旋涂法制备铈掺杂氧化锌薄膜的特性分析研究

以旋涂法制备铈掺杂氧化锌薄膜,利用XRD、Uv-vis光谱、PL光谱、四点探针及磁性测试系统等手段分析铈掺杂与退火处理对薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、光学透射率、发光特性及电磁特性的影响。研究结果表明:所有薄膜皆为纤锌矿结构,具有很高的c轴取向性,无杂相产生,但铈掺杂会影响其结晶状况。所有薄膜表面皆呈多孔性纳米晶形态,掺铈后其表面则会出现五边形或六边形链状纹路,且具有很高的再现性。所有薄膜在可见光范围内的透射率皆可达80%以上,其能隙值则随铈掺杂量增加而减小。所有薄膜在紫外光区皆有一明显发射峰,但其强度随铈掺杂量增加而减弱;掺铈后的薄膜在绿光区与黄光区各有一明显发射峰,其强度则随铈掺杂量增加而增强。室温下薄膜的电传导机制为热激活型,而低温下则为变程跳跃型;所有薄膜皆具磁性,且其饱和磁矩随铈掺杂量增加而变大。     

无水三氯化铈促进格氏试剂与二茂铁基α、β-不饱和酮的反应研究

本文研究了在无水三氯化铈存在下二茂铁基苯乙烯基酮与一些格氏试剂(CH3CH2MgBr,CH3(CH2)3MgBr,PhMgBr)的反应,并与不加无水三氯化铈时的反应作比较;同时讨论卤代烃的用量以及三氯化铈的用量对反应的影响。结果表明,无水三氯化铈的加入提高了格氏试剂与二茂铁基α、β-不饱和酮的加成反应总产率,增强了反应的选择性。无水三氯化铈的加入使得二茂铁基α、β-不饱和酮主要发生1,2加成反应而不加无水三氯化铈的上述反应主要发生1,4加成反应。     

溶胶–凝胶合成Zn_(1–x)Cd_xO薄膜的结构形貌和光学性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法在玻璃基底上制备镉掺杂氧化锌(Zn_(1–x)Cd_xO)薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、紫外–可见分光光度计研究了镉掺杂量、预处理温度对薄膜结构及其光学性能的影响。结果表明:当预处理温度为150℃,且x0.3时,Zn_(1–x)Cd_xO薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构;当x≥0.3时,Zn_(1–x)Cd_xO薄膜出现立方岩盐矿结构。制备的薄膜表面的晶粒分布均匀且致密,平均晶粒尺寸随掺杂量的增加先减小后增大。Zn_(1–x)Cd_xO薄膜在可见光范围内透过率均高于80%;随着镉掺杂量增大,薄膜的吸收边红移,其禁带宽度逐渐由3.3 e V(x=0)减小至2.2 e V(x=1.0)。     

稀土元素掺杂纳米TiO_2材料的应用

比较了采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺杂稀土元素(钇、镧、铈、钕、钐、铕、镨、铽)的TiO2薄膜,并以不同种有机污染物为光催化降解反应的对象,进行了光催化降解实验,考察了掺杂稀土元素对薄膜光催化性能的影响。结果表明:掺杂不同稀土元素的TiO2纳米材料的光催化降解效果各有特点。该研究结果为光催化技术的实用化研究提供了可靠的依据。     

钇掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜的制备与可见光催化性能

采用胶体晶体薄膜为模板,利用溶胶–凝胶法制备了钇掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜,通过Fourier变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、紫外–可见光谱表征样品的结构和形貌,并以甲基橙为模型化合物研究了钇掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜材料可见光催化性能。结果表明：钇掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜规整致密,晶型为锐钛矿型,样品中钇元素含量约为1.2%。钇掺杂使得TiO2吸收光红移至可见光区,钇掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜可见光催化性能好于未掺杂有序多孔TiO2薄膜。     

固氟氯化法从山东微山氟碳铈矿提取稀土的氯化率动力学

研究了用固氟氯化铵焙烧法分解山东微山中品位氟碳铈精矿回收稀土的氯化率动力学. 结果表明：固氟焙砂的氯化反应动力学过程是区域反应速率模型，氯化反应过程经过了2个串联反应步骤，用Erofeev方程ln[–ln(1–a)]=lnk+nlnt处理反应速率，反应速率常数与温度T的函数关系式为k=2.7?107e–Ea/RT, 表观活化能Ea为125.9 kJ/mol，过程限制环节主要是界面化学反应控制.     

Ce掺杂纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合材料的光催化性能

以提纯硅藻土和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶–凝胶法在硅藻土载体表面均匀负载了纳米TiO_2颗粒,并以硝酸铈为掺杂剂。制备了铈掺杂纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合粉体,对其光催化性能和掺杂机理进行了研究。结果表明:与未掺杂样品相比,铈掺杂量为1.5%(摩尔分数)的复合光催化材料在模拟太阳光照射5 h,对罗丹明B的脱色率达到72.03%,其禁带宽度由3.17 e V减小到2.75 eV。Ce 4f能级在提高可见光吸收、界面间电荷转移及抑制电子–空穴复合方面具有重要的作用。     

La/Nb掺杂对Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)薄膜铁电性能和疲劳特性的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶工艺(sol–gel)在Pt/Ti/SiO2/p-Si衬底上分别制备Bi4–xLaxTi3O12和Bi4Ti3–yNbyO12铁电薄膜,研究La/Nb掺杂对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜铁电性能和疲劳特性的影响。结果表明:La/Nb掺杂均能有效改善Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的铁电性能和疲劳特性。当La摩尔(下同)掺量在0.5～0.75时,La掺杂对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的性能改善作用最好,而且在明显提高薄膜铁电性能的同时,对薄膜疲劳特性的改善更加显著,薄膜经1010极化反转后,其剩余极化强度(Pr)仅下降5.1%。Nb掺杂对提高薄膜铁电性能的作用更加明显,Nb掺量为0.06时,Bi4Ti3–yNbyO12薄膜的Pr高达18.7μC/cm2,但Nb掺量不宜过多,当Nb掺量超过0.06以后,薄膜的铁电性能和疲劳特性均反而有所下降。     

掺铈纳米TiO_2薄膜的光催化灭菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有较高催化灭菌活性的掺铈纳米TiO2薄膜,并用XRD、HRTEM等手段进行了表征,研究其膜的结构和特性。试验表明:铈的掺杂能有效提高纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化灭菌能力,在热处理温度为550℃,掺铈质量分数(m(Ce)/m(TiO2))为3%条件下,其杀灭大肠杆菌率为96.3%。     

铯离子掺杂对纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,采用溶胶–凝胶法在载玻片上制备了透明的掺Cs+的TiO2薄膜。利用紫外–可见光吸收光谱和X射线衍射对薄膜进行表征,分析了Cs+掺杂对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱的影响。以光催化大肠杆菌为对象,考察了Cs+掺量和退火温度对TiO2薄膜光催化杀菌性能影响。结果表明:Cs+掺杂使得TiO2薄膜对紫外–可见光的吸收增大,TiO2薄膜吸收带边发生红移。当退火温度为550℃时,掺Cs+量为0.3%(摩尔分数)的TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最高,杀菌率达到了97.18%。     

乙炔氢氯化新型低汞催化剂的制备与优化

以HgCl2作为基本活性组分,添加贱金属氯化物BiCl3、KCl、CeCl3等作为助剂,乙炔氢氯化新型低汞催化剂的基础配方为5%HgCl2+5%BiCl3+1%KCl+1%CeCl3,将各组分混合溶解,采用超声波辅助浸渍法一步浸渍制备新型低汞催化剂。     

低温溶胶凝胶法制备无机紫外线吸收薄膜

在室温下以氯化铈为前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶路线合成了具有高效紫外线吸收性能并且氧化催化作用得以最小化的SiO2-CeO2薄膜,并对薄膜的相关的性能进行了表征。通过XRD和TEM可知,薄膜中纳米粒子的尺寸分布比较窄,颗粒直径为1.5～4.0 nm之间。通过紫外-可见光谱可以看到,薄膜在紫外区域有很强的吸收,而在可见光区域有很强的透明性;通过氧化性能测试可知,SiO2-CeO2薄膜中CeO2的氧化催化性能显著降低。这些优点保证了该SiO2-CeO2薄膜可以作为热敏性有机材料的保护材料。     

Preparation of porous poly(3‐hexylthiophene) by freeze‐dry method and its application to organic photovoltaics

Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)(P3HT) with a microporous network structure was prepared from a 1% p‐xylene solution by freeze‐dry method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed P3HT molecules formed swollen gel‐like structures with different extent of compactness depending on the length of the aggregation period. Absorption spectrum of this P3HT film showed a characteristic peak at 620 nm, which indicated a high degree of order between polymer chains. Photoluminescence (PL) of this highly ordered P3HT film appeared at 712 nm revealing large extent of π–π stacking between P3HT molecules in the freeze‐dry film. Both absorption and photoluminescence results indicated that the original aggregated states of P3HT molecules in gel form had been preserved throughout the freeze‐dry operation. X‐ray diffraction of the annealed samples showed a strong characteristic peak for the side chain aggregation at 2θ = 5.1°, which proved that the freeze‐dry film was with highly order structure. The interconnected and highly ordered P3HT film is used in the study of organic photovoltaics (OPV) after applying an n‐type semiconductor to the surface of the dry porous fibers. A prototype OPV device with power conversion efficiency of 1.47% was prepared by this method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

电泳沉积法制备高能量密度的非对称平面微型超级电容器

首先采用光刻、蒸镀金的方法制备叉指电极,随后把合成的具有赝电容特性的二维MnO2和Ti3C2纳米片分别电泳沉积到叉指电极上,构建了非对称平面超级电容器.其中MnO2为正极,Ti3C2为负极,滴涂凝胶为电解质,并利用透明的聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜封装成器件.通过能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫...     

A tungsten-trioxide/prussian blue complementary electrochromic cell with a polymer electrolyte

Optically variable windows (smart windows), which control the transmission of light into buildings and vehicles, are of interest both for the control of solar heat load and for privacy applications. Such windows are likely to utilize electrochromic technology to achieve optical control. An electrochromic device consisting of a cathodically colouring tungsten trioxide (WO₃) film, an anodically colouring Prussian blue (PB) film, and a polymer electrolyte was made. The polymer electrolyte was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol doped with H₃PO₄ and KH₂PO₄ to accommodate the conduction of both H⁺ and K⁺ ions. The electrochromic WO₃ and PB films functioned in a complementary way such that the device was coloured or bleached by the application of –0.5 V or +0.5 V (WO₃ films vs PB film), respectively. The spectral characteristics of the coloured device confirmed the complementary colouration of WO₃ and PB in the device.     

固相反应法制备超细氧化铈的球磨工艺优化研究

以铈盐与草酸为原料,室温下通过机械球磨固相反应法合成前驱体草酸铈,经热分解得到超细氧化铈粉末。利用TG-DSC表征了前驱体粉末在热分解过程中的变化情况,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征了产物的组成、大小和形貌。实验对比研究得出的较佳工艺为:机械球磨,填充率为40%,球料质量比为15∶1,球磨时间为2.5 h,400℃下煅烧2 h。在此条件下制备的氧化铈颗粒粒径约为300 nm,大小均匀,颗粒分散性较好。     

纳米ATO透明隔热涂料的制备与性能研究

以自制纳米氧化锡锑（ ATO）及其水性浆料和水性聚氨酯为原料,采用共混法制备出纳米 ATO透明隔热涂料。对纳米 ATO涂料的隔热性和透光性进行研究,结果表明：将通过溶胶 -凝胶法制备的 25 nm的 ATO粉体配制成水性浆料,与水性聚氨酯 SX-240共混制备出的纳米 ATO透明隔热涂料,具有较好的透明隔热性能。当涂膜厚度为 60 μm时,其可见光透过率（λ=600 nm）为 72.35%,平均红外透过率为 45.56%,隔热检测装置内温差达到 3~4 ℃。     

工艺参数对磁控溅射WO_3薄膜电致变色性能的影响

本文采用磁控溅射法制备了用于电致变色器件的WO_3薄膜,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对其物相组成、微观形貌以及电致变色性能进行了表征。结果表明:在溅射压强为2 Pa、氩氧比为60:20时所制备的WO_3薄膜厚度适中,且有利于离子的嵌入/脱出,而以此薄膜制备的电致变色器件光调制范围最大,褪色时间最短,着色效率达82.9 cm~2/C。     

Free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube-CdSe quantum dots hybrid ultrathin films for flexible optoelectronic conversion devices

In this work, we described a facile route for the fabrication of free-standing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-CdSe quantum dots (QDs) hybrid ultrathin films and investigated their optoelectronic conversion properties. A free-standing SWCNT film with thickness of ～36 nm was firstly prepared via vacuum filtration. The film was then immersed into the pre-synthesized oleic acid-capped CdSe QDs (average diameter of 3.5 nm) solution, where CdSe QDs anchored spontaneously onto the surface of SWCNT film to produce SWCNT-CdSe QDs hybrid film. By using pure SWCNT films in different thicknesses as bottom and top electrodes, a flexible all-carbon electrode optoelectronic conversion device with sandwich structure of SWCNT film (thickness of ～200 nm)/SWCNT-CdSe QDs hybrid film (thickness of ～36 nm)/SWCNT film (thickness of ～36 nm) was constructed to generate optoelectronic conversion under illumination of solar-simulated light. Our results demonstrated that the all-carbon electrode structure was effective for charge separation and a sensitive and stable photocurrent signal could be produced in such a device. In addition, our SWCNT-CdSe QDs hybrid film exhibited high flexibility and durability. No clear change in the resistance of the film was detected under bending in various bending angles.     

氨水-草酸共沉淀法中试制备微米CeO2工艺的初步研究

以氨水-草酸为共沉淀剂对氯化铈进行了沉淀实验,研究了反应温度、物料浓度、搅拌强度、陈化时间等因素对草酸盐粒度的影响,确定了较佳反应条件:草酸共沉淀法,陈化时间60min,CeCl3浓度1mol· L-1,搅拌速度400r·min-1,反应时间3h,焙烧温度800℃,氨水-草酸pH为1～6,制备了微米级的氧化铈并进行了中...