含量的变化。研究结果表明,相比较泸州和德阳地区,宜宾地区的糟醅在发酵过程中水分、酒精度、淀粉和还原糖的利用率都最高,而酸度较低。泸州地区发酵糟醅中整体水分和酒精度含量、淀粉和还原糖的消耗量都较低,仅酸度相对较高。德阳地区发酵糟醅的各项理化指标则介于宜宾和泸州地区之间。主成分分析也表明三个地区在浓香型白酒发酵过程中存在显著差异。本研究揭示了四川各产区浓香型白酒糟醅发酵过程中各理化因子的变化规律,为今后在实际生产中实现发酵过程的科学精准调控提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究泸型酒不同窖龄窖池的酒醅在发酵过程中的理化指标变化情况,对不同窖龄窖池不同空间层次的酒醅进行理化指标(水分、酸度、还原糖含量、淀粉含量、乙醇含量)分析检测与变化规律探究,可以更准确地为生产提供科学依据,更好的指导实际生产。研究结果表明,在泸型酒发酵过程中,随着淀粉的不断消耗,酒醅酸度、水分、乙醇含量逐渐上升,还原糖含量先上升后降低;老窖池不同空间层次的酒醅水分变化具有显著性差异,各层次的酒醅酸度普遍高于新窖池;在第7~21天新窖池下层酒醅的还原糖含量普遍高于上层、中层,在发酵后期老窖池的上层酒醅还原糖含量高于中、下层;新、老窖池的乙醇含量呈现前期上升后期缓慢降低的趋势,但新窖池上层的乙醇含量在发酵第56天后因有机酸含量低,酯化反应底物不足,出现积累现象。 相似文献
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Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
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R. B. Sashidhar Y. Ramakrishna Ramesh V. Bhat 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1992,28(4):257-260
Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low. 相似文献
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目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50%和8.22%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02%、1.11%和0.87%.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33%,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00%,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11%.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管. 相似文献