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1.
The effect of oxidative and oxidative‐reductive bleaching on the colorimetric, topographical, and mechanical properties of soybean fabric has been investigated by yellowness index, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, Kawabata evaluation system for fabrics, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to examine both the bulk and surface properties. Surface changes to the soybean fiber due to bleaching treatments have been evaluated and the protective effect of protein hydrolysates assessed. Improved tensile strength, flat abrasion performance, and handle maintenance of the soybean fabric was demonstrated with the incorporation of Byco C in both bleaching treatments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 相似文献
2.
Nylon fabric was consecutively treated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and octadecylamine (OA) to improve its hydrophobicity. We proposed that PAA could be used as a mediator between nylon and OA to provide a high density of the carboxyl moiety. TEOS was used to increase the surface roughness of the nylon fabric by hydrolysis and condensation, and OA was used to reduce the surface energy of the nylon fabric with its long alkyl chains. Both the increase in the surface roughness and the reduction in the surface energy contributed to the improvement of the hydrophobicity of the nylon fabric. The hydrophobicity of the treated nylon fabric was evaluated by the measurement of the water contact angle, water resistance to spray, and hydrostatic pressure. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the surface roughness of the nylon fabric was significantly increased by treatment with TEOS. The nylon fabric with the PAA/TEOS/OA consecutive treatment exhibited a water contact angle of 125°, a resistance to water spray of 90, and a hydrostatic pressure of 275 mm. It was interesting to find that the PAA/TEOS/OA consecutive treatment slightly enhanced the wrinkle recovery but had no apparent effects on the degree of whiteness and the breaking strength of the nylon fabric. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42456. 相似文献
3.
An N‐halamine monomer, 3‐allyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), was synthesized by a Gabriel reaction of 5,5‐dimethylhydantoin and 3‐bromopropene. Antimicrobial coatings of poly[1‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐1‐methyl)ethylene] were prepared on plasma‐treated PET fabrics via a vapor‐phase assisted polymerization (VAP) process using gasified ADMH as monomer. The coatings endow the PET fabrics with an antimicrobial efficiency greater than 80% for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after chlorination of the N‐halamine polymer with dilute bleach solution. The obtained antimicrobial effect has remarkable durability that can bear over 30 times of stringent laundering tests. Compared with other antimicrobial finishing methods, the VAP methodology offers great advantages in needless of organic solvents and small consumption of monomer. It has potential applications in a wide variety of fields such as hygienic clothing, underwear, socks, and medical textiles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41824. 相似文献
4.
A (meth)acrylate copolymer grafted with long fluorinated side chains (AGLF) was synthesized successfully through a two‐step procedure. First, a carboxyl terminated fluoropolymer, poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) was synthesized by conventional radical polymerization in the presence of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid as chain transfer agent. And then the fluoropolymer was grafted to the in‐house synthesized polyacrylate (MMA‐r‐BA‐r‐GMA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to verify the synthesis of AGLF. Moreover, the surface properties were investigated by contact angle measurement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results proved that a small amount of poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) addition can create a hydrophobic surface effectively. Furthermore, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that it is the AGLF grafted with longer fluorinated side chain that have more fluorine atoms enriched on the surface and thus performed better hydrophobicity and lipophobicity. Testified by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, it was found that AGLF films have excellent thermal properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45894. 相似文献
5.
Hybrid composite microspheres with nano‐Si as the core and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) as a shell are successfully prepared by a two‐step polymerization technique, which includes dispersion polymerization of styrene and 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol for surface modification of nano‐Si followed by microsuspension polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in an aqueous phase for encapsulating nano‐Si into an SAN copolymer matrix. The structure and surface properties of modified nano‐Si are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle. The hybrid composite microspheres are systematically characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the FTIR spectra and the contact angle experiments, it was determined that a hydrophobic polymer layer was formed on the surface of nano‐Si. TEM showed that nano‐Si was homogeneously dispersed in SAN particles when the loading capacity of nano‐Si in the hybrid composite microspheres was less than 20 wt %. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that there were large amounts of nano‐Si absorbed on the surface of the hybrid composite microspheres, and the mean particle size became much larger when the loading amounts of nano‐Si reached 25 wt %. From this, it can be inferred that nano‐Si overflows from the inner core to the outside surface in the emulsification process and acts as an inorganic dispersant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43101. 相似文献
6.
In this article, we report that thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was successfully grafted onto a cotton fabric (CF) surface by free‐radical solution grafting polymerization; we obtained a thermoresponsive CF‐grafted PNIPAAm. This reaction system only contained four constituents: the monomer, solvent, initiator, and CFs. Ammonium peroxydisulfate was chosen as the initiator, and water was chosen as the solvent. A series of initiator concentrations and grafting polymerization temperatures were used in the experiments, and their effects on the grafting ratio (G) were also studied. Also, the effects of the G of CF‐g‐PNIPAAm on their corresponding thermoresponses was studied further. The structure of CF‐g‐PNIPAAm was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The G of CF‐g‐PNIPAAm was measured by a gravimetric method. The thermoresponse of CF‐g‐PNIPAAm was characterized by modulated differential scanning calorimetry, water contact angle measurements, and wetting time measurements. The experiments manifested the following results: (1) the initiator concentration and grafting polymerization temperature both influenced G, (2) the grafted PNIPAAm covered the CF surface, (3) the CF‐g‐PNIPAAm showed thermoresponsive hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and (4) a relationship existed between the thermoresponse of CF‐g‐PNIPAAm and the corresponding G. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41193. 相似文献
7.
In this article, the superhydrophobic and antibacterial surface on the cotton fabric were fabricated with the UV curable waterborne coatings, the silver nanoparticles, and the stearic acid. The cotton fabric coated with silver stearate was obtained by immersing in a mixture of sodium hydroxide and then modified by stearic acid. Results showed that the water contact angle on the surface of the fabric was 157.6°. The micromorphology and chemical ingredients of the surface of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and X photoelectric spectrometer. Results showed that the immersion resulted in a double decomposition reaction and with the modification of the stearic acid, the silver stearate was formed on the surface, which provided a rough surface required for super-hydrophobicity. And the acid and alkali resistance test, water-resistance test, and antibacterial activity test indicated that the coating had good acid and alkaline resistance, water-resistance, and antibacterial properties. 相似文献
8.
A novel surface modification method for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers to improve the adhesion with epoxy matrix was demonstrated. Polyethylene wax grafted maleic anhydride (PEW‐g‐MAH) was deposited on the UHMWPE fibers surface by coating method. The changes of surface chemical composition, crystalline structure, mechanical properties of fiber and composite, wettability, surface topography of fibers and adhesion between fiber and epoxy resin before and after finishing were studied, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra proved that some polar groups (MAH) were introduced onto the fiber surface after finishing. The X‐ray diffraction spectra indicated that crystallinity of the fiber was the same before and after finishing. Tensile testing results showed that mechanical properties of the fiber did not change significantly and the tensile strength of 9 wt % PEW‐g‐MAH treated fiber reinforced composite showed about 10.75% enhancement. The water contact angle of the fibers decreased after finishing. A single‐fiber pull out test was applied to evaluate the adhesion of UHMWPE fibers with the epoxy matrix. After treatment with 9 wt % PEW‐g‐MAH, a pull‐out force of 1.304 MPa which is 53.59% higher than that of pristine UNMWPE fibers was achieved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46555. 相似文献
9.
4-(Perfluorobutyl)styrene, 4-(Perfluorohexyl)styrene, 4-[Perfluorobutyl(tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)]styrene (C4F9 SF4 styrene), and 4-[Perfluorohexyl(tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)]styrene (C6F13 SF4 styrene) were prepared in two or three steps. The short-chain perfluoroalkyl groups are modified through the insertion of tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl linked groups ( SF4 ). The prepared perfluoroalkyl styrene acts as functional monomers to react with butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate for emulsion copolymerization to obtain side-chain fluoropolymers. The long-chain fluoropolymer formed in contrast to the tetrafluorosulfanyl ( SF4 ) modified ones. The emulsions were applied on cotton fabrics to give hydrophobicity. The result showed that the fabrics treated with tetrafluorosulfanyl-modified fluoropolymers were more hydrophobic, indicating that the introduction of SF4 was beneficial to provide lower surface energy and obtain better water repellent performance. The water contact angles record the varying degrees of variation in polymer degradation under UV exposure. The result showed that, as the perfluoroalkyl is bonded by SF4 , when comparing with the carbon-chain perfluoroalkyl polymer, the tetrafluorosulfanyl-modified fluoropolymer is more degradable during UV irradiation. 相似文献
10.
A two‐stage stabilizer addition protocol is suggested for reducing the size and improving the uniformity of polymer beads resulting from conventional suspension polymerization. The stabilizer load was divided into an initial charge and a secondary addition. The use of a low concentration of stabilizer in the initial charge served to assist drop rupture while avoiding significant reduction in drop size and production of too many satellite droplets. The secondary addition time of stabilizer occurred just before the onset of the growth stage when drops were vulnerable to coalescence but robust against break up due to their high viscosity. The secondary addition of stabilizer served to provide stability to monomer drops during the growth stage and as a result the drops underwent limited coalescence. This resulted in the formation of smaller and more uniform polymer beads in comparison to beads obtained by conventional suspension polymerization at the same overall concentration of stabilizer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45671. 相似文献
11.
Poly(phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) was first used as matrix to fabricate the two‐dimensional SiCf/PBO composites by a lamination method. Different amounts of coupling agent were introduced to improve the bonding between silicon carbide (SiC) fibers and the PBO matrix during the fabrication of the SiCf/PBO composites. The surface structure and composition of the as‐received PBO and PBO treated with the coupling agent were analyzed, and the morphology and flexural strength of the composites were characterized. The Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the hydroxyl groups from the coupling agent were successfully introduced to PBO. The flexural strength of the composites increased at first with increasing content of the coupling agent but decreased with excessive addition of the coupling agent. The flexural strength of the composites was improved from 15 to 89 MPa. The test results suggested that the interaction between the SiC fiber and the treated PBO with the coupling agent was intensified. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39805. 相似文献
12.
Cotton fabric was successfully modified using a simple mist polymerization with polyurethane (PU) prepolymer and ethylene glycol as the monomers. Scanning electron microscope showed the presence of a very thin polymer coating on the cotton fiber surface. Martindale abrasion tests revealed that the thin PU coating imparted to the cotton fabric a doubled wearing durability compared with the original fabric. Additional experiments demonstrated that the mist polymerization has little impact on the desired cotton properties such as water absorptivity, vapor transmissibility, mechanical property, and flexibility. Considering the excellent balance between the enhanced abrasion resistance and the cotton natures, this surface modification methodology has potential to fabricate wearing durable textiles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43024. 相似文献
13.
Carmela De Marco Valeria Oldani Claudia Letizia Bianchi Marinella Levi Stefano Turri 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(32)
A bio‐inspired surface treatment to make fabrics omniphobic is reported, exploiting the ability of dopamine – a widespread naturally occurring biological neurotransmitter – to give substrate adhesion and surface immobilization. Standard polyester and polyacrylonitrile fabrics, which are intrinsically rather hydrophilic, are first dip‐coated in an aqueous solution of dopamine and then treated with a fluorocarbon‐based solution. After the treatment, fabrics show a strong omniphobic behavior, while remaining quite permeable to water vapor. The efficiency of the proposed biomimetic treatment is investigated by Optical Contact Angle, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the mechanical durability of the surface treatment is tested through Martindale abrasion resistance measurements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42404. 相似文献
14.
In this study, chicken feather was functionalized with 2-Bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB) where methyl acrylate (MA) was grafted through Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) catalyzed by copper wire. Feather-g-PMAs with three different target degrees of polymerization (Dp) were prepared fast. Besides, molecular mass of PMA was closely associated with the theoretical value; PMA also exhibited relatively low polydispersity (~1.17). The catalyst was removed through simple washing, and thus a colorless product was yielded. However, Cu(0)-mediated RDRP in the presence of the unmodified chicken feather caused the loss of control. Feather-g-PMA with a short graft chain exhibited a uniform interface coated on the feather fiber. Because the grafted PMA and the feather substrate had a strong interaction, and the graft ratio was less, there was only one stage of decomposition, and no glass transition temperature was detected. We detected a rough surface on feather-g-PMA with a longer graft chain and observed the glass transition of PMA and obviously two stages of decomposition. After densely graft, the hydrophilicity of chicken feather decreased. These feather-g-PMAs exhibited better compatibility in organic solvents (e.g., acetone and toluene). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48246. 相似文献
15.
An adsorbent for CO2 capture was prepared by the grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) onto viscose fibers (VFs); this was followed by amination with triethylene tetramine (TETA). The effects of the reaction conditions, such as the concentrations of the monomer, initiator, and nitric acid, on the grafting degree and grafting efficiency were studied. The adsorption performance of the adsorbent for CO2 was evaluated by fixed‐bed adsorption. The highest dynamic adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for CO2 was 4.35 mmol/g when the amine content of the adsorbent VF–AN–TETA reached 13.21 mmol/g. Compared with the polypropylene (PP)‐fiber‐based adsorbent (PP–AN–TETA), VF–AN–TETA with hydroxyl groups on the fibers facilitated the diffusion of CO2 and water and led to a higher CO2 adsorption capacity than that of PP–AN–TETA. The VF–AN–TETA adsorbent also showed good regeneration performance: its CO2 adsorption capacity could still retain almost the same capacity as the fresh adsorbent after 10 adsorption–desorption cycles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 132, 42840. 相似文献
16.
Fluorinated organic–inorganic hybrid coatings with interpenetrating network for corrosion protection of tinplate were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetraethoxysilane and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, followed by radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate. The highly crosslinked organic network was developed and attached to the inorganic moieties through covalent Si–C bonds. The hybrid coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their anticorrosion performances were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray test. The results indicated that the fluorinated hybrid coatings exhibited excellent anticorrosion ability by forming a hydrophobic physical barrier between tinplate substrate and its external environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42428. 相似文献
17.
Pursuit of robust antifouling coatings is a persistent objective for marine materials. We present here the experimental realization of a series of polyacrylamide‐based resins with a self‐generating hydrogel layer, arising from the polymerization of acrylamide (AM), butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, and AM derivatives. The mechanical strength and thermal stability are markedly enhanced due to the change of the structure of modified resins. The preliminary results indicate that resultant resins with crosslinking structure show satisfactory abrasion resistance and swelling properties. The results of antifouling panel testing in shallow submergence for three months reveal that the addition of AM derivatives leads to generation of a thin soft and dynamic layer of hydrogel, which enhances antifouling properties. The formation of hydrogel and self‐generating property make it promising in various antifouling applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44111. 相似文献
18.
A novel method is presented for the construction of a hierarchical microstructure/nanostructure via the chemical self‐assembly of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) particles on polyester fibers. The textile of the particle‐bound fibers possessed smart wettability and an oil‐absorbing capacity. The wettability was dependent on the initial contact angle and spreading time of water droplets on the particle‐bound textile, which could be controlled with the content of acrylic acid inserted into the polymer chains. The wettability of the particle‐bound textile was responsive to the pH value. In addition, the textile was superoleophilic on an air–solid surface and could absorb oil quickly from water. The oil‐absorbing capacity could be controlled by the alteration of the pH value. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46834. 相似文献
19.
Shuko Suzuki Edeline Wentrup‐Byrne Adrienne Chandler‐Temple Nevil Shah Lisbeth Grøndahl 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(47)
Grafting of monoacryloxyethyl phosphate onto expanded polytetrafluoroethylene was achieved using simultaneous grafting with the aim of improving the membrane wettability and mineralization capacity. This study explored the effect of adding calcium ions to the grafting solution and observed increased graft yield and wettability when compared with samples grafted in the absence of calcium ions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy mapping found the graft copolymer to be distributed in a patchy manner across the surface as well as throughout the membrane. Through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was found that calcium ions were incorporated into the graft copolymer and could be extracted using a basic ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution without reduction in graft yield. This implies that the presence of calcium ions is affecting the graft yield by increasing the local concentration of monomer near the surface during the grafting process. Investigation of the mineralization capacity of the grafted membranes in simulated body fluid revealed that the increased wettability of the membranes rather than the presence of the calcium ions affected the mineralization outcome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42808. 相似文献
20.
In this article, aramid fibers III were surface modified using an ammonia‐plasma treatment to improve the adhesive performance and surface wettability. The surface properties of fibers before and after plasma treatment were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The interfacial shear strength of each aramid fibers III‐reinforced epoxy composites was studied by micro‐debonding test. The ammonia‐plasma treatment caused the significant chemical changes of aramid fibers III, introducing nitrogen‐containing polar functional groups, such as ? C? N? and ? CONH? , and improving their surface roughness, which contributed to the improvement of adhesive performance and surface wettability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40250. 相似文献