Resonance frequency and bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antennaon thick substrate

We report an improved cavity model called modified Wolff model (MWM) to compute the resonance frequency of a rectangular patch antenna on the thick PTFE substrate (0.037λ_g-0.229λ_g). The MWM accounts for the effect of anisotropy and total losses on the resonance frequency, therefore it has a maximum deviation 2% against the experimental results. The previous cavity model, the multiport cavity model, and MOM based commercial software, Ensemble, compute resonance frequency with deviation between 4%-36%. Results on the bandwidth computed by these models have also been compared against the experimental results     

Millimeter wave source in the rectangular waveguide cavity

This paper describes a power combiner of solid—state millimeter wave in rectangular cavity. The operating frequency is about 50 GHz. And the sources of excitation are GaAs Gunn deodes. Final presents the performance parameter, combining efficiency, tuning range, frequency drift, and FM noise, etc. This paper also presents a millimeter wave source of rectangular waveguide cavity. Using an exellent algorithm to design rectangular waveguide cavity of power combimer. The algorithm gives the mathematial model, on the basis of the mathematial model, using CAD of PC microcomputer to design the parameters of the cavity. This paper presents a program of CAD of micocomputer.     

贯通导线端接负载对腔体电磁耦合影响分析

为研究贯通导线端接负载对金属腔体电磁耦合的影响, 基于时域有限积分方法建立了平面波辐射条件下含贯通导线金属腔体的耦合计算模型, 通过腔内屏蔽效能变化研究了端接负载及连接方式等对腔内电磁耦合的影响, 分析了耦合机理, 提出了基于吉赫横电磁波传输室建立含贯通导线腔体电磁耦合实验的新方法, 对计算结果进行了实验验证.研究表明:腔内贯通导线负载为纯电阻及容性阻抗时, 负载接腔体或腔体接地能降低腔内的电磁耦合, 且电阻值及电容值大小对腔内耦合有显著影响; 电阻及加载电容后发现,负载开路且腔体不接地时, 腔体的低频电磁耦合效果基本不变, 负载短路且腔体接地时, 负载变化对腔内高频耦合影响不大.负载连接腔体对腔内电磁耦合的谐振频率有一定影响.       

Shift of the complex resonance frequency of a dielectric-loadedcavity produced by small sample insertion holes

The presence of small sample insertion holes in a cylindrical cavity produces a shift in the complex resonance frequency of the cavity. A mathematical model is proposed to compute the shift when the cavity oscillates in an axially symmetric TM_0mp mode The treatment applies to samples with arbitrary complex permittivity. The model is compared to other treatments and checked against measured results     

Analysis of Millimeter Wave Varactor-Tuned Gunn Oscillator Stabilized with a Transmission Cavity

A novel circuit architecture which describes millimeter wave varactor-tuned Gunn oscillator stabilized with a transmission cavity has been proposed in this paper. A corresponding equivalent circuit model has been presented in order to study its performance characteristics. The circuit model consists of four parts which are varactor cavity, main cavity, transmission waveguide and transmission cavity. Based upon this model, electrical tuning characteristics have been studied at first. Mode jumping problems during electrical tuning process have been analyzed qualitatively. Moreover, quality factor and efficiency of the circuit model have been derived by virtue of relevant circuit parameters. The effects of some important circuit parameters affecting circuit performance parameters have been discussed. The circuit model can describe the circuit architecture accurately and effectively. This circuit architecture, which can generate signals exhibiting low frequency modulation noise, high frequency stabilization and electrical tunable characteristics, is applicable to various practical situations.     

Loss Measurement of High-Finesse Fabry-Perot Cavities

The loss of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity was measured using frequency scan and cavity ring-down techniques.Different transverse modes were examined by sweeping the frequency of the laser across the corresponding resonances.In addition,cavity ring-down technique was used to measure the loss of the Fabry-Perot cavity and a simple model was employed to remove the influence of finite response time of the optical switch and the detection circuit.     

Supermode noise of harmonically mode-locked erbium fiber laserswith composite cavity

The supermode noise of a harmonically mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with composite cavity is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. We propose a simple model based on the transfer function of the composite cavity. From this model, the frequencies of the cavity modes and their frequency-dependent losses are determined. A comprehensive experimental study of the composite cavity laser is carried out, covering a wide range of path-length differences between both arms of the fiber interferometer that form the composite cavity. Experimental results are in good agreement with our model. In particular, the path length difference determines periodic frequency windows within which supermodes of the composite cavity are observed. Outside these windows, supermodes are not detectable. Our results show quite remarkably that, although the number of supermodes is reduced with respect to the simple cavity, no measurable reduction of the overall supermode noise is obtained, contrary to what has recently been previously suggested     

Spectral Domain Analysis of Coaxial Cavities

Coaxial cavities are used in high power gyrotrons as the beam-wave interaction structure. Much research has been devoted to their mode selective properties. A coaxial cavity lacks a sharp boundary at its open end, so it has some physical features that can only be observed using a spectral model, such as frequency-dependent field profiles and mode overlapping effects. These properties are important since cold tests are usually conducted in the frequency domain. This study applies the incident/reflected wave boundary condition to the wave equation of a weakly irregular coaxial waveguide. The resistivity of the wall is considered in the analysis. Calculations reveal that the fixed-position spectrum yields an uncertain resonant frequency and quality factor. Although the maximum-field spectrum can uniquely determine the properties of the coaxial cavity, the resonant frequency obtained using the maximum-field spectral model is inconsistent with that obtained using the temporal model. The field-energy spectrum explains the low Q nature of the coaxial cavity. Moreover, resonant frequencies evaluated using the field-energy spectrum agree precisely with those evaluated using the temporal model.     

Study on microwave excited by virtual cathode oscillation in cavity

Microwave excited by virtual cathode (VC) oscillation in a cylindrical cavity is analyzed. The VC is regarded as a oscillating charged disk. By the means of model expansion method, the relation between microwave frequency and VC oscillation in a specific cylindrical cavity is obtained. The expressions of mode expansion coefficients are derived. The results show that at longer cavity length, the microwave excited is more pure, this is in good agreement with experiment results. Analysis confirms that the closer is the characteristic freuency of a mode to the oscillating frequency of VC, the larger is the mode expansion coefficient.     

Self-consistent Simulation of self-pulsating two-section gain-coupled DFB lasers

The role of cavity conditions in the dynamics of two-section gain-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is investigated using a self-consistent model. Self-sustained pulsation (SSP) exists only for devices with strongly coupled DFB gratings. As the coupling strength increases, multiple SSP regimes are developed. The SSP frequency tuning range increases as cavity length decreases. The frequency and modulation index predicted by the model agree well with experimental results. The facet condition of each section is found to affect SSP differently because of the asymmetrical behavior of the modes responsible for SSP.     

复合腔锁模激光器超模噪声问题的研究

为了研究复合腔抑制超模噪声的问题,基于传输函数法建立了复合腔等效结构模型,从理论上分析了复合腔主动锁模光纤激光器的结构特性,论证了等效复合腔基频与两子腔腔长的关系。在1GHz射频调制频率下,给出了复合腔各参量与超模噪声的关系。结果表明,复合腔可以减小超模数目,超模噪声的抑制与单腔相比并不具有优势。该结果对复合腔主动锁模光纤激光器的实验研究有一定的参考意义。     

Intensity noise suppression and modulation characteristics of a laser diode coupled to an external cavity

Static and dynamic properties of a GaAlAs laser diode with an external cavity (1.5-50 cm) have been studied experimentally, it is found that the optical feedback induced intensity noise is strikingly suppressed by 30 dB when a single frequency oscillation is realized with good phase matching. The threshold of modulation depth, over which intensity noise increases abruptly, has been measured as a function of the modulation frequency in a range of 10-400 MHz. It has the maximum at about 40-70 MHz and increases with the decrease of the external cavity length. On the basis of the compound cavity model the phase and gain conditions for the single frequency oscillation are discussed and the threshold modulation depth is calculated, which is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Small-signal analysis of modulation characteristics in asemiconductor laser subject to strong optical injection

Injection locking of a semiconductor laser can induce major changes in the modulation characteristics of the laser. A small-signal analysis using the lumped element model shows that both the frequency and damping of the characteristic resonances of the coupled complex field and free carriers (gain medium) are modified. The detuning between the injected field and the free-running oscillating field, the amplitude of the injection field relative to the free-running field, the linewidth enhancement factor, the cavity photon and spontaneous carrier decay rates, and the field enhancement of the decay rate are all key parameters in determining the changes to the modulation characteristics. For a broad range of parameters, there is simultaneous enhancement of the modulation bandwidth and stable, locked operation. The enhancement is a cavity phenomena and does not occur in a traveling wave amplifier. It requires that the frequency of the locking field be detuned from the injection-modified frequency of the cavity resonance. This causes a resonant enhancement of the modulation sideband associated with the preferred frequency of the optical cavity. Bandwidth enhancements beyond the free-running laser limit are possible over a range of injection levels and injection frequency detunings     

Practical expression for frequency deviation due to insertion hole in cylindrical cavity

One of the most widely used techniques for dielectric material characterisation is the partially filled circular cavity. To make these measurements the dielectric material is introduced into the cavity through a circular hole whose effects in the resonant frequency are traditionally neglected. A very simple expression is introduced to model this frequency deviation that improves the classical one. It takes into account the saturation effect that appears when materials with high permittivities are measured. The expression is obtained using circuital analysis and monomode approximation.     

Quantum collapse and revival of Rydberg atoms in cavities ofarbitrary Q at finite temperature

Numerical calculations on the Jaynes-Cummings model in a cavity of arbitrary Q at finite temperature, using the master equation approach, are discussed. Effects due to mismatch of the atomic transition frequency and cavity mode frequency are included. Results relate to recent experiments on ⁸⁵Rb Rydberg atoms     

Minimum bit rate of DPSK transmission for semiconductor laser with a long external cavity and strong linewidth reduction

A numerical model for a laser diode, weakly coupled to an external cavity, is presented. Using this model, the actual frequency noise spectrum is considered rather than a white frequency noise for estimating the minimum bit rate in a differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK)-system. Despite possible linewidth reductions by up to 200 with long external cavities, the minimum bit rate (BER = 10^-9) remains nearly unchanged. However, a longer laser cavity (approx600 mum) connected to an external cavity of moderate length ( ≈10 cm) yields a significant reduction of the minimum bit rate (BER = 10^-9) for DPSK-systems at low feedback levels. If more stringent criteria are applied (e.g., receiver penalty < 1 dB) the minimum bit rate remains high also for longer laser cavities.     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器特性的分析

研究了光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器(FBG-ECL)的理论模型;根据等效腔模型,讨论耦合系数对FBG-ECL阈值特性的影响,指出存在最佳光纤光栅反射率,使得激光器不仅功率输出大、而且边模抑制比高;利用等效腔长的手段,分析了腔长对光子寿命的影响,并结合速率方程讨论了FBG-ECL的高频响应特性;最后实测了不同反射率情况下激光器的激射光谱。     

Input impedance of rectangular microstrip patch antenna withiso/anisotropic substrate-superstrate

The modified Wolff model (MWM), which is an improved version of the cavity model, is presented to compute the resonance frequency and input impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna under the isotropic/anisotropic substrate-superstrate configuration. The model has accuracy better than 1.5% for both the resonance frequency and resonant resistance, as compared against the results of the method of moments (MOM) and experimental results     

Measurement of frequency shift in a gyrotron oscillator

A ballistic model of the interaction mechanism in gyrotron amplifiers and oscillators has been discussed in prior communications. It is the objective of the present contribution to support such purely theoretical investigations with some experimental evidence. In this connection it has been decided to measure the output frequency of a gyrotron oscillator and note its shift from the resonance frequency of the cavity when ‘cold’. According to the ballistic interaction model the frequency shift is a function of the beam current, the anode voltage and the axial magnetic field. It is shown that, except for a single parameter which depends on the exact value of the electromagnetic energy stored in the cavity, reasonable agreement can be achieved between theoretical predictions and the corresponding experimental results. A single-cavity gyrotron oscillator operating in a TE₀₂ mode has been used in the investigations.     

A New Transmission Line Microcavity Model for Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

In this paper we present a new transmission line microcavity model for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL). The model is based on optical wave equations and implemented with state-space techniques to predict the lasing modes and analyze the decay properties of the Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities. The model is used to analyze microcavities in both time and frequency domains in terms of material and physical parameters of the lasers, and provide a simple and fast way to optimize the cavity length, reflective mirror and active region of the lasers.