难加工材料高速切削过程中切削力的非线性特征规律析因研究

综合应用析因试验设计与拉丁超立方抽样试验设计,对难加工材料马氏体不锈钢进行了高速铣削试验。在分析其切削力的非线性特征规律基础上,建立了高速切削难加工材料工艺中切削力与背吃刀量、每齿进给量和切削速度之间的非线性数学模型。试验结果表明,高速切削难加工材料时,背吃刀量和每齿进给量之间的交互作用对切削力有显著影响;切削力与切削用量间确实存在非线性特征规律;切削用量对切削力的影响效应随切削用量的变化而发生改变。     

高强度钢高速加工时切削力尺度效应特征规律研究

在切削速度118m/min～463m/min,每齿进给量0.078mm/z～0.2mm/z,切削深度0.2mm～1mm范围内,研究高速端面铣削某新型高强度钢材料(>42HRc、抗拉强度σb>1.2GPa)过程中切削力的变化规律,考察切削用量对铣削力的交互影响与尺度效应规律,并从切削变形机理上进行讨论与分析,使用残差分析与最小二乘法等统计方法,建立切削力与切削用量经验公式。研究结果表明:高速铣削时,切削深度、每齿进给量和两者之间的交互作用为对主切削力有显著影响的效应因素;该类型高强度钢的单位铣削力为45调质钢的1.0729倍～1.7917倍;非自由切削过程在高速切削条件下将会引发切削力的尺度效应。     

微细铣削7075铝合金的切削力研究

为研究切削用量对微细铣削7075铝合金切削力的影响,采用正交试验法进行微细铣削7075铝合金的切削仿真研究,得到多组不同的切削力。对微细铣削仿真结果进行极差分析,得到切削用量对切削力影响程度的主次顺序及最优切削方案。通过微细铣削7075铝合金的切削试验,将仿真和试验结果作对比分析,验证了微细铣削仿真模型的准确性及合理性。在此加工仿真模型基础上,进一步采用单因素试验法进行了微细铣削仿真,分析了微细铣削7075铝合金时不同切削用量对切削力的影响规律。研究结果表明：切削用量影响微细铣削7075铝合金切削力的主次顺序从大到小依次为背吃刀量、切削速度和每齿进给量;背吃刀量与切削力成正比,切削速度则与之成反比。     

微量油膜附水滴切削液加工对切削力影响的试验研究

为探索研究微量油膜附水滴(OoW)切削液在车削中对切削力的影响,选出较适宜的切削用量,通过正交试验方案,分别研究在干切削和OoW切削两种不同加工方式下,切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量等切削参数对车削45#碳素结构钢时主切削力的影响。经多元线性回归处理,建立切削力经验公式。结果表明:在使用OoW切削液润滑的情况下,主切削力变化范围较大,但采用较高切削速度、较低进给量、较大的背吃刀量时,主切削力较干切削时有明显下降。     

面铣刀铣削钛合金时切削参数对切削力影响规律的仿真

为了研究面铣刀铣削钛合金时背吃刀量、铣削速度和进给量对刀齿所受切削力的影响,建立面铣刀铣削钛合金的模型。采用单因素实验法,基于ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对所建模型进行铣削仿真,在不同背吃刀量、铣削速度和进给量的条件下,分别对刀齿切削力的变化规律进行分析。研究表明：面铣刀铣削钛合金时,背吃刀量的改变对切削力影响程度最大。在中高速铣削条件下,使用小背吃刀量和大进给量,可以降低切削力,提高刀具寿命。     

切削参数对钛合金叶片铣削力的影响分析

进行钛合金叶片加工时,切削力易导致加工变形,影响加工精度和表面质量。因此利用UG软件建立钛合金叶片和切削刀具的三维模型,采用仿真软件建立铣削仿真模型,研究分析了切削参数的变化对铣削力产生的影响。对仿真所得铣削力进行极差分析,判断切削参数对铣削力的影响情况,并通过实际铣削加工试验对比仿真数据验证其准确性和可行性,基于此仿真模型对切削参数对轴向力的影响程度进行了单因素分析。研究结果表明：铣削钛合金叶片时,切削参数对切削力的影响程度从大到小依次为切削速度、背吃刀量和每齿进给量;切削速度与轴向力成反比,每齿进给量和背吃刀量与轴向力成正比。     

基于正交试验的高速切削淬硬模具钢的切削力研究

通过正交设计方案,对淬硬到60HRC的冷作模具钢Cr12MoV进行高速车削切削力试验,分析了切削用量和刀具变量对切削力的影响规律,并建立了切削力的经验公式。得到如下结论:切削用量中,切削速度对切削力影响最小,进给量和背吃刀量对切削力影响较大;三个方向力中,轴向力最小,径向力和主切削力相接近,与常规切削相比,径向力偏大;小刀尖圆弧半径的PCBN刀具是进行高速切削淬硬钢时的理想刀具;经验公式预测值与实测值之间存在约5%-20%的误差。     

陶瓷刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢的切削力试验研究

对3种复合陶瓷材料刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr17Ni7)进行研究,建立了正交切削试验方案.通过试验研究了切削用量对三向切削力的影响,利用指数回归分析建立了3种刀具的主切削力经验公式,并结合切削用量显著性分析对主切削力进行了对比分析.试验结果表明在采用较小进给量和较小切削深度进行切削时,会出现了背吃刀力大于主切削力的现象；切削速度及进给量对主切削力的影响最大；3种刀具中CT2刀具的主切削力最大.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金切削加工的数值模拟

采用DEFORM软件建立三维有限元模型对切削过程进行数值模拟,研究了不同切削速度、背吃刀量和进给量的切削用量三要素对切削力F和切削温度θ的影响。结果表明,在切削用量三要素中,对切削力F影响的主次顺序为切削速度进给量背吃刀量;对切削温度θ影响的主次顺序为背吃刀量进给量切削速度,模拟结果与之前的试验结果基本吻合。分析切削力和切削温度可预测Ti6Al4V钛合金的最佳工艺参数,对揭示Ti6Al4V钛合金切削加工过程的基本规律具有实际意义。     

高速铣削司太立合金切削力的研究

司太立合金是一种以钴、铬、钨为主要元素的硬质合金,较多用于以金属粉末的形式在各种基体金属表面进行堆焊,堆焊层具有耐高温、耐磨损、抗腐蚀等优点,但其切削加工性较差。通过建立司太立合金的高速铣削仿真模型,研究了铣削参数对铣削力的影响规律,建立了主切削力经验公式。结果表明,在研究参数范围内,铣削参数对主切削力的影响显著性由大到小的顺序为：每齿进给量、轴向切深、径向切深、切削速度,其中主切削力的变化与切削速度呈负相关,与每齿进给量、轴向切深和径向切深呈正相关。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.