TFT-LCD用聚酰亚胺液晶取向层的研究与应用进展

综述了薄膜晶体管驱动液晶显示器(TFT-LCD)用聚酰亚胺(PI)取向层的研究应用进展以及未来发展趋势。从TFT-LCD对PI液晶取向层的性能需求、PI液晶取向层的分子结构设计与研究开发现状以及PI液晶取向层在TFT-LCD中的实际应用等方面进行了阐述,重点介绍了摩擦型PI液晶取向层以及光控型PI液晶取向层的研究与应用进展。     

联萘基手性偶氮分子/液晶复合材料研究进展

基于对偶氮苯所具有的特殊的光致异构化反应机制的研究越来越深入,以偶氮苯衍生物为基础的光控材料引起广泛关注。介绍了联萘基手性偶氮分子的基本性质,综述了联萘基手性偶氮分子在胆甾相液晶反射薄膜、蓝相液晶、光诱导分子开关等方面的应用,并且对联萘基手性偶氮分子/液晶复合材料在光诱导分子开关、选择性反射等领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

新型4-羟基苯乙烯基吡啶类氢键液晶的合成及表征

以4-羟基苯乙烯基吡啶为质子受体,以对烷氧基苯甲酸为质子供体,制备了几种苯乙烯基吡啶类氢键型液晶。利用IR和1H-NMR检测了各中间体。POM和DSC的结果表明,两种该氢键复合物呈现明显的向列相液晶态,IR结果证明了羧基和吡啶环间分子间氢键代替了羧基间的分子间氢键。     

羧酸吡啶类氢键液晶分子的合成及表征

以4-己氧基苯甲酸为质子给体,4-硝基苯乙烯基吡啶为受体,四氢呋喃为溶剂,制备了一种液晶超分子复合物—羧酸吡啶类氢键自主装型液晶复合物,用DSC和热台偏光显微镜对所合成化合物进行了相态和液晶性研究,并用IR1、H-NMR对所合成化合物进行了结构表征。结果表明:合成了目标化合物;IR结果证明了羧基和吡啶环间分子间氢键代替了羧基间的分子间氢键;相态及液晶行为研究证明了氢键复合物具有典型的热致液晶性能且呈现明显的向列型液晶态。     

光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜的制备与性能表征

聚乙烯醇一苯乙烯基吡啶盐缩合物(PVA-SbQ)是一种新型光敏聚合物,在紫外光诱导下发生光二聚反应形成大分子网状结构.通过溶液共混法,在壳聚糖(CS)膜中引入具有光二聚特性的PVA-SbQ,成膜后在紫外灯辐照下进行光交联反应,制备了光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜.用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外等对膜的结构进行表征,并对膜的力学性能、吸湿率、透光率等性能进行研究.实验结果表明:光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜的表面形态比较独特;CS与PVA-SbQ分子间存在一定的氢键相互作用;光交联后,共混膜形成网状结构,有效地改善了壳聚糖膜的力学性能、吸湿性和紫外屏蔽性能.     

含羧基的聚硅氧烷类光致变色液晶的合成及性能研究

首先通过重氮化反应合成了末端为羧基的刚性基元,再经过取代、加成、酯化反应最终合成了偶氮苯类聚硅氧烷液晶.通过UV表明其具有类似小分子的光致变性.并用POM、DSC对其液晶行为进行了表征,结果表明该化合物属于近晶A型液晶,相变区间为164.68℃～251.61℃,液晶范围较宽,有望作为光控开关和新型信息存储材料.     

生物基小分子在联苯类液晶材料合成中的应用进展

生物基小分子来源广、价廉,同时大多具有手性,使其在绿色化学盛行的今天作为良好的非介晶基元广泛应用于液晶材料合成研究领域。联苯类液晶因为其良好的物理化学稳定性、较宽的工作温度范围、适当的低黏度,以及快速响应与低电压驱动等优点,在光电显示材料等领域得到了广泛应用。文中综述了近年来薄荷醇、乳酸、糖醇、氨基酸等生物基小分子在联苯类液晶材料合成中的应用进展,指出多生物手性基团结合,特别是与高分子材料的完美组合,是未来研究的新方向。     

苯乙烯／马来酸酐共聚物的氢键诱导液晶体

制备了以苯乙烯／马来酸－４－羧基酚酯共聚物为质子供体,苯乙烯基吡啶为质子受体的氢键诱导液晶复合物。用ＤＳＣ和ＰＯＭ研究二者复合并后的液晶行为。结果表明,４ＳＺ含量在３０－７０％的复合物表现为向列相液晶态,其中等摩尔比的复合物的热稳定性提高。     

对氟肉桂酸丙烯醇酯接枝聚硅氧烷的光致取向研究

采用一种简单的方法合成了一种新型的光致取向材料－对氟肉桂酸内烯醇酯接枝聚桂氧烷,通过线性偏振光聚合（LPP）的方法制备了聚同良好的液晶取向膜并研究了膜厚度,液晶材料,烘烤温度和时间,曝光强度和时间对取向的影响,结果表明这是一种热稳定性很好的高光敏取向材料。     

桐油/豆油与苯乙烯共聚合研究

采用本体法将桐油或豆油与苯乙烯进行自由基共聚,制备出支化和交联聚合材料。探讨了苯乙烯、桐油(或豆油)和引发剂的相对含量对凝胶前聚合物分子量以及产率的影响,通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和凝胶渗透色谱法对共聚物结构进行了表征,测出了支化材料中桐油基与苯乙烯基的比例。并利用动态力学分析方法研究了交联聚合材料的力学性能。     

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials

In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM‐48, HMS, SBA‐15, MCF, and MSU‐X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft‐carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One‐dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template.     

Race of new inorganic materials towards an ultra neolithic age

Three generally accepted generic groups of competitive engineering materials—metals, inorganic ceramics, as well as plastics and polymers belonging to the organic family—have been comparatively reviewed in the context of raw materials availability, energy requirements in production, engineering properties, combustibility and environmental friendliness. The intrinsic advantages of inorganic materials have been discussed. The shortcomings of engineering properties of inorganic materials and the new technologies of making chemically bonded ceramics or biomimic compounds from inorganic materials with improved toughness have been dealt with. The expanding application horizons of inorganic materials have been illustrated with the help of several novel products.     

特种功能材料中的固态相变及应用

固态相变已经从传统结构材料的增强增韧延伸到新型功能材料研究领域,引发多种奇特的物理效应。目前已经形成一批基于固态相变的新型功能材料。这些新型功能材料蕴含着丰富的固态相变理论。固态相变现已成为新型功能材料设计与功能特性实现的重要手段之一。文章结合作者在固态相变及特种功能材料方面的研究工作,重点介绍高温形状记忆合金、高阻尼形状记忆合金、磁致伸缩材料和热障涂层材料中的固态相变特征及其在这些特种功能材料设计与功能实现和调控中应用的研究进展。     

State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in the Field of Particulate Nanostructured Materials

A great attention has been paid to the research and development of nanostructured materials.The main preparation methods of ultrafine particles and nanostructured materials have been summarized. The applications of zone typical nanostructured materials have also been reviewed.The peculiar characteristics and properties. such as density, grain size, hardness, superplasticity,magnetic and catalytic properties have been discussed     

Radiation effects in nuclear reactor materials—correlation with structure

A review of radiation effects in nuclear reactor materials has been made; the irradiation effects have been correlated with the crystal structure of the materials. Five phenomena, irradiation hardening, irradiation embrittlement, irradiation creep, irradiation growth and void swelling that occur in materials by neutron irradiation in a reactor environment have been discussed with a view to explaining the physics of the phenomena and the engineering consequences. Metallurgical approaches for improving the irradiation performance of materials and for developing new alloys with better resistance to radiation damage have been pointed out.     

锂二次电池负极材料的研究进展

综述了现代锂离子二次电池负极材料研究的三个重点方向即碳材料、锡基负极材料、Sn- Fe- C合金材料。这三种材料在锂嵌入与脱出的过程中都形成活性物质 /惰性基体物质结构的材料 ,其中活性物质与锂反应提供容量 ,惰性物质维持基本结构保证循环寿命。分析了形成活性物质 /惰性基体物质结构的过程及储锂机理。     

Photorefractive Polymers and Composites

Materials demonstrating a photorefractive effect are principal candidates for numerous applications, including high-density optical data storage, optical image processing, phase conjugated mirrors and lasers, dynamic holography, optical computing, pattern recognition, etc. Considerable progress has been made in the research on photorefractive polymers and composite materials in the last few years. These materials have many advantages over inorganic photorefractive crystals, including large optical nonlinearities, low dielectric constants, low cost and ease of fabrication. A large number of materials, including those exhibiting an extremely large photorefractive effect, have been developed. In addition, a number of interesting phenomena particular to polymeric photorefractive materials have been reported and corresponding mechanisms have been proposed to account for these phenomena. Possible applications of these materials have been explored with the demonstration of a volume holographic storage device based on photorefractive polymers. This paper reviews the latest developments of the young and exciting field of polymeric photorefractive materials.     

纳米复合薄膜的制备及其应用研究

纳米复合薄膜材料由于具有传统复合材料和现代纳米材料两者的优点,正成为纳米材料的重要分支而越来越引起广泛的重视和深入的研究。本文全面介绍了纳米复合薄膜的发展历史、制备方法、薄膜性能及其应用前景。提出了纳米复合薄膜材料研究的关键问题以及今后的发展方向。     

Investigation of hydrogenous materials using neutrons

Slow neutrons have proved to be a very powerful probe for examining materials in general and hydrogenous materials in particular. In this article we review various neutron scattering techniques which have been utilised to investigate different aspects of a variety of hydrogenous materials. Translationally as well as orientationally disordered materials, ferroelectrics, superconductors, metal-hydrogen systems, polymers and biological molecules have been chosen as illustrative examples.     

Formation of electric-spark coatings from composite materials based on titanium-chromium carbide and diboride

Electrode composite materials of the TiCrB₂-(Fe-Cr) and TiCrC-(Fe-Cr) systems are discussed. The composition, structure, mechanical and tribotechnical properties of the materials have been studied. Coatings from the materials developed have been applied to the 30KHGSA steel and VT3-1 titanium alloy. The effect of the length of electric-spark alloying and electrode and substrate materials on the mass-transfer kinetics has been analyzed. It has been shown that the materials developed can be successfully deposited onto steels and titanium alloys by the electric-spark method.