成形压力对Fe16Al2Cr多孔材料性能的影响

以Fe16Al2Cr预合金粉末为原料,采用模压成形、真空烧结的方法制备了Fe16Al2Cr多孔材料,研究了粉末成形压力与Fe16Al2Cr多孔材料性能的关系。结果表明：小于31 μm的Fe16Al2Cr粉末的压制成形性能较差,压坯强度低;烧结过程中,厚度收缩远大于径向收缩,并随着成形压力的增大而减小;在较高的烧结温度下,成形压力和烧结时间对径向收缩几乎没有影响;而孔隙度、最大孔径和透气度随着成形压力的增大而降低,并随烧结时间延长而增大;增大成形压力,延长烧结时间,有利于提高Fe16Al2Cr多孔材料的剪切强度。     

多孔NiAl金属间化合物的造孔机理

以Ni、Al元素粉末为原料,采用反应烧结工艺制备多孔NiAl金属间化合物材料,表征各烧结温度所对应的孔结构,研究NiAl烧结体的造孔机理。结果表明:在多孔NiAl金属间化合物材料的制备过程中,当温度在1 100℃以下,随着烧结温度的升高,NiAl烧结体中的孔隙度和最大孔径呈现增大的趋势;经1 100℃烧结之后,多孔NiAl的孔隙度为53%,最大孔径为55μm;造孔机理为Al熔点附近的Ni、Al之间的剧烈扩散造孔形成大量的开孔隙度,以及高温烧结阶段的Ni与中间相的扩散形成的多孔NiAl材料骨架中的孔洞。     

TiAl多孔材料的研制

采用元素混合法以及反应烧结法制备了TiAl多孔材料,研究了粉末粒度、Ti:Al的原子比、压制压力、烧结温度等对TiAl多孔材料的孔隙性能的影响。结果表明,随着原料Al粉的粒度逐渐增大,TiAl多孔材料的dmax和膨胀率增大,但其孔隙度和Kgas则是在Al粉粒度大于14.6μm时才随之增大。随着粗Al粉含量的降低,TiAl多孔材料的孔隙度和Kgas呈逐渐下降的趋势,dmax变化不大;而细Al粉制得的TiAl多孔材料的孔隙度和Kgas是先升到一定值后才下降。随着压制压力的增大,dmax逐渐降低,孔隙度和K气也相应减小。当烧结温度低于800℃时,TiAl多孔材料的Kgas随着烧结温度的升高而提高;当烧结温度高于800℃后,TiAl多孔材料的Kgas随着烧结温度的升高而下降。     

Fe3Al多孔材料预氧化性能研究

以Cr改性的Fe3Al预合金粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金方法制备Fe3Al多孔材料,研究氧化温度、时间、降温速度对Fe3Al多孔材料氧化膜性能的影响。结果表明:Fe3Al多孔材料的氧化增重随温度的升高而增大,氧化动力学遵循四次方规律,在800℃的大气中氧化9h,氧化膜已完全将烧结颈覆盖,晶粒细小;随着温度的升高和时间的延长,晶粒变得粗大;900℃氧化5h,膜层已出现裂纹;而降温速度对氧化增重的影响不大,也没有出现由于热膨胀不匹配而产生的裂纹。     

Ni_3Al金属间化合物多孔材料的抗盐酸腐蚀性能

以Ni、Al元素混合粉末为原料,用偏扩散-反应合成-烧结的粉末冶金法制备Ni3Al金属间化合物多孔材料,在室温20℃下pH为2和3时以及90℃下pH=2时研究Ni3Al金属间化合物多孔材料在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀动力学曲线、孔结构稳定性和表面形貌变化以及Tafel曲线,并与Ni金属多孔材料进行比较。结果表明:Ni3Al金属间化合物多孔材料在盐酸中的质量损失率显著地低于Ni多孔材料的,且Ni3Al金属间化合物多孔材料的孔结构在腐蚀介质中长期稳定,并显示出优异的抗盐酸腐蚀能力。     

成形压力对Fe16A12Cr多孔材料性能的影响

以Fe16A12Cr预合金粉末为原料,采用模压成形、真空烧结的方法制备了Fe16A12Cr多孔材料,研究了粉末成形压力与Fe16A12Cr多孔材料性能的关系.结果表明:小于31μm的Fe16A12Cr粉末的压制成形性能较差,压坯强度低;烧结过程中,厚度收缩远大于径向收缩,并随着成形压力的增大而减小;在较高的烧结温度下,成形压力和烧结时间对径向收缩几乎没有影响;而孔隙度、最大孔径和透气度随着成形压力的增大而降低,并随烧结时间延长而增大;增大成形压力,延长烧结时间,有利于提高Fe16A12Cr多孔材料的剪切强度.     

Microstructure and Formation Mechanism of Porous Ti-Al Intermetallics Prepared by Pressureless Sintering

以Ti和Al 2种粉末为原料,采用粉末压制-无压烧结技术制备了TiAl多孔材料,并对其宏观形貌、相组成、孔结构、反应机制和孔隙形成机理进行了分析。结果表明：Ti-Al粉末压坯在烧结过程中发生了明显的体积膨胀,多孔材料的总孔隙率为49.88%~57.53%,开孔率为47.60%~56.15%。多孔材料主要由连续的颗粒骨架、骨架之间的大孔隙和骨架内部的小孔隙构成,孔隙主要来自粉末压坯颗粒之间存在的原始大孔隙、无压烧结过程中先熔化的Al颗粒在毛细作用下发生流动形成的原位大孔隙和析出过程在Ti-Al产物颗粒之间形成的小孔隙。Ti-Al多孔材料主要由TiAl3单相构成,无压烧结过程中Ti-Al之间发生了热爆反应。     

无压烧结Ti-Al多孔材料的组织结构与反应机制

以Ti和Al 2种粉末为原料,采用粉末压制一无压烧结技术制备了TiAl多孔材料,并对其宏观形貌、相组成、孔结构、反应机制和孔隙形成机理进行了分析。结果表明:Ti-Al粉末压坯在烧结过程中发生了明显的体积膨胀,多孔材料的总孔隙率为49.88%~57.53%,开孔率为47.60%~56.15%。多孔材料主要由连续的颗粒骨架、骨架之间的大孔隙和骨架内部的小孔隙构成,孔隙主要来自粉末压坯颗粒之间存在的原始大孔隙、无压烧结过程中先熔化的Al颗粒在毛细作用下发生流动形成的原位大孔隙和析出过程在Ti-Al产物颗粒之间形成的小孔隙。Ti-Al多孔材料主要由TiAl_3单相构成,无压烧结过程中Ti-Al之间发生了热爆反应。     

热爆法制备FeAl基金属间化合物多孔材料（英文）

以Fe、Al粉末为原料,采用热爆法制备FeAl基金属间化合物多孔材料,研究烧结温度对其相组成、孔结构以及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Fe-Al的热爆反应发生在636°C,1000°C烧结后得到单相FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料;多孔材料的开孔率达65%,其主要由连续的颗粒骨架、骨架之间的大孔隙和骨架内部的小孔隙构成;孔隙主要来自粉末压坯颗粒之间存在的原始大孔隙、烧结过程中熔化的Al颗粒在毛细作用下发生流动形成的原位大孔隙以及析出过程中在Fe-Al产物颗粒之间形成的小孔隙。此外,FeAl多孔材料在650°C空气气氛中表现出较好的抗高温氧化性能。     

Ni-Cr-Fe多孔材料的制备及抗氧化性能

采用元素粉末反应合成法,利用固相偏扩散的原理进行固相烧结制备Ni-Cr-Fe多孔材料。通过表征多孔材料在不同烧结温度下的膨胀率、孔结构变化及物相组成研究材料的成孔过程,探讨造孔机理;并研究Ni-Cr-Fe多孔材料在1000℃下的高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:Ni-Cr-Fe在1380℃下达到最大膨胀,最大径向膨胀率达7%,开孔隙率为32.5%;最大孔径与透气度分别为90μm和990 m~3/(m~2·k Pa·h)。Cr、Fe元素向Ni元素的偏扩散形成大量丰富孔隙。在氧化实验中,在1000℃高温下氧化560 h后多孔Ni-Cr-Fe最大孔径及透气度变化不大,而同等条件下氧化的Ni-Fe、Ni-Cr多孔材料孔结构变化较明显,表明Ni-Cr-Fe多孔材料具有优异的高温抗氧化性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。