A New Full‐Order Sliding Mode Observer Based Rotor Speed and Stator Resistance Estimation for Sensorless Vector Controlled Pmsm Drives

Sensorless control of a permanent magnetsynchronous motor (PMSM) at low speed remains a challenging task. In this paper, a sensorless vector control of PMSM using a new structure of a sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed. To remove the mechanical sensors, a full‐order (FO‐SMO) is built to estimate the rotor position and speed of PMSM drives. The FO‐SMO, which replaces a sign function by a sigmoid function, can reduce the chattering phenomenon. In order to overcome time delay, we cancel the low pass filter. This sensorless speed control shows great sensitivity to stator resistance and system noise. To improve the robustness of sensorless vector control, a full‐order SMO technique has been used for stator resistance estimation. A novel stator resistance estimator is incorporated into the sensorless drive to compensate for the effects of stator resistance variation. The validity of the proposed FO‐SMO with a 1.1 kw low‐speed PMSM sensorless vector control is demonstrated by experiments. In this paper, experimental results for FO‐SMO, back‐EMF SMO and MRAS techniques were obtained with fixed point DSP‐based (TMS320F240).     

基于滑模模型参考自适应观测器的无速度传感器三相永磁同步电机模型预测转矩控制

针对三相永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统,基于滑模变结构模型参考自适应(MRAS)技术,提出了一种新颖的无速度传感器模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)策略.采用滑模变结构模型参考自适应方法构造电机转速观测器,以改善速度估计精度并提高系统鲁棒性;利用模型预测转矩控制策略,以达到减小转矩和磁链纹波并提高系统控制性能的目的.仿真结果表明:就滑模MRAS观测器与MRAS观测器比较而言,基于前者的PMSM无速度传感器MPTC系统比基于后者的PMSM无速度传感器MPTC系统具有较强的鲁棒性和更好的动态性能;就MPTC与直接转矩控制(DTC)和磁场定向控制(FOC)比较而言,采用前者策略的无速度传感器电机驱动系统能够降低逆变器开关频率、减少相电流总谐波失真(THD),从而提高系统可靠性.     

A Robust Backstepping Sensorless Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Super‐Twisting Based Torque Observer

In order to achieve high‐performance speed regulation for sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMS), a robust backstepping sensorless control is presented in this paper. Firstly, instead of a real mechanical sensor, a robust terminal sliding mode observer is used to provide the rotor position. Then, a new super‐twisting algorithm (STA) based observer is designed to obtain estimates of load torque and speed. The proposed observer ensures finite‐time convergence, maintains robust to uncertainties, and eliminates the common assumption of constant or piece‐wise constant load torque. Finally, a sensorless scheme is designed to realize speed control despite parameter uncertainties, by combining the robust backstepping control with sliding mode actions and the presented sliding mode observers. The stability of the observer and controller are verified by using Lyapunov's second method to determine the design gains. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Intelligent control of doubly‐fed induction generator systems using PIDNNs

An intelligent control for a stand‐alone doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) system using a proportional‐integral‐derivative neural network (PIDNN) is proposed in this study. This system can be applied as a stand‐alone power supply system or as the emergency power system when the electricity grid fails for all sub‐synchronous, synchronous, and super‐synchronous conditions. The rotor side converter is controlled using field‐oriented control to produce 3‐phase stator voltages with constant magnitude and frequency at different rotor speeds. Moreover, the grid side converter, which is also controlled using field‐oriented control, is primarily implemented to maintain the magnitude of the DC‐link voltage. Furthermore, the intelligent PIDNN controller is proposed for both the rotor and grid side converters to improve the transient and steady‐state responses of the DFIG system for different operating conditions. Both the network structure and online learning algorithm are introduced in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control scheme is verified through experimentation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

A new non‐linear sliding‐mode torque and flux control method for an induction machine incorporating a sliding‐mode flux observer

In this paper a novel sliding‐mode control algorithm, based on the differential geometry state‐co‐ordinates transformation method, is proposed to control motor torque directly. Non‐linear feedback linearization theory is employed to decouple the control of rotor flux magnitude and motor torque. The advantages of this method are: (1) The rotor flux and the generated torque can be accurately controlled. (2) Robustness with respect to matched and mismatched uncertainties is obtained. Additionally, a varying continuous control term is proposed. As a result, chattering is eliminated without sacrificing robustness and precision. The control strategy is based on all motor states being available. In practice the rotor fluxes are not usually measurable, and a sliding‐mode observer is derived to estimate the rotor flux. The observer is designed to possess invariant dynamic modes which can be assigned independently to achieve the desired performance. Furthermore, it can be shown that the observer is robust against model uncertainties and measurement noise. Simulation and practical results are presented to confirm the characteristics of the proposed control law and rotor flux observer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ESO的无速度传感器PMSM系统自适应滑模FCS-MPC

为了提高三相永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制系统的性能,基于反双曲正弦函数的扩张状态观测器(ESO)技术,提出一种新颖的无速度传感器自适应滑模有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)策略,采用ESO技术构造PMSM系统转速和反电动势的观测器,实现对电机转速和反电动势快速准确估计.用带有负载ESO的自适应滑模控制作为系统的转速调节器,以提高系统的鲁棒性;利用基于快速矢量选择的FCS-MPC策略,达到减少转矩脉动、降低系统算法计算量的目的.仿真结果表明,基于ESO的无速度传感器自适应滑模FCS-MPC策略能够使PMSM系统可靠稳定运行,达到满意的转矩和转速控制效果.与基于积分型滑模面的自适应滑模FCS-MPC策略相比,所提出的控制策略能使系统具有良好的动态性能和抗负载干扰能力.     

基于滤波补偿和自适应观测的直接转矩控制

直接转矩控制(DTC)是继矢量控制技术后发展起来的一种新型的交流调速控制方法,但其在低速运行时存在较大的电流、转矩脉动,为了改善直接转矩控制系统的低速性能,提出一种新型的定子磁链低通滤波补偿和转速自适应观测相结合的直接转矩控制方法.该方法提高了定子磁链和转子转速的观测精度,改善了直接转矩控制系统的动静态性能.仿真和实验...     

基于扩张状态观测器的无速度传感器容错逆变器驱动永磁同步电机系统自抗扰模型预测转矩控制

针对三相四开关逆变器驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统,基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)技术,提出了无速度传感器的自抗扰模型预测转矩控制(ADRMPTC)策略.建立了三相四开关逆变器驱动PMSM系统的数学模型;采用ESO技术构造了PMSM系统转速观测器,以实现对转速快速准确地实时估计;用自抗扰控制器(ADRC)作为系统的转速调节器,以提高系统的鲁棒性;利用模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)方法,以达到减小转矩和磁链脉动的目的.所设计基于ESO的无速度传感器ADRMPTC策略能够使三相四开关逆变器驱动的PMSM系统可靠稳定运行,达到满意的转矩和转速控制效果.与基于PI的MPTC策略相比,本文控制策略使PMSM系统不仅具有良好的动态性能,而且具有较强的抗负载干扰能力.仿真结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

用于永磁同步电机的一种非奇异高阶终端滑模观测器

本文提出一种高阶非奇异终端滑模观测器,用来估计永磁同步电机控制系统的转子位置和转速．采用高阶非奇异终端滑模观测器,使得控制系统不必外加低通滤波器,就可获得平滑的反电动势估计值,进而,根据反电动势方程,求解出转子位置和转速．和传统滑模观测器相比,高阶非奇异终端滑模观测器避免了反电动势估计值的相位滞后,提高了转子位置和转速的观测精度．仿真结果表明,高阶非奇异终端滑模观测器具有快速收敛性及更高的跟踪精度,同时消除了系统的抖振．     

Hybrid control for speed sensorless induction motor drive

The dynamic response of a hybrid-controlled speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive is introduced. First, an adaptive observation system, which comprises speed and flux observers, is derived on the basis of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) theory. The speed observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Next, based on the principle of computed torque control, a computed torque controller using the estimated speed signal is developed. Moreover, to relax the requirement of the lumped uncertainty in the design of a computed torque controller, a recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) uncertainty observer is utilized to adapt the lumped uncertainty online. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov stability a hybrid control system, which combines the computed torque controller, the RFNN uncertainty observer and a compensated controller, is proposed to control the rotor speed of the sensorless IM drive. The computed torque controller with RFNN uncertainty observer is the main tracking controller and the compensated controller is designed to compensate the minimum approximation error of the uncertainty observer instead of increasing the rules of the RFNN. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed observation and control systems is verified by simulated and experimental results     

基于DSP的自适应速度辨识直接转矩控制系统研究

异步电机直接转矩控制能产生快速且良好的鲁棒性响应,采用自适应磁链观测器,取代传统的积分器,构造了新型的速度估计器,并结合模糊控制器,实现对定子磁链准确观测和系统无速度传感器运行状态。基于DSP(TMS320LF2407A)核心芯片建立数字化控制系统。仿真与实验表明,该系统对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,转速估算准确,尤其在低速下能保持很高的性能。     

Design Of Anti‐Slip Controller For An Electric Vehicle With An Adhesion Status Analyzer Based On The Ev Simulator

The In this paper, a simulator of a one‐wheel Electric Vehicle system is designed for testing an anti‐slip controller using the Motor‐Generator system. The drive motor of the M‐G system is used to simulate the drive wheel of the Electric Vehicle, and the load motor is used to simulate the load force of the chassis. In the driving process, the torque of the load motor is changed according to the drive force of the chassis that is calculated by the program. So it can simulate the dynamic process of the tire‐road system. Based on this simulator system, an anti‐slip controller based on an Adhesion Status Analyzer is proposed. Information about the wheel speed is acquired by using a Back EMF Observer. A load torque disturbance observer is designed to stabilize the acceleration of the wheels. The Adhesion Status Analyzer is used to generate safe acceleration commands for the anti‐slip controller. When a slip occurs, the anti‐slip controller will decrease the torque quickly, and at the same time, by estimating the dynamic status of adhesion, the Adhesion Status Analyzer will restrain the acceleration command within a safe area. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by using the EV slip simulator.     

BLDCM新型滑模观测器的无位置传感器控制

针对传统滑模观测器(SMO)抖振和相位延迟问题,提出了一种新型滑模观测器来获取无刷直流电机(BLDCM)反电动势(back-EMF),无需额外增加低通滤波器即能得到光滑的反电动势估计值.由反电动势估计值能够直接计算出转子位置角和转速.根据转子位置角和滞环控制器的输出来选择适当的电压空间矢量,实现无位置传感器控制,并根据转速和反电动势估计值计算转矩.最后,将该滑模观测器用于无磁链环直接转矩控制(DTC)中.实验结果验证了方案的可行性.     

A new anti‐windup strategy for PID controllers with derivative filters

This paper presents a new strategy for suppressing the windup effect caused by actuator saturation in proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlled systems. In the proposed approach, the windup effect is modeled as an external disturbance imported to the PID controller and an observer‐based auxiliary controller is designed to minimize the difference between the controller output signal and the system input signal in accordance with an H‐infinite optimization criterion. It is shown that the proposed anti‐windup (AW) scheme renders the performance of the controlled system more robust toward the effects of windup than conventional PID AW schemes and provides a better noise rejection capability. In addition, the proposed PID AW scheme is system independent and is an explicit function of the parameters of the original PID controller. As a result, the controller is easily implemented using either digital or analog circuits and facilitates a rapid, on‐line tuning of the controller parameters as required in order to prevent the windup effect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

多机传动机械系统的同步控制

本文提出通过磁场定向控制分别控制多个感应电动机跟踪同一个指令性速度的多机驱动机械系统的同步控制方案,通过建立全维转子状态估计器,辩识感应电动机的转子速度,定子和转子电阻,瞬时外负载,根据外负载辩识结果与速度ＰＩＤ控制器确定感应电动机的转矩电流,实现感应电动机的无速度传感器控制,计算机仿真结果表明了该控制方案的有效性。     

基于MC56F8013的冰箱压缩机控制系统

根据无刷直流电机在动力驱动应用中的优势,提出了一种基于MC56F8013的冰箱压缩机控制系统.以某公司的MC56F8013 DSP为运动控制芯片,结合已有的PS21265-P/PA功率模块,借助电机转子反电势过零检测的方法来检测无位置传感器无刷直流电机的转子位置,通过软件换相修正、转速差分PID闭环控制和过流保护信号的...     

级联式滑模观测器的永磁同步电机鲁棒滑模控制

提出了一种基于无速度传感器运行的永磁同步电机非线性控制方法。针对电机速度和位置观测,设计了一种新颖的级联式滑模观测器,解决了传统滑模观测采用低通滤波器的相位延迟问题。前级电流滑模观测器得到反电动势,后级反电动势滑模观测器获取转速和位置信息,利用李亚普诺夫理论进行了稳定性分析。针对速度控制,提出了带扩张状态观测器的滑模速度控制器取代PI调节器,提高了系统的鲁棒性。在滑模观测和控制中均利用双曲正切函数取代符号函数,削弱了系统抖振。将上述方法应用到永磁同步电机矢量控制系统中,通过仿真验证方法的有效性。     

A speed-sensorless indirect field-oriented control for induction motors based on high gain speed estimation

The authors design a new speed sensorless output feedback control for the full-order model of induction motors with unknown constant load torque, which guarantees local asymptotic tracking of smooth speed and rotor flux modulus reference signals and local asymptotic field orientation, on the basis of stator current measurements only. The proposed nonlinear controller exploits the concept of indirect field orientation (no flux estimation is required) in combination with a new high-gain speed estimator based on the torque current tracking error. The estimates of unknown load torque and time-varying rotor speed converge to the corresponding true values under a persistency of excitation condition with a physically meaningful interpretation, basically equivalent to non-null synchronous frequency. Stability analysis of the overall dynamics has been performed exploiting the singular perturbation method. The proposed control algorithm is a “true” industrial sensorless solution since no simplifying assumptions (flux and load torque measurements) are required. Simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed controller is suitable for medium and high performance applications.     

Adaptive interconnected observer-based backstepping control design for sensorless induction motor

In this paper, an observer-based controller scheme is designed to robustly drive a sensorless Induction Motor (IM) even for the case of low frequencies with unknown load torque. Combining the field oriented control strategy with the backstepping control method, we introduce additional integral terms to improve the robustness properties of the controller in spite of uncertainties and perturbations. The estimation of the fluxes, the speed, the load torque and moreover the stator resistance is given by an adaptive interconnected observer. The practical stability of the proposed observer–controller scheme is proved. Finally, some experimental test results are given on the framework of a specific sensorless induction motor benchmark.     

Predictive direct torque control with reduced ripples for induction motor drive based on T‐S fuzzy speed controller

Finite‐state model predictive control (FS‐MPC) has been widely used for controlling power converters and electric drives. Predictive torque control strategy (PTC) evaluates flux and torque in a cost function to generate an optimal inverter switching state in a sampling period. However, the existing PTC method relies on a traditional proportional‐integral (PI) controller in the external loop for speed regulation. Consequently, the torque reference may not be generated properly, especially when a sudden variation of load or inertia takes place. This paper proposes an enhanced predictive torque control scheme. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy logic controller replaces PI in the external loop for speed regulation. Besides, the proposed controller generates a proper torque reference since it plays an important role in cost function design. This improvement ensures accurate tracking and robust control against different uncertainties. The effectiveness of the presented algorithms is investigated by simulation and experimental validation using MATLAB/Simulink with dSpace 1104 real‐time interface.