即食鲮鱼饼的加工工艺

研究了即食鲮鱼饼工业化生产的关键工艺条件,分析了几种加工辅料对鲮鱼饼质构的影响,确定了制作鲮鱼饼的较佳配方。结果表明,几个关键工艺条件为:鲮鱼肉在低温下5倍的清水漂洗2次;擂溃过程,空擂5 min、盐擂20 min、混合擂溃5 min,擂溃完成后的鱼饼于40℃恒温培养箱内凝胶化2 h;油炸(160℃,70 s)、真空包装后经高温高压(115℃,12 min)杀菌。鲮鱼饼配方各成分质量分数为:鲮鱼肉74%、食盐2%、Tg酶0.2%、淀粉10%、肥猪肉10%、香葱0.5%、味精0.5%、水2.8%。     

影响罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶性的工艺条件研究

以罗非鱼肉为原料,研究漂洗、擂溃、凝胶化工艺对罗非鱼鱼糜制品凝胶性的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Benhnken试验设计和响应面分析法优化罗非鱼鱼糜制备工艺条件。试验结果表明:漂洗次数、盐擂时间和第一段加热温度是影响罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶性的主要因素。经响应面优化,罗非鱼鱼糜最佳制备工艺条件为:鱼肉经4倍质量的冰水漂洗4次,分别经空擂5 min、盐擂5.57 min,然后经43.4℃/30 min以及90℃/20 min凝胶化处理。在此工艺条件下,鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度达到1948 g·mm。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼丸的制备

探讨擂溃及凝胶化条件对斑点叉尾鮰鱼丸弹性的影响.采用正交实验优选了擂溃各阶段的时间,同时测定了加盐量与鱼丸弹性的关系;采用单因素实验优选了凝胶温度和凝胶时间.结果表明:空擂8min、盐擂8 min、混合擂溃5min及加盐量2.0～2.3％的擂溃条件最为合理;然后于0～5℃凝胶化35 min,所加工的鱼丸弹性最好.     

胡萝卜豪猪肉丸子的开发研制

为加大对豪猪开发利用力度,满足人们生活需要,特进行胡萝卜豪猪肉丸子试制。实验表明:将豪猪肉用五倍清水漂洗三次,豪猪肉:猪肥膘肉=5∶4,用盐量为3%,淀粉用量20%,胡萝卜用量12%,在10～15℃下擂溃30min,成型后在95～100℃下加热熟化20min即可得到味美、色佳、弹性良好的胡萝卜豪猪肉丸子制品。     

速冻调理香菇木耳鱼丸的工艺研究

以鱼糜、香菇和木耳为原料,研制速冻调理香菇木耳鱼丸,通过单因素试验及正交试验,得到产品最佳配方为:鱼糜82%,香菇2%,木耳2.5%,淀粉9%,食盐2.2%,味精0.4%,姜汁0.2%,白砂糖1.3%,香辛料0.5%,香油0.3%;最佳工艺为:在10℃,取鱼肉的4倍水量漂洗3~4 min,漂洗3次,空擂2 min、盐擂4 min、调味擂8 min,90℃,加热15 min,丸的直径为1.5 cm,质量为每个12 g,产品弹性好,色泽诱人、口感爽口。不仅丰富了鱼丸的品种,且提高鱼丸的营养价值。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼丸的制备

探讨擂渍及凝胶化条件对斑点叉尾鲴鱼丸弹性的影响。采用正交实验优选了擂溃各阶段的时间,同时测定了加盐量与鱼丸弹性的关系;采用单因素实验优选了凝胶温度和凝胶时间。结果表明：空擂8min、盐擂8min、混合擂渍5min及加盐量2．0～2．3％的擂溃条件最为合理;然后于0～5℃凝胶化35min,所加工的鱼丸弹性最好。     

金鲳鱼鱼糜制品加工工艺优化

以金鲳鱼鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,利用部分因子试验从漂洗时间、漂洗次数、擂溃方式、加热时间1、加热温度1、加热时间2、加热温度2七因素中筛选出5个对金鲳鱼鱼糜制品的凝胶强度和白度影响显著的因素,即漂洗时间、漂洗次数、擂溃时间、加热时间1及加热时间2。通过最陡爬坡试验逼近该5个因素的最大响应区域,最后利用中心复合设计响应面试验优化显著的因素,结果表明:漂洗时间3min,漂洗5次,擂溃21min,第1次加热10min,第2次加热10min,所得鱼糜凝胶强度为10 728.16g·mm;漂洗时间4min,漂洗6次,擂溃22min,第1次加热11min,第2次加热10min,优化后白度为70.91。     

鲶鱼火腿加工过程中各个因素对其凝胶特性的影响

以鲶鱼为研究对象,研究鱼糜加工过程中各种因素对其凝胶特性的影响,以期获得凝胶性能较强的各工艺参数。采用单因素设计,对鲶鱼火腿加工过程中漂洗、腌制、擂溃、煮制等工艺环节的不同变化进行研究,以鲶鱼火腿产品的凝胶质构特性(弹性、黏聚性、硬度和咀嚼性)为考察指标,确定鲶鱼火腿加工的最佳工艺参数。结果表明：用5 倍肉质量的5mg/mL NaCl 溶液(温度为5～7℃)漂洗鱼肉两次,加入21mg/mL 食盐4℃腌制10h,擂溃时用碎冰使温度保持6℃斩拌6min,然后将鱼糜装入不锈钢火腿模具中,85℃煮制2.5h,所制成的鲶鱼火腿制品凝胶特性最好,弹性可达到0.86,黏聚性为0.66。     

鸡肉丸生产工艺关键因素的研究

为填补市场上肉丸制品中鸡肉丸的空白,文中对鸡肉丸生产工艺的一些关键因素进行了研究,从口感、弹性、味道、色泽、切面质构5个方面评价鸡肉丸的感官质量,找出了稳定和提高鸡肉丸质量的方法。其最佳工艺为:水温10℃以下多次漂洗,漂洗水量取4倍鸡肉质量;10℃以下擂溃12 min;90℃水中煮制10 min。     

带鱼香肠加工工艺初探

本试验以冷冻带鱼为原料,研究了漂洗工序和擂溃时间及食盐和淀粉的添加量对带鱼香肠质量的影响,结果表明:漂洗工序影响带鱼香肠的颜色和弹性;确定擂溃时间以25min为宜,食盐的添加量为肉重(鱼肉+猪肉)的2.5%,淀粉的添加量为肉重的10%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press