麦饭石/ZnO复合材料的吸附及光催化机制研究

以尿素、六水硝酸锌为原料,利用水热法制备了麦饭石/ZnO的复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线荧光光谱仪、能谱仪、比表面积测定仪对样品的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。在可见光照射下,以酸性品红为降解物,研究麦饭石/ZnO复合材料的吸附及光催化性能,并通过动力学模型来模拟酸性品红被降解的过程。结果表明,麦饭石加入并没有对ZnO的花瓣形貌产生影响,但对其吸附及光催化性能影响很大。随着麦饭石的含量的增大,比表面积、吸附及光催化性能出现先增大后减少的现象。当麦饭石含量为7%时,由于样品的比表面积最大,电子复合几率最低,所以吸附和光催化效率均达到最大值。     

纳米ZnO/电气石复合粉体的制备及其对亚甲基蓝光催化性能的研究

以NaOH、ZnSO4·7H2O和电气石为原料,采用室温固相法制备纳米ZnO/电气石复合粉体。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体的物相及形貌进行了表征,并考察了复合粉体对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明,纳米ZnO可紧密地包覆在电气石表面形成ZnO/电气石复合粉体。光催化降解实验、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱分析等测试表明,添加电气石粉体可有效地提高ZnO/电气石复合粉体的光吸收能力、荧光发射能力以及对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。     

ZnO/CNTs复合材料的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用水热法制备了一系列氧化锌和碳纳米管的复合材料(ZnO/CNTs),详细考察了碳纳米管的含量对复合材料光催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对样品的结构、形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并用亚甲基蓝溶液模拟污染物,评价了ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明:添加CNTs提高了ZnO的比表面积,增强了ZnO的可见光吸收。ZnO/CNTs复合材料较纯ZnO具有更高的光催化活性,并且随着CNTs含量的增加,ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化活性呈先增加后减小的趋势。当CNTs的含量为0.3%(质量分数)时,ZnO/CNTs复合材料的光催化活性最高,经过50 min光照后,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到了96.2%。     

RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料的合成及光催化性能

采用水热合成法制备ZnO纳米棒及RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料。研究不同含量的RGO对RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料光催化活性的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)及漫反射紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)检测手段对RGO/ZnO进行表征。结果显示:RGO与ZnO纳米棒成功复合。加入GO的含量不同,获得的RGO/ZnO样品在可见光区域的吸光度值不同。以甲基橙作为模拟污染物的光催化结果表明,RGO/ZnO复合材料具有高的紫外-可见光光降解效率,加入GO与ZnO的质量比为3%时,样品紫外-可见光光催化性能最佳,120min内甲基橙基本可以完全降解;且在波长大于400nm可见光照射下,RGO/ZnO具有一定的可见光活性,180min内其降解甲基橙效率最大可达26.2%。同时,RGO/ZnO具有较好的光稳定性。     

热聚合法制备ZnO/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂及其光催化性能研究

以尿素、乙酸锌为前驱体,采用热聚合方法制备ZnO/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见光光谱及X射线电子能谱,对样品的晶体结构、形貌及光学性质进行表征。以紫外灯为光源,以酸性红(AR)为废水降解模型考察复合材料的光催化活性。结果表明:制得的复合光催化剂光催化性能要好于纯g-C_3N_4,且当ZnO∶g-C_3N_4=0.5∶1(摩尔比)时,光催化活性最高。复合后的光催化剂对反应底物有更强的吸附能力,能更有效地抑制电子-空穴的复合。进一步对AR的降解机理进行了探讨,发现超氧根自由基(O-·2)是使AR有效降解的活性物种。     

ZnO/TiO2复合材料的制备及其光学特性

采用水热法在锌片上制备出棒状ZnO,将TiO2溶胶旋涂在棒状ZnO上得到ZnO/TiO2新型复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及UV-Vis漫反射(DRS)等研究样品的微观形貌、晶型结构、光学特性。研究表明:375℃焙烧后,TiO2附着在ZnO纳米棒表层,随着溶胶旋涂层数的增加,其形貌呈现出多维花状结构。通过光催化降解甲基橙模拟废水考察其光催化性能,实验结果表明,ZnO/TiO2复合半导体的多维结构使其对紫外-可见光吸收增强,对甲基橙模拟废水(20mg/L)的降解率高达94.7%,具有优异的光催化性能。     

不同形貌聚苯胺/氧化锌复合材料的制备与光催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过水热法制备了球形、棒状和花形的纳米氧化锌;并利用原位聚合法制备了对应形貌的氧化锌/聚苯胺复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段,对氧化锌及复合物进行了结构表征。以次甲基蓝为模拟污染物,在紫外灯下考察了复合物材料的光催化性能和动力学特征。结果表明,聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化锌(ZnO)复合材料的光催化性能远高于纯纳米ZnO,而不同形貌的PANI/ZnO其光催化降解效率也不同,依次为球形>棒状>花形;PANI/ZnO(球形)的失水温度和分解温度与纯PANI相比分别提高了123.3℃和47.6℃。光催化动力学研究表明,以球形和棒状氧化锌为原料制备的PANI/ZnO复合材料符合一级动力学,PANI/ZnO(花形)复合物符合二级动力学。     

不同形貌聚苯胺/氧化锌复合材料的制备与光催化性能

通过水热法制备了球形、棒状和花形的纳米氧化锌;并利用原位聚合法制备了对应形貌的氧化锌/聚苯胺复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段,对氧化锌及复合物进行了结构表征。以次甲基蓝为模拟污染物,在紫外灯下考察了复合物材料的光催化性能和动力学特征。结果表明,聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化锌(ZnO)复合材料的光催化性能远高于纯纳米ZnO,而不同形貌的PANI/ZnO其光催化降解效率也不同,依次为球形>棒状>花形;PANI/ZnO(球形)的失水温度和分解温度与纯PANI相比分别提高了123.3℃和47.6℃。光催化动力学研究表明,以球形和棒状氧化锌为原料制备的PANI/ZnO复合材料符合一级动力学,PANI/ZnO(花形)复合物符合二级动力学。     

低温液相法制备掺铁氧化锌及其光催化活性

探索低温液相法合成掺Fe的Fe∶ZnO,Fe∶Zn摩尔比为0.01~0.03,通过调整氢氧化钠的量来控制氧化锌的微观形貌,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、荧光光谱(PL)对所合成的材料进行表征,采用紫外照射测试样品对甲基橙的光催化降解率。结果表明:在80℃水溶液环境下低温合成及随后干燥,成功制备出了掺杂不同Fe含量的Fe∶ZnO纳米片,所获得的样品均为纤锌矿结构,结晶度高。随着Fe掺杂量的增加,样品的紫外-可见吸收光谱红移,在可见光区吸收增大,带隙减小;适量的Fe掺杂可以降低样品光生电子与空穴的复合率,提高样品光催化性能。掺杂Fe量为1.5%的Fe∶ZnO的样品光催化降解甲基橙的效率最高,紫外光照反应5h后对甲基橙的光催化降解率相对于纯的ZnO提高了43.8%。     

稀土La离子掺杂ZnO复合材料的制备及光催化活性探讨

采用水热法制备ZnO,并以ZnO为载体掺杂稀土La离子,制得La/ZnO复合光催化剂。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法对制备的光催化剂的结构及形貌进行了表征,并考察了所制备的光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。结果表明:稀土La离子可成功负载到ZnO表面,且La/ZnO仍为六方晶系纤锌矿结构,掺杂稀土La离子并未改变其晶型结构。稀土La离子的掺杂可有效提高ZnO对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能,最高降解率可达到96.57%。     

Effects of mineral tourmaline particles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titania composite thin films (T/TiO2) containing tourmaline particles were prepared by a sol-gel method, using alkoxide solutions as precursor. The tourmaline particles and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so on. The effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were measured with methyl orange as an objective photodegradation substance. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange conformed to the first-order kinetic equation and the composite thin films had better photocatalytic activity due to the cooperation of polarity and the far infrared emission of tourmaline. The T/TiO2 thin films including 0.5 wt% tourmaline exhibited better photocatalytic activity when heat-treated at 250 degrees C for 3 h, than pure TiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet irradiation.     

CeO2/ZnO复合光催化剂制备及其可见光催化性能

采用微波超声法,以ZnO为基体原位生长CeO₂晶体,得到CeO₂/ZnO复合光催化剂。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、PL、UV-Vis DRS等方法对制备的材料进行表征,并通过可见光降解AF对样品的光催化性能进行评价。结果表明,ZnO为纳米片互相穿插形成的花形球状结构,其表面附着有纳米CeO₂颗粒,分散性较好。ZnO和CeO₂的摩尔比为20∶1的CeO₂/ZnO复合光催化剂在可见光下表现出良好的光催化活性,光照90 min后对AF的光降解率达到96.44%,较纯相ZnO和CeO₂有显著提高。CeO₂/ZnO的稳定性较好,6次使用后对AF的光降解率仍达到93.53%。机制研究发现,·O₂?是光催化降解AF过程中的主要活性物种。      

纳米ZnO-γ-Al_2O_3复合粉体的制备及其光催化性能

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用均相沉淀法制备不同ZnO负载量的纳米ZnO-γ-Al2O3复合粉体。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和氮气吸附对复合粉体的结构、表面形貌和比表面积进行表征。以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPE-10)为模拟污染物,对复合粉体的光催化性能进行评价。结果表明:ZnO成功负载到了γ-Al2O3表面,且负载量随着ZnO比例的增加而增加,当ZnO与γ-Al2O3质量比为2:1时,ZnO在γ-Al2O3表面形成均匀的薄膜,且这时的复合粉体催化性能最好。煅烧温度、复合物用量对其光催化性能有显著影响,300℃下煅烧所得的复合粉体,当添加量为0.3 g时,在紫外光下照射4 h后降解率可达到96%以上,重复使用6次后降解率仍可达90%以上。     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of hollow ZnO and ZnO-CuO composite spheres

ZnO and ZnO-CuO composite hollow spheres were fabricated by using colloidal carbon spheres as templates. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the as-prepared samples were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The photocatalytic activity of the hollow spherical products was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The results indicated that the ZnO-CuO composite hollow spheres display higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure hollow ZnO products. The related photocatalytic mechanism was discussed based on the microstructure and properties of the ZnO and ZnO-CuO composite hollow spheres. The facile strategy for the preparation of ZnO-CuO hollow nanostructures can be applicable to the synthesis of other composite hollow spheres.     

海绵状Ag2O/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及对甲醛的可见光降解

为克服纳米ZnO晶体可见光光催化活性低的缺点,以六水合硝酸锌、六亚甲基四胺和二水合草酸为原料,采用液相共沉淀-热分解法制备了六方纤锌矿型海绵状ZnO,然后在碱性条件下复合纳米Ag₂O颗粒,得到海绵状Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂,并采用XRD、FTIR、紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）、FESEM、TEM和BET测量仪对其进行了表征;采用可见光光源,甲醛（HCHO）液体为光催化反应模型物,研究了不同摩尔比下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂的暗吸附及光催化性能。结果表明,随着Ag₂O相对含量的增加,HCHO暗吸附效果出现先增大后减小的趋势,当Ag₂O与ZnO摩尔比为1∶5时,HCHO去除率达到43.34%;另一方面,在可见光下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂对HCHO的降解率呈先增大后减小的趋势,其中Ag₂O与ZnO的摩尔比为1∶10时取得最佳降解效果,经过90 min的可见光光照后HCHO降解率达到78%,总的HCHO去除率为85%。      

异质结型NiO/ZnO复合纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术, 以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和醋酸锌[Zn(CH₃COO)₂]为前驱体, 制备纯ZnO纳米纤维, 并以其为基质, 醋酸镍为镍源, 通过溶剂热法制备了NiO/ZnO复合纳米纤维. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以罗丹明Ｂ的脱色降解为模式反应, 考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明: NiO粒子均匀地负载到ZnO纳米纤维上, 得到了异质结型NiO/ZnO复合纳米纤维光催化材料, 与纯ZnO纳米纤维相比光催化活性明显提高, 且易于分离、回收和再利用。循环使用3次, RB的脱色率仍保持在89%以上。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by tourmaline–TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite catalyst

The TiO₂ supported on tourmaline composite catalyst was successfully prepared by a sol–gel method and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the addition of tourmaline increased crystallite sizes of TiO₂. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the tourmaline–TiO₂ composites obtained was evaluated by the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Compared with bare TiO₂, the tourmaline–TiO₂ composites exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of TBBPA and this degradation enhanced was correlated with the tourmaline dosages and the optimum photocatalyst is found to be T(20%)-TiO₂ catalyst. It implied that the higher dosage of tourmaline facilitated migration of charge carriers and higher photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. The photocatalytic reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The photodegradation efficiency of TBBPA enhanced with the increase in pH value. Additionally, metal ions influenced the photocatalytic degradation of TBBPA by T(20%)-TiO₂ catalyst, Cu²⁺ could accelerate TBBPA degradation, whereas inhibited by Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺. Importantly, five intermediate products of TBBPA at m/z 463, 355, 293, 255 and 137 were observed by HPLC–MS/MS. The possible photodegradation pathway of TBBPA by tourmaline–TiO₂ composite catalyst was proposed. Generally, the incorporation of mineral with spontaneous permanent poles to TiO₂ with photocatalytic activity offers a promising technology to the practical application of TiO₂ in contamination control.     

Self-assembly of the Ag deposited ZnO/carbon nanospheres: A resourceful photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in water

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) are synthesized by pyrolysis of benzene at 1000?°C. Various UV-light photocatalysts of ZnO/CNSs and Ag-ZnO/CNSs (AZCN) composites are synthesized on the surface of CNSs using a facile chemical precipitation method. Morphological and optical properties of the as-synthesized photocatalysts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye is investigated to examine the photocatalytic activity of synthesized photocatalysts. It is found that as-synthesized ZnO/CNSs composite can degrade higher methylene blue dye (～85.6%) after 25?min of UV irradiation in comparison with that of CNSs. A prominent improvement in the photodegradation is attained by depositing metal (Ag) particles on the surface of ZnO/CNSs composite. AZCN composite displays the enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance (～95% after 15?min of UV light) in high concentration of methylene blue dye. Furthermore, stability performance is studied by recycling the AZCN composite photocatalyst. It is found that the photocatalytic activity of AZCN composite is only slightly decreased even after five cycles. Present work demonstrates that AZCN composite show a great potential in the treatment of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment.     

石墨烯桥联的ZnO/Ag3PO4复合材料的制备及其对环丙沙星的降解性能

采用沉淀沉积法制备了石墨烯桥联的ZnO/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化材料,具有优异的可见光催化性能,通过XRD、XPS、SEM、EDS、BET、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、PL及ESR等表征手段对其晶体结构、形貌、光学性质等进行了表征及分析,并研究了不同氧化石墨烯比例的GO-ZnO/Ag₃PO₄复合材料对模拟抗生素废水环丙沙星(CIP)的光催化降解性能。由于GO及ZnO的引入,不仅增强了GO-ZnO/Ag₃PO₄对可见光吸收,且拥有了更高的电子-空穴对的分离效率。当GO与Ag₃PO₄的质量比为1%时,GO-ZnO/Ag₃PO₄显示出最佳的光催化活性,60 min可见光照后对CIP降解率可达85.3%。捕获实验表明,超氧自由基(·O₂?)是反应过程中的主要活性物质,ZnO与Ag₃PO₄之间形成了异质结,符合Z型电子转移机制,GO的引入进一步提高了电子的快速转移,并使Z型体系更加稳定。经过6次光催化循环,降解率依然保持在70%以上,表明GO-ZnO/Ag₃PO₄复合材料具有优异的稳定性。