La_2O_3掺杂对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂SCR性能的影响

通过共沉淀法将La组分掺入到TiO_2载体中,采用浸渍法将V和W组分负载到La_2O_3-TiO_2复合氧化物上,制备出V2O5-WO3/La_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂。考察不同La_2O_3掺杂量对其NH3催化还原NO性能的影响,同时通过多种物理化学手段进行表征分析。XRD,NH_3-in situ DRIFTS,H_2-TPR,XPS和UV-vis DRS测试结果表明,元素La与Ti以La-O-Ti键相互作用,生成高度分散的镧物种,也使得TiO_2具有更好的热稳定性,但由于LaO_x物种与VO_x物种和WO_x物种之间的相互作用,降低了催化剂的氧化还原性和表面Brnsted酸数量,从而降低了其催化活性。     

Effects of Rare-Earth La2O3 Addition on Microstructures and Electrical Properties of SrTiO3 Varistor-Capacitor Dual Functional Ceramics

Generally, metal oxide varistors used for the pro tection of electrical circuits are based on ZnO andTiO2[1,2]. ZnO varistor, which is widely used due toits high non linearity coefficient, is composed of ZnOceramics with minor oxide additive…     

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

Effect of La_2O_3 on the wear behavior of MoSi_2 at high temperature

Wear behaviors of MoSi2 doped with La2O3 against SiC under different loads at 1000 oC in air were investigated by using an XP-5 type high temperature friction and wear tester. The worn surfaces and phases of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Results showed that the addition of La2O3 could obviously improve wear resistance of MoSi2. Because of the formation of MoO3 phase on the worn surface, La2O3/MoSi2 composite mainly exhibited oxidation and abrasive wear, which was different from the wear form of MoSi2 such as adhesion, oxidation and abrasion.     

Ultrasonic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Presence of Y2O3 Doping Anatase TiO2 Catalyst

Various affecting factors and degradation mechanism were studied on ultrasonic degradation of methyl orange adopting Y2O3 doping anatase TiO2 catalyst prepared in laboratory.In the experiment, the UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to follow and inspect the degradation process of methyl orange.The results indicate that the ultrasonic degradation ratios of methyl orange in the presence of anatase TiO2 catalyst are much better than those without catalyst.Moreover, the catalytic performance of Y2O3 doping anatase TiO2 catalyst is obviously higher than that of anatase TiO2 catalyst without doping.The optimal conditions were adopted in this work and the degradation and COD elimination ratio of methyl orange got to98% and 99.0% in 90 min, respectively.     

Bi2O3、Dy2O3掺杂对8YSZ导电性能的影响

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了分别掺Bi2O3和Dy2O3的8YSZ前驱体凝胶,凝胶在500℃预烧,压制成圆片状后在1 300℃煅烧2 h。分别研究Bi2O3和Dy2O3的不同掺量对试样的致密度、电导率的影响。结果表明Bi2O3可促进试样的烧结,在300～400℃掺Bi2O3可提高试样的电导率,在400～700℃掺Bi2O3使试样的电导率下降。在8YSZ试样中掺Dy2O3后,试样的致密度、电导率均降低。     

A Study on La2O3－Y2O3－Mo Secondary Emission Material

The substrate molybdenum doped with La2O3, Y2O3 cathode material was made by the powder metallurgy method. The secondary emission coefficients of the materials were tested. The experimental results show that Mo cathodes doped with La2O3, Y2O3 have good secondary emission properties. When the cathodes are activated, the maximal secondary emission coefficients of these cathodes are higher than 2.0 and can meet the practical requirement. The distribution of the rare earth in the interior and at surface of this kind of cathode material before and after emission was studied using Scanning Electronic Microscopic (SEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrum(XPS). The analysis results show that the rare earth is easy to gather at grain boundaries and the relevant concentration of rare earth on the surface after emission is obviously greater than that before emission.     

Fe2O3、Cr2O3掺杂对4YSZ导电性能的影响

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了分别掺Fe2O3和Cr2O3的4YSZ前驱体凝胶,凝胶在500℃预烧,压制成圆片状后在1 300℃煅烧2 h得到所需试样;分别研究Fe2O3、Cr2O3的不同掺量对试样的烧结性能、电导率的影响。结果表明掺Fe2O3可提高试样的电导率和烧结性能;掺Cr2O3可提高试样的低温电导率,但使试样的烧结性能下降。     

掺杂方式对Mo—La合金断裂韧性及掺杂粒子显微结构的影响

分别采用液-固和液-液掺杂方式向钼粉中引入氧化镧,用粉末冶金方法烧结出Mo合金。通过透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了不同掺杂方式制备的Mo—La2O3材料中第二相颗粒的粒度分布、形貌,以及钼合金的断口形貌。试验结果表明液-液掺杂方法有利于细化、分散La2O3;液-液掺杂试样的断裂韧性优于液-固掺杂试样。并通过位错塞积理论讨论了La2O3的粒度分布对钼合金性能的影响。     

Study of cerium ion in (Y0.95La0.05)2O3:Ce

(Y0.95La0.05)2O3: Ce3+ nano-powder was synthesized by co-precipitation method and sintered at 800 and 900 oC. All the samples were cubic phase characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The samples sintered at the lower temperature exhibited luminescence. According to the distinguishable structure of Ce 3d peaks and the shift of O 1s lines in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), luminescence was further confirmed to originate from Ce3+ ions. Effects of introducing La3+ into Y2O3 were discusse...     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Monolithic Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst——Effects of Rare Earths and Other Basic Promoters

A series of monolithic Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with and without basic promoters (Na, Sr, La, Ce) were prepared. Partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas was carried out in a continuous-flow, fixed-bed reactor. The influences of reaction conditions, including temperature, CH4/O2 ratio and space velocity, on the performance of the catalyst were investigated. The results show that at a high space velocity of 1×105 h-1, optimal CH4 conversion can be obtained. Effects of promoters such as Na, Sr, Ce, La were also investigated, and the catalyst samples were characterized by means of temperature-programmed reduction and XRD techniques. XRD suggests that the addition of promoters has no influence on the crystal structure of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The results show that the addition of a small amount of promoters improves the reducibility and activity of the catalyst. The side reaction CH4 2 O2→CO2 H2O, is fully restrained and 100% H2 selectivity is achieved when Ce and La are used as promoters, respectively.     

CuTa_2O_6掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3基微波陶瓷烧结动力学及微波性能

结合烧结动力学模型和微观形貌观察,研究未掺杂和掺杂CuTa_2O_6的Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷在1 270~1 520℃温度范围内的致密化过程和烧结动力学机理。结果表明:在1 150℃以上烧结,随温度升高,Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3的烧结机制从体积扩散向晶界扩散转变。掺杂0.25%CuTa_2O_6可显著加快Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷的烧结致密化过程,在显著降低烧结温度的同时,可大幅缩短烧结时间并有效地促进B位的有序化。掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷在1370℃烧结12h即可获得96%的相对密度,在1 370℃烧结12 h后的介电常数(εr)和品质因数(Q·f)分别约为29.4和985 35;相比较,未掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3在1 520℃烧结12 h的εr和Q·f分别只有27.4和68 147。掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷经1 520℃烧结48 h的εr和Q·f分别约为28.2和103 131。     

固体法制备Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂及其光催化性能

采用3种不同的顺序制备了镧镍复合氧化物前驱体后,再在这3种物质上用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂。用XRD、TEM分别对催化剂表面结构、表面形貌进行了表征,以CO2和H2O光催化合成甲醇反应为探针反应研究了不同的制备方法对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:先混合碾磨并一起焙烧后再处理的Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂,其光催化活性最强,而先分开碾磨后一起焙烧再处理的催化剂光催化活性其次,而机械混合后再一起处理的催化剂对目的反应没有光催化活性。其中0.5%Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂的催化效果最好。     

Y2O3对NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷涂层热腐蚀性能影响行为研究

本文利用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF),在20G钢表面制备了掺杂1wt.%、3wt.%、5wt.%三种不同含量Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷复合涂层,并探究了其在650℃,Na2SO4/K2SO4熔盐环境中的热腐蚀性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、拉伸试验机等对涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱、X射线能谱仪(EDS)对复合涂层热腐蚀产物形貌、物相进行分析。结果表明掺杂1wt.%Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层结构致密、孔隙率低、结合强度高,显微硬度达到801HV。热腐蚀过程中掺杂Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层表面均生成耐蚀性良好且致密的Cr2O3膜。随着Y2O3掺杂量的增加,涂层的耐热腐蚀性能先升高后下降,当Y2O3掺杂量为1wt.%时,复合涂层表现出最佳的耐热腐蚀性能。     

Rare earth oxide modified Cu-Mn compounds supported on TiO₂ catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia and in lean oxygen

Selective catalytic oxidation(SCO) of ammonia was carried out over Cu-Mn compounds catalysts modified with trivalent rare earth oxide Ce2O3 and La2O3 respectively.TiO2 was used as support and different ratio of O2 were tested in order to find an appropriate O2 concentration(vol.%),and the results showed that 1%O2(vol.%) was propitious to SCO of ammonia.The effects of the two rare earth oxides modified catalysts Ce2O3-Cu-Mn/TiO2 and La2O3-Cu-Mn/TiO2 on the catalytic activity and selectivity of ammonia oxidation were investigated under the reaction condition of 500 ppm ammonia,1%O2(vol.%),at the temperature from 125 to 250 oC.The results revealed the beneficial role of Ce2O3 and La2O3 in catalytic activity at low temperature and lean oxygen concentration,while the modification with Ce2O3 and La2O3 led to the negative influence on N2 selectivity.For the catalysts modified with Ce showed lower NO and N2O selectivity than the catalysts modified with La,then the effects of different Ce loadings on catalytic activity and selectivity were also considered,in combination with catalysts preparation methods,which include incipient wet impregnation,sol-gel method and co-precipitation.Results revealed that the catalysts prepared by sol-gel method obtained preferable catalytic activity compared with the others,reaching 99% ammonia at 200 oC,whereas 96% NO was detected.It also indicated that different catalyst preparation method significantly determined production distribution.     

Characterization of SPEEK/Y2O3 proton exchange membrane treated with high magnetic field

The membranes of sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) of 48.3% sulfonation degree doped with Y2O3 were prepared, and then treated with parallel high magnetic field of 6 and 12 T at 120 oC for 4 h, respectively. The small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the struc- ture of the composite membranes would be changed by high magnetic field treatment. The cross-section morphology of the composite membranes by a scanning electron microscope showed that the Y2O3 could be dispersed evenly in the composite membranes which were relatively smooth and compact but formed small conglomeration with increasing Y2O3 content and treating high magnetic field. The water uptake of membranes would be reduced with Y2O3 content increasing, but not be modified by the treatment of high magnetic field. The proton conductivity of membranes would be increased with temperature rising from 20 to 60 oC, and improved under high magnetic field, which could all exceed 10-2 S/cm at 75% relative humidity, but decrease with doping content of Y2O3 from 2 wt.% to 8 wt.%. The methanol permeability of the composite membranes would be decreased with Y2O3 content increasing and slightly reduced after high magnetic field treatment.     

Infrared spectroscopy analyses of air-CH4 or air-CO gas flows interacting with polycrystalline CeO2, La2O3 and Lu2O3 oxides

A comparative study of reactivity between air-CH4 or air-CO gas flows and CeO2, La2O3 and Lu2O3 rare earth oxides was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of CO2 gas resulted from the conversion of CH4 or CO gases. Polycrystalline samples of CeO2, La2O3 and Lu2O3 were first prepared by specific precipitation methods followed by low temperature calcination process. In the case of Lu2O3 oxide, a new specific route was proposed. Crystallite dimensions were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Morphologies were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Specific surface areas were determined from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. Using infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conversion rates of CH4 or CO into CO2 were determined from the evolutions of CO2 vibrational band intensities, as a function of time and temperature. It was clearly established that, despite its low specific surface, the Lu2O3 oxide presented the highest capacity of conversion of CH4 or CO into CO2.     

Influence of [La(EDTA)]~- on pore structure of activated alumina carrier at high-temperature

The activated alumina as a catalyst carrier were widely used in automotive exhaust catalysts under high temperature,such as,petroleum refining catalysts,hydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization catalyst carrier in China and abroad.γ-Al2O3 was the catalyst carrier that was the most widely used and the best carrier of improved specific surface area .However,the activation of the coating consisted of γ-Al2O3 were usually transformed into α-Al2O3 at 800 oC,causing increased density,reduced specific surface area,and the collapse result of pore structure.While the temperature reached 1200 oC,activation of coating detached from the carrier,the resistance of flowing gas increased,catalytic activity decreased.Addition of La2O3 stabilized the γ-Al2O3 crystal structure,which would keep the activation stability of coating at a high temperature and inhibit activity loss.The activated alumina carrier treated with the solid-pore-expanding agent containing [La(EDTA)]-that synthesized using solid and solid-hybrid approach with the thermal stabilizer lanthana and EDTA at the high-temperature had a 10-30 μm large pore porous network-like structure,after alumina was calcined at 1200 oC for 1 h.The specific surface area of four specimen were beyond 120 m2/g,while the sample specific surface area of x([La(EDTA )]-)=1% was up to 150.36 m2/g.     

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Luminescent Properties of Y2SiO5:Tb

Photoluminescent(PL) and cathodoluminescent(CL) properties of rare earths (Sc3 , La3 , Gd3 and Lu3 ) doped (Y0.97Tb0.03)2SiO5 were studied. Rare earth doping clearly influences PL and CL properties of Y2SiO5:Tb. For La3 doped system, PL intensity increases nearly 10% at x=0.05 whereas for Lu3 doped system, the intensity increases about 20% at x=0.20. Gd3 doping and Sc3 doping reduce the intensity; at x=0.3, it is reduced about 30% for Gd3 doped system and about 15% for Sc3 doped system, respectively. Quenching concentration of activator became higher in rare earth doped samples, which may be understood by that the rare earth dopants might dilute the concentration of the activator. Additionally, doping also influences the color saturation of Y2SiO5:Tb. Sc3 , La3 , and Gd3 doping improve the color saturation, whereas Lu3 doping decreases the color saturation. CL measurements show that CL intensity increases for all rare earths doped systems. The energy transfer from Gd3 to Tb3 was discussed.     

CeO2-Co3O4 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared by a co-precipitation method. In combination with the characterization methods of N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and FT-IR, the influence of the cerium content on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co3O4 was investigated. The results indicate that the prepared CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts exhibit a better activity than that of pure CeO2 or pure Co3O4. The catalyst with the Ce/Co atomic ratio 1 ： 16 exhibits the best activity, which converts 77% of CO at room temperature and completely oxidizes CO at 45 ℃.