玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂合成工艺的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料、丙烯酸为反应单体、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液法制备了高吸水性树脂,研究了淀粉乳含量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度、反应温度等因素对树脂吸水率的影响。通过单因素及正交实验,确定最佳反应条件为：淀粉乳含量12．2％,单体与淀粉质量比4．5：1,单体中和度76．84％,引发剂用量（以淀粉质量计）1．4％,交联剂用量（以淀粉质量计）0．5％。此时所得树脂吸水率为698g·g^-1,且具有优异的保水性。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸／丙烯酰胺影响因素的研究

探索了以过硫酸钾为引发剂,以N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,将淀粉与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸在水溶液中聚合制备高吸水性树脂。结果表明：当m（丙烯酰胺）：m（丙烯酸）为1：24,单体总用贵为12g,反应温度30％,反应时间2h,丙烯酸中和度94％,引发剂用量0.02g,交联剂用量为0.0015g时,可以合成具有较好的吸水性的高吸水性树脂,在蒸馏水中吸水倍率可达699.99g／g。     

木薯淀粉接枝AA／AM高吸水树脂合成工艺的影响因素及优化

以过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠作为引发剂，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联荆，将木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸在水溶液中接枝共聚，合成了高吸水性树脂。单因素实验结果表明，反应温度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度．丙烯酰胺用量对产品的吸水倍率影响较大。正交实验结果表明：适宜的接枝共聚条件为反应温度50℃，引发剂用量0．6％，交联剂用量0．04％，丙烯酸中和度85％，丙烯酰胺用量20％。     

淀粉类高吸水性树脂的合成研究

以淀粉为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,N,N’—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用接枝共聚法制备高吸水剂性树脂。研究了引发剂浓度、交联剂用量、单体与淀粉质量比及氢氧化钠用量对产品吸水性的影响。实验结果表明:当引发剂浓度为5.0×10-3mol/L;交联剂用量占单体质量的0.20%;淀粉与单体质量比为1∶3;氢氧化钠用量占单体质量的30%时,产品的吸水性可达1000倍以上。     

玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉为主要原料、丙烯酸(AA)为改性单体、过硫酸铵为引发剂和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用接枝共聚法制备淀粉接枝型高吸水性树脂。研究了糊化温度、糊化时间、引发剂和交联剂用量、单体浓度、接枝反应温度和反应时间等对树脂吸水性能的影响。确定其最佳工艺条件为:糊化温度为85℃、糊化时间为60min,w(引发剂)=3%(相对于淀粉而言)、w(交联剂)=0.8%(相对于淀粉而言)、AA单体浓度为4.5mol/L、反应温度为60℃和反应时间为4h。在最佳工艺条件下制备的树脂,其吸水性能最佳,吸水率达到730g/g。     

木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸水剂合成研究初探

用过硫酸钾做引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂.研究了丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺用量比、反应温度及引发剂用量等对吸液性能的影响,分析了木薯淀粉在接枝前和接枝后的结构和性能.最佳反应条件为:丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺质量比1∶3,引发剂过硫酸钾用量是单体质量的0.125%,交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的用量为单体质量的0.167%.反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h.     

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的实验研究

在氮气保护下，以N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，过硫酸铵和亚硫酸钠作为引发剂，淀粉与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸接枝共聚。经干燥后制备吸去离子水迭700倍的吸水性树脂。探讨了反应时间、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、单体中和度、反应温度、淀粉用量、干燥温度对吸水倍率的影响。     

淀粉接枝类高吸水树脂的合成研究

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,用可溶性淀粉与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料采用溶液聚合法合成了新型高吸水树脂.讨论了引发剂用量、交联剂用量、淀粉用量、氮气氛围等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:以AA质量为标准,可溶性淀粉用量为20％,引发剂用量为0.5％,交联剂用量为0.05％,AA中和度为75％,反应温度为65℃,在氮气保护下所得产物在蒸馏水中吸水率最大,达1 059.1 g/g.     

改性腐植酸盐-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸复合吸水树脂制备及性能研究

以改性腐植酸盐、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备了复合高吸水性树脂PAAH,考察了交联剂用量、引发剂用量、单体配比和反应温度对产品性能的影响,得到了最佳反应条件：交联剂和引发剂分别占单体总质量分数的0．6％和110．9％;     

淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酰胺制备吸水性树脂

本研究采用硝酸铈铵为引发剂，以N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂，合成了淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的吸水性树脂，探讨了交联剂、引发剂、单体与淀粉配比、碱用量等因素对吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响，得到了最优的工艺条件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。