铁皮石斛原球茎增殖培养基配方的优化

[目的]获得铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.)原球茎组织培养的最佳培养基配方.[方法]用正交试验筛选出6-BA、NAA、KT 最佳的浓度配比,并考察各因素对铁皮石斛原球茎增殖率的影响.[结果]铁皮石斛原球茎增殖的最佳培养基配方为1/2MS+2.0 ms/L 6-BA+0.5 ms/L NAA+1.0 ms/L KT.[结论]该研究为工业化生产铁皮石斛原球茎及其有效成分,推进铁皮石斛工厂化育苗奠定了基础.     

Chemically-defined medium for growth and differentiation of mixed epithelial and connective tissues in organ culture

The effect on tissue differentiation and growth in vitro of certain of the factors implicated in collagen synthesis (ascorbic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate and oxygen) and the influence of hydrocortisone was studied using organ cultures of fetal mouse mandible as a mixed epithelial and connective tissue system. Using serum-free Waymouth's MB 752/1 chemically-defined medium, addition of high levels of ascorbic acid (300mug per ml), hydrocortisone (1mug per ml) and oxygen (95%) enhanced differentiation in a number of tissues, in particular skin and appendages, tooth germs and bone, while osteoid and dentine production were noticeable promoted. It is suggested that an essential aspect of media design for organ culture involves the incorporaation of collagen-promoting factors to the in vitro enviornment particularly with regard to the controlling role implicated for collagen in a variety of biological processess.     

Chemical constituents of the roots of Bupleurum longicaule Wall. ex DC. var. franchetii de Boiss and B. chaishoui Shan et Sheh

From the roots of Bupleurum longicaule var. franchetii, B. chaishoui and the official species B. chinense, ten saikosaponins have been isolated and identified as saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, saikosaponin c, saikosaponin e, saikosaponin b2, 2"-O-acetylsaikosaponin a, 3"-O-acetylsaikosaponin a, 3"-O-acetylsaikosaponin d, 6"-O-acetylsaikosaponin a and 6"-O-acetylsaikosaponin d respectively. It has been shown that the chemical constituents of these three Bupleurum plants are very similar, therefore, the medicinal value of B. longicaule var. franchetii and B. chaishoui is further verified.     

All-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation of rat mammary epithelial cells cultured in serum-free medium

STUDY DESIGN: Effects of the systemic administration of anti-inflammatory drugs on cauda equina adhesion after lumbar laminectomy were evaluated in rats. OBJECTIVES: To obtain basic data on preventive measures for lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Laminectomy-induced cauda equina adhesion has been proved by rat experiments and postoperative serial magnetic resonance imaging tests in humans. In rats, laminectomy induces an increase in vascular permeability, resulting in cauda equina adhesion. METHODS: Wistar rats laminectomized from L5 to L6 were divided into three groups: the control group received only vehicle solutions, the indomethacin group received oral indomethacin for 7 days, and the steroid group was administered intraperitoneal methylprednisolone for 3 days. At 24 hours and 3 weeks and 6 weeks after laminectomy, cauda equina adhesion and leakage of a protein tracer from the nutrient vessels were histologically compared in the three groups. RESULTS: Both indomethacin and methylprednisolone significantly suppressed cauda equina adhesion and protein leakage from the nutrient vessels at 24 hours after laminectomy. Rats treated with the anti-inflammatory drugs showed diminution of cauda equina adhesion and the neural degeneration at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after laminectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-inflammatory drug administration before and after laminectomy suppressed cauda equina adhesion as well as facilitating recovery from cauda equina adhesion.     

Effects of Lanthanum and Europium on Rooting of Plantlet Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. in vitro

ＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ (ＲＥＥｓ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｓｐｅｃｉａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｓｔｒｕｃ ｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ .ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ＲＥＥｓａｓｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｓｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌ ｔｕｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｕｓｅｄ .ＮｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｆｉｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｐｏｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｈａｔＲＥＥｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉ…     

An agar medium for direct enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus: pork plasma medium for S. aureus (PPSA)

A selective agar medium (pork plasma medium for S. aureus (PPSA)) enables the direct enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci. This medium is based on the Baird-Parker agar without egg yolk and is supplemented with pig plasma. Colonies of Staphylococcus aureus are surrounded by a halo of precipitated fibrin. When foods such as dairy products contain large numbers of egg yolk-negative strains of S. aureus, the PPSA agar has the advantage over egg yolk containing media such as Baird-Parker agar that fewer suspect colonies have to be confirmed.     

南钢1号高炉炉墙结厚处理

研究了南钢1号高炉生产中遇到的炉墙结厚问题,运用理论指导逐步将生产恢复到正常水平。     

邯宝一高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高原因分析

邯宝一高炉自2013年开始出现炉缸侧壁温度升高的现象,而且频率逐渐增加,温度最高点不断攀升,主要对其原因进行了分析,认为其原因为陶瓷杯侵蚀后碳砖不断侵蚀,以及碳砖与冷却壁之间也存在间隙。     

Understanding roles: A psychodynamic model for role differentiation in groups.

The basic roles that emerge in groups are described in terms of a typology based on 3 biological imperatives: evaluation (i.e., good or bad), gender, and hierarchy. The mental matrix model based on these imperatives identifies 14 cardinal and emotional deep roles. The author argues that deep roles are born out of a biogenetically explicated mythic (narrative) structure of mind that is modified by early child–family interactions. In interaction with the environment, these primordial role fantasies become features of group reality. Their basis in the evolution of the human species and their imprint in folklore as well as in personality structure are illustrated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality differentiation in a police-selection interview.

Investigated the selection policy of an Australian police department's oral interview board in terms of personality differentiation among interviewees through the administration of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) to a sample of 150 men and 129 women applicants for police service. Principal components analysis of the interview ratings indicated that 2 components reflected the dimensions of assessment for both samples. The 1st component, which accounted for 50% of the interview variance, had moderate associations with a cluster of CPI scales that suggested a selection policy concerned with social conformity among the men. There was no pattern that reflected a systematic selection policy for the women in the 1st component. The 2nd interview component was based on educational measurements for both samples. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age-related differences in achievement goal differentiation.

Validity of the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework for school-aged children and adolescents was examined, using self-report responses from 1,196 Korean elementary and middle school students. Confirmatory factor analysis models hypothesizing 4 distinct achievement goal factors demonstrated the best fit in all age groups. Nevertheless, achievement goals of these young students were strongly correlated with each other, regardless of the goal definition or valence. The correlation became increasingly weaker with the increasing age of the respondents. Students in Grades 1–4 endorsed a mastery-approach goal most strongly, but those in Grades 5–9 endorsed a performance-approach goal. Performance-avoidance and mastery-avoidance goals received significantly lower average ratings than did the 2 approach goals in all age groups. Whereas both mastery-approach and performance-approach goals correlated positively with self-efficacy, strategy use, and performance in math, only the performance-approach goal correlated positively with anxiety. Anxiety also correlated positively with the 2 avoidance goals. A performance-avoidance goal further demonstrated positive correlation with help-seeking avoidance, whereas a mastery-avoidance goal did so with strategy use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychophysical evidence for a shared representational medium for mental images and percepts.

The intuition that imagery is similar to perception has led many psychologists to assume that imaging an object consists of activating some of the same representational structures that are activated during the perception of that object. This assumption was tested in 2 experiments with 23 undergraduates by measuring the effects of visual imagery on concurrent visual perception. The experimental task consisted of a 2-interval forced-choice detection task (no stimulus identification required) during which the S imaged a particular stimulus. In Exp I, a matching image led to better detection than a nonmatching image. Interactions between imagery and perception implied a common locus of activity, and the content-specific interactions obtained implied that the common locus consisted of representational structures. In Exp II, a matching image facilitated perception only when the image and the stimulus were in the same position, suggesting that the shared representational structures occurred at an analog level of perceptual representation. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

宁钢2号高炉炉缸侧壁温度的控制

基于对炉缸侧壁温度和凝铁层关系的认识,对宁钢2号高炉炉缸侧壁温度的控制规律进行了阐述。2号高炉生产实践表明,通过采取控制入炉有害元素含量、减少炉温和碱度的波动、减少热负荷的波动、增加铁口深度、降低软水进水温度,以及提高实际风速和动能等措施,对减少凝铁层波动有利。2017年以来,2号高炉未采用钛矿护炉,也未大幅度降低冶炼强度,但炉缸侧壁温度的控制水平得到明显提高。     

Human drug self-administration in a medium of exchange.

In a laboratory setting, a medium of exchange procedure was used to study factors relevant to drug taking. Participants could earn an income, respond to obtain cigarette puffs, and purchase puffs. Across sessions, either the work required for money increased while the work required for puffs remained constant, or vice versa (puffs always cost $0.25 each). Each manipulation was conducted twice, once when they could keep income not spent on puffs, and once when they could not. The two manipulations had equivalent effects on drug taking when income could be spent only on puffs; both manipulations decreased drug taking in equal magnitudes. When participants could keep income not spent on puffs, however, the two manipulations had different effects. Participants spent less on puffs and consumed less when it was the work required for puffs that increased. These and other results show the utility of the medium-of-exchange procedure and the unit-price metric for evaluating basic features of the drug-taking environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的处理

对武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的处理过程进行了总结。认为原燃料质量下降、高炉处于护炉生产状态、铜冷却壁冷却强度较大、INBA设备故障导致高炉经常憋炉是导致1号高炉炉墙结厚的主要原因。采用热洗炉和强烈发展边沿气流等措施,分三个阶段对炉墙结厚进行处理,20天后炉况彻底恢复正常,主要技术经济指标明显改善,利用系数提升至2.485,燃料比降至491.6 kg/t。     

Electrophysiological evidence for a shared representational medium for visual images and visual percepts.

Systematic effects of imagery on visual signal detection performance have been used to argue that imagery and the perceptual processing of stimuli interact at some common locus of activity (Farah, 1985). However, such a result is neutral with respect to the question of whether the interaction occurs during modality-specific visual processing of the stimulus. If imagery affects stimulus processing at early, modality-specific stages of stimulus representation, this implies that the shared stimulus representations are visual, whereas if imagery affects stimulus processing only at later, amodal stages of stimulus representation, this implies that imagery involves more abstract, postvisual stimulus representations. To distinguish between these 2 possibilities, we repeated the earlier imagery-perception interaction experiment while recording event-related potentials (ERPs) to stimuli from 16 scalp electrodes. By observing the time course and scalp distribution of the effect of imagery on the ERP to stimuli, we can put constraints on the locus of the shared representations for imagery and perception. An effect of imagery was seen within 200 ms following stimulus presentation, at the latency of the 1st negative component of the visual ERP, localized at the occipital and posterior temporal regions of the scalp, that is, directly over visual cortex. This finding supports the claim that mental images interact with percepts in the visual system proper and hence that mental images are themselves visual representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new improved medium for antibiotic susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae

In order to assess the effectiveness of the agar plate dilution method for susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae, different media were used. A total of 2,210 N. gonorrhoeae strains were tested on eight different media. The best results were obtained with G.C. base medium (Difco) enriched with 0.1% Isovitalex and 1.5% lysed horse blood and by using a bacterial inoculum with the opacity of No. 1 McFarland nephelometric standard. This medium yielded constant results and 98.6% of the N. gonorrhoeae strains grew well on the control plates.     

Gender and Culture Differences in Emotion.

In this article, the authors report a secondary analysis on a cross-cultural dataset on gender differences in 6 emotions, collected in 37 countries all over the world. The aim was to test the universality of the gender-specific pattern found in studies with Western respondents, namely that men report more powerful emotions (e.g., anger), whereas women report more powerless emotions (e.g., sadness, fear). The authors expected the strength of these gender differences to depend on women's status and roles in their respective countries, as operationalized by the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM; United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2002). Overall, the gender-specific pattern of women reporting to experience and express more powerless emotions and men more powerful emotions was replicated, and only some interactions with the GEM were found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Culture and psychology in Hong Kong.

Comments on a discussion of clinical psychology in Hong Kong by D. Ho (see record 1986-15498-001). It is argued that Ho's otherwise admirable article is marred by the misidentification of Maslow and Rogers as "modern prophets of individualism," as both would have accepted Ho's synthesis of Western individualism and Chinese collectivism. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment adherence and differentiation in individual versus family therapy for adolescent substance abuse.

Treatment adherence and differentiation in dynamic cognitive-behavioral therapy and multidimensional family therapy for adolescent substance abuse were evaluated with a treatment adherence process measure. Full-length videotapes of 90 treatment sessions (36 clients) were reviewed by nonparticipant raters. Adherence scales for each treatment generated through factor analysis of observational ratings demonstrated sound interrater reliability and internal consistency. Therapists in each condition used techniques unique to their own model and avoided those unique to the competing model. Individual therapists emphasized behavioral and substance-use interventions, whereas family therapists focused on interactional and affective interventions. Challenges in conducting adherence research that compares individual and family treatments are addressed, as are implications of these results for advancing treatment development for adolescent drug users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)