Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the derivatives of ricinoleic acid polymers

A number of esters were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with ricinoleic acid polymers and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with decanoic acid, undecanoic acid and oleic acid esters of ricinoleic acid dimer, trimer, tetramer and hexamer showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Dehydrates of ricinoleic acid polymers also showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from half esters of dimer acids

A number of half esters were prepared from the reaction of alcohols with dimer acids and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with lower-alcohol half esters of dimer acid showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the adducts of diamines and acid chlorides

A number of N,N′-diacylalkyldiamines were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,12-diaminododecane and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of N,N′-dihexanoyl-1,8-diaminooctane and N,N′-isobutyroyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous emulsions of N,N′-dibutyroyl-, dipentanoyl-, dihexanoyl- and dioctanoyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good lubricities and antimicrobial activity for water-based cutting fluids.     

Adducts of cyclic acid anhydrides and fatty amines as anti-rust additives in water-based cutting fluids

A variety ofN-alkyl carboxylic acid amides was prepared from the reaction of cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and various amines, and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. The triethanol amine salts of the adducts of maleic anhydride with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine and oleylamine, and the one of phthalic anhydride with octylamine showed both good anti-rust and antimicrobial activity.     

Eco-Friendly Vegetable Oil-Based Metalworking Fluid (MWFs) from Modification of Glycolyzed Products of Polyurethane

In order to produce environmentally friendly and efficient metalworking fluids and also to reduce the impact of waste polyurethane polymer in the environment, polyurethane polymers were recycled in a novel process. Waste polyurethane foam was glycolyzed using polyethylene glycol 400 to give the glycolyzed product (GPU). The GPU was esterified using oleic acid, linoleic acid, and acids obtained from hydrolysis of rapeseeds oil, coconut oil, and castor oil to obtain GPUO, GPUL, GPUA, GPUB, and GPUC, respectively. The prepared additives were used as emulsifiers in the formulation for metalworking fluid application in the presence of rapeseed oil, coconut oil, and castor oil as environmentally friendly oils. The results showed good stability of the prepared water-vegetable oil emulsions. The pH, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity at 40 and 100 °C, surface tension, and anticorrosion tests of the prepared formulation showed acceptable results compared with the published data for several metalworking fluid formulations.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the reaction products of hydroxyl fatty acids with some acid anhydrides

Several adducts were prepared from the thermal reaction of hydroxyl fatty acids (ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid oligomers, oleyl alcohol, dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, and dimer acid) with maleic anhydride and screened as water-soluble cutting fluids. For example, aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with the products of ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid dimer, and 12-hydroxysteric acid hexamer showed good antirust properties for waterbased cutting fluids. Various half esters of hydroxyl fatty compounds with acid anhydrides were prepared. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of half esters of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride with hydroxyl fatty acids gave good antirust and antiwear properties for waterbased cutting fluids.     

Treatment of metalworking fluids: development of a bioconsortium for the treatment of nanofiltration permeate

Traditional treatment methods of waste metalworking fluids produce an aqueous phase containing toxic components and with a high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In this paper, a biological solution is proposed to further reduce both the effluent COD and its toxicity. A method to develop a bioconsortium from microbes found in the waste metalworking fluid is proposed. The development took place in three phases: feasibility, bioconsortium development and optimisation. Flask tests have been used to show the feasibility of using the metalworking fluid indigenous microbial community for the degradation of the nanofiltration permeate of the metalworking fluid. A suspended bioreactor allowed the development of a better‐adapted consortium. Finally, a fixed bed bioreactor inoculated with the developed bioconsortium was set up and run for 8 months to test the bioconsortium's robustness and to optimise the biological process. A bioconsortium was successfully developed using a simple method and a 90% reduction in the original nanofiltration COD level was achieved by the fixed bed bioreactor. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

水基金属加工液种类及添加剂的选用

介绍了水基金属加工液的发展演变过程,说明了不同种类的水基金属加工液的分类标准、特点及典型配方,重点介绍了不同应用条件下不同种类的水基金属加工液所使用的添加剂的类型,主要包括润滑剂(含边界、极压润滑剂EP)、防锈剂、腐蚀抑制剂、乳化剂、杀菌剂等.     

腐植酸在油田钻井液中的应用

腐植酸作为降滤失剂、页岩抑制剂、降粘剂广泛应用于油田钻井液,其缓蚀性能,阻垢性能及杀菌性能也有待开发。通过阐述腐植酸在油田钻井液中的传统应用及应用前景,期望在今后开发出一种环保的多功能的钻井液处理剂。     

Polyoxyalkyleneamine as shale inhibitor in water-based drilling fluids

According to the conventional evaluation methods of drilling fluids, the inhibitive property of polyoxyalkyleneamine (POAM), which was prepared in the laboratory, to sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was investigated, and the shale cuttings recovery ratio and the rheological properties of drilling fluids were measured before and after adding POAM in several water-based drilling fluids. The results showed that POAM was completely water-soluble, exhibited the superior performance to inhibit the hydration of Na-MMT and reduced the swelling or hydration of shale cuttings effectively. In addition, the determination of the biological toxicity and compatibility of POAM indicated that POAM was low toxic and compatible with other common drilling fluid additives.     

和谐机车膨胀水箱防锈工艺研究

介绍了和谐机车膨胀水箱防锈要求,采用乳化型水溶性防锈剂能够满足零件表面在有水和潮湿状态下的防锈要求,重点介绍了防锈工艺流程。     

水溶性防锈添加剂的合成

以三乙醇胺、硼酸、十二烯基丁二酸为原料合成高性能防锈剂硼酸三乙醇胺酯十二烯基丁二酸酰胺,产品具有很好的防锈能力。     

N-油酰基谷氨酸的合成及其在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

将油酸酰氯与谷氨酸在碱性溶液中反应制得N-油酰基谷氨酸,用IR对其结构进行了表征;利用四球磨损试验机考察了植物菜籽油中加入N-油酰基谷氨酸的摩擦学性能,通过测定不同添加含量、不同条件下的最大无卡咬负荷(PB)、烧结负荷(PD)、磨斑直径(WSD)和摩擦系数(μ),分析和研究了载荷、添加剂含量对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响.试验结果表明,N-油酰基谷氨酸可以显著提高菜籽油的承载能力和抗磨性能,且具有良好的防锈性.     

N-油酰基谷氨酸的合成及其在矿物油中的摩擦学性能研究

将油酸酰氯和谷氨酸在碱性溶液中反应制得N-油酰基谷氨酸,用IR对其结构进行了表征;利用四球磨损试验机考察了HVI350矿物基础油中加入N-油酰基谷氨酸的摩擦学性能,通过测定不同添加含量,不同条件下的最大无卡咬负荷(PB)、烧结负荷(PD)、磨斑直径(WSD)和摩擦系数(μ),分析和研究了载荷、添加剂含量对矿物油摩擦学性能的影响。试验结果表明:N-油酰基谷氨酸可以明显提高HVI350矿物油的承载能力和抗磨性能,且具有良好的防锈性。     

New water-soluble metal working fluids additives from phosphonic acid derivatives for aluminum alloy materials

Water-soluble metal working fluids are used for processing of aluminum alloy materials. This short paper describes properties of new additives for water-soluble cutting fluids for aluminum alloy materials. Some alkyldiphosphonic acids were prepared with known method. Amine salts of these phosphonic acids showed anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials. However, they have no hard water tolerance. Monoesters of octylphosphonic acid were prepared by the reaction of octylphosphonic acid dichloride with various alcohols in the presence of triethylamine. Amine salts of monoester of octylphosphonic acid with diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether and triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether showed both of a good anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials and hard water tolerance.     

硼酸酯防锈添加剂性能初探

以合成的硼酸酯为主剂,经正交试验优选出一种具有防锈性和抗菌性的多功能添加剂。此添加剂可用于水基切削液,水溶性涂料中。     

汽车车架涂装前处理工艺研究

介绍了车架电泳涂装前处理的工艺:即钢板酸洗、工序防锈、脱脂、表面调整、磷化。并分析了不同前处理工艺对涂装效果的影响,总结了车架电泳涂装前处理的优缺点。     

Characteristic properties of water-soluble cutting fluids additives for iron materials

This review article describes preparations and properties of various types of water-soluble cutting fluids additives derived from various materials. It is concerned with synthetic additives classified according to their functional groups: carboxylic acids, esters, dibasic acids, ethers, amides, substituted fatty acids and others for iron materials. Testing methods for water-soluble cutting fluids are described on ways for laboratory and practical tests for factory.     

Destabilization‐Enhanced Centrifugation of Metalworking Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Effect of Demulsifying Agents

The effect of a commercial flocculant (Alpacon® WS009) and two coagulant salts (CaCl₂ and AlCl₃) on the stability of metalworking oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions was examined. Two O/W emulsions were tested: a fresh emulsion, prepared in the laboratory from a commercial concentrate, and a waste metalworking emulsion, provided by a local waste management company, with initial oil concentrations of 32900 and 16900 mg/L, respectively. The emulsion stability was studied at different demulsifier concentrations, temperatures and pH through centrifugation tests, zeta potential and multiple light scattering measurements. Emulsion breakdown is explained by electrostatic repulsion of oil droplets and steric interactions. The former was observed for the laboratory emulsion, while the latter was observed for the waste emulsion. Aluminum chloride was the only effective agent for demulsifying both emulsions.     

水性纳米改性苯丙防锈底漆的研制

本试验选用无皂聚合工艺制备的水性苯丙防锈乳液为基料,氧化铁红与三聚磷酸铝组成防锈体系,添加纳米SiO_2浆料,制备的水性纳米改性苯丙防锈底漆性能达到溶剂型醇酸防锈涂料的水平,并分析了乳液、防锈颜料、纳米SiO_2对水性苯丙防锈底漆性能的影响。