六苯氧基环三磷腈对PC/ABS合金的阻燃作用

通过极限氧指数测定(LOI)、垂直燃烧试验和锥型量热分析研究了六苯氧基环三磷腈(HPTCP)对聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金的阻燃作用。结果表明:HPTCP对PC/ABS具有良好的阻燃效果。当添加量为15%时,阻燃PC/ABS的LOI为25.0%,阻燃等级达FV-0,并且与未阻燃PC/ABS相比,燃烧时的热释放速率、总热释放量、最高热释放速率、平均热释放速率,平均有效燃烧热和质量损失明显降低;热重分析表明,HPTCP对PC/ABS合金的热稳定性影响较小。热重和残余物分析结果表明,HPTCP主要是通过凝聚相产生阻燃作用,HPTCP的添加可有效抑制PC/ABS的分解,促进它成炭,形成膨胀性炭层,该炭层通过隔热、隔氧及阻止PC/ABS分解产物的挥发而产生阻燃作用。     

滑石粉和间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)协效阻燃PC/ABS合金的研究

用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷表面处理的滑石粉(Talc)与间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)(RDP)复合阻燃质量比为7∶3的聚碳酸酯(PC)/(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)合金,探讨了两者用量对PC/ABS阻燃性能和耐热性能的影响。研究表明,Talc与RDP有一定的协同阻燃作用,添加13.0 wt%Talc和7.0 wt%RDP后,PC/ABS可通过UL-94 V-0级,极限氧指数(LOI)为31.8%,热变形温度比同样阻燃等级、单独添加16.0wt%RDP的PC/ABS(PC/ABS/R-16)高10℃以上。相比于单独用RDP阻燃,滑石粉与RDP复合后的PC/ABS(PC/ABS/R-7/T-13)热重分析图上残炭率从12.8%提高至24.0%,拉曼图谱表示热重分析的炭层的石墨化程度更高;扫描电镜图显示垂直燃烧后残炭的内层更致密,表明滑石粉的加入主要促进了RDP在凝聚相的阻燃作用,有助于体系生成更连续而致密的炭层。     

膨胀型阻燃剂APP/MPR/PEPA的制备及其在ABS中的应用

用氧代-4-羟甲基-2,6,7-三氧杂-1-磷杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷(PEPA)作为成炭剂,用三聚氰胺酚醛树脂(MPR)作为气源和聚磷酸铵(APP)按一定比例复配成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),用于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的阻燃研究。研究IFR的比例和含量对ABS燃烧性能的影响。阻燃实验结果表明,APP/MPR/PEPA质量比按2/1/2和3/3/4比例复配阻燃效果最佳,添加量为30%时,阻燃复合材料燃烧等级达到V-0,氧指数分别为29.4%和29%;热重分析和扫描电镜结果表明,阻燃复合材料热稳定性能较纯ABS有所降低,微观炭层更加致密无孔洞。     

纳米氧化镁对聚碳酸酯阻燃性能的影响

为研究碱土金属氧化物纳米材料对聚碳酸酯阻燃性能的影响,制备了聚碳酸酯/氧化镁(PC/MgO)纳米复合材料,并采用锥形量热测试、热失重分析等方法分析了纳米氧化镁(MgO)对聚碳酸酯(PC)阻燃性能和热稳定性的影响。锥形量热测试结果表明,与纯PC相比,PC/MgO纳米复合材料的二次热释放速率的峰值显著下降;纯PC的总热释放量为53.5 MJ/m~2,而PC/MgO(1.0%)纳米复合材料的总热释放量为41.9 MJ/m~2,减少了21.7%。纯PC的比消光面积(SEA)为363 m~2/kg,而PC/MgO(4.0%)纳米复合材料可以达到487 m~2/kg,增加了34.1%。加入纳米MgO能促进PC基体提前分解成炭,在材料表面形成致密的连续炭层。对比受热生成的炭层照片可知,PC/MgO纳米复合材料在燃烧后能形成表面致密的膨胀炭层,具有较好的阻燃效果。     

磷酸酯与无机阻燃剂协同阻燃PC/ABS合金研究

研究了多聚芳基磷酸酯PX220分别与纳米蒙脱土和硼酸锌复配对聚碳酸酯/丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金的阻燃性能、热稳定性、力学性能及热变形温度的影响。结果表明:用2份纳米蒙脱土和3份硼酸锌分别与10份PX220复配制备阻燃PC/ABS,其氧指数分别达到28%和32%,燃烧性能达到UL94 V-0级。扫描电镜和热重分析表明,复配阻燃剂阻燃PC/ABS合金的炭层能有效隔绝热量的传递,阻止PC/ABS合金热降解,PC/ABS合金热稳定性明显提高。     

线型酚醛与微胶囊红磷阻燃ABS的研究

采用线型酚醛(Novolac)与微胶囊红磷(MRP)复配阻燃,制备了无卤阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)复合材料。研究了Novolac/MRP质量比和用量对阻燃ABS性能的影响。研究结果表明:Novolac/MRP的质量比为3/2,总量为15%(质量分数)时,可以制备极限氧指数(LOI)为26.7%,垂直燃烧(UL94)V-0级的无卤阻燃ABS;Novolac的酚羟基与MRP燃烧产生的聚磷酸在高温下发生的脱水成炭反应减缓了ABS的分解;SEM炭层形貌分析表明:Novolac/MRP复合阻燃ABS材料燃烧表面形成了平整、致密的炭层,该炭层能够有效地隔绝燃烧过程所产生的易燃气体及热量,起到较好的阻燃效果。     

磷酸三苯酯/纤维素阻燃PC/ABS的研究

在共聚物(PC/ABS)合金基体中加入不同比例、不同含量的磷酸三苯酯/微晶纤维素(TPP/MCC)复配阻燃体系,通过熔融共混挤出得到具有阻燃特性的PC/ABS合金。通过极限氧指数测试(LOI)、锥形量热仪测试、垂直燃烧测试等考察了合金材料的阻燃特性。考察了TPP/MCC复配阻燃体系用量对PC/ABS合金力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在PC/ABS合金中加入10份TPP/MCC复配阻燃体系且TPP/MCC质量比为3/1时,得到了极限氧指数达28.0%,垂直燃烧等级为V-0级且力学性能优良的PC/ABS阻燃合金。TPP/MCC的阻燃机理为气相与凝聚相协同阻燃。     

无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金的研制

研究了增容剂苯乙烯-丁二烯-马来酸酐共聚物(MPC 1545R)、四苯基双酚A二磷酸酯(BDP)与磷酸三苯酯(TPP)复配阻燃剂及不同螺杆组合工艺对聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)合金性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜分析了PC/ABS合金的微观结构。结果表明,MPC 1545R对PC/ABS合金起到了较好的增容效果,单一BDP阻燃剂,BDP与TPP复配阻燃剂均可显著提高PC/ABS合金的阻燃性能,BDP与TPP复配阻燃剂的阻燃效果比单一阻燃剂BDP好,当PC,ABS,MPC 1545R,BDP和TPP用量分别为70,30,5,10,3.5份时,制备的无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金的极限氧指数为27.9%、阻燃等级为UL94 V-0级,综合力学性能最好。适当地降低螺杆的剪切强度,提高螺杆的分散能力,可以获得力学、阻燃性能及外观较好的阻燃PC/ABS合金。     

EG和DBDPE/Sb_2O_3协同阻燃ABS的阻燃性能及机理研究

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与十溴二苯乙烷/三氧化二锑(DBDPE/Sb2O3)复配制备ABS阻燃复合材料,通过锥形量热仪和热重分析等方法研究了EG和DBDPE/Sb2O3协同阻燃ABS的燃烧性能,探讨了二者的协同阻燃机理。结果表明:与纯ABS相比,EG与DBDPE/Sb2O3共用使ABS阻燃复合材料的峰值和平均热释放速率分别下降了73.5%和63.8%,峰值质量损失速率降低52.04%,平均有效燃烧热降低19.96%,成炭量增加;EG阻燃ABS为典型的凝聚相阻燃机理,DBDPE/Sb2O3阻燃ABS为气相阻燃机理,二者并用时可以同时发挥凝聚相阻燃和气相阻燃作用,但以凝聚相阻燃机理为主;热重分析表明EG与DBDPE/Sb2O3具有协同作用,ABS分解峰的峰值热失重速率下降25.2%,二者可以互相促进ABS成炭,EG可以保护ABS成炭产物,提高实际成炭量。     

PC/ABS阻燃合金的开发及性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)共混合金,并以磷酸三苯酯/热塑性酚醛树脂(TPP/TPPFR)复配体系作为膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)对其进行阻燃改性。通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击强度测试考察了PC/ABS阻燃合金的力学性能;通过热变形温度(HDT)和熔体流动速率(MFR)测试考察了合金的耐热性能和加工性能;通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧测试考察了合金的阻燃性能。结果表明:当PC与ABS的质量比为4:1,复配阻燃剂TPP/TPPFR的质量比为1:1、添加量为11份时,可得到综合性能优异的PC/ABS阻燃合金。     

聚氨酯/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物弹性体耐磨性及微观分析

为了探究聚合物弹性体耐磨性及微观形态,本文以沙柳液化产物与MDI反应生成聚氨酯为预聚体,EVA/PU进行接枝共聚形成聚合物弹性体,并利用扫面电镜探针显微镜等对聚合物弹性体进行了测试分析。结果表明:当含EVA为10%时材料的硬度达到最大,磨耗率也是最低的,分子的结晶度增大,两相的相容性也达到最佳状态。对EVA/PU弹性共体拉伸断裂面的扫面分析,发现随着EVA的加入量的增大,断面呈现由脆性断裂向韧性断裂过渡,并且在断裂的微观区出现了明显塑性变形。在扫描探针显微图下可以看到EVA/PU之间发生的接枝共聚现象,分子变小,同时分子的高度增加。这就说明EVAL中的游离羟基与PU预聚体发生了接枝反应。     

Effects of ammonium polyphosphate and triphenyl phosphate on the flame retardancy,thermal, and mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced PLA/PC composites

The purpose of this study is to increase of the flammability properties of the glass fiber (GF)–reinforced poly (lactic acid)/polycarbonate (PLA/PC) composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were used as flame retardants that are including the organic phosphor to increase flame retardancy of GF‐reinforced composites. APP, TPP, and APP‐TPP mixture flame retardant including composites were prepared by using extrusion and injection molding methods. The properties of the composites were determined by the tensile test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and heat release rate (HRR) test. The minimum T_g value was observed for the TPP including PLA/PC composites in DSC analysis. The highest tensile strength was observed in GF‐reinforced PLA/PC composites. In the LOI test, GF including composite was burned with the lowest concentration of oxygen, and burning time was the longest of this composite. However, the shortest burning time was obtained by using the mixture flame retardant system. The flame retardancy properties of GF‐reinforced PLA/PC composite was improved by using mixture flame retardant. When analyzed the results of HRR, time to ignition (TTI), and mass loss rate together, the best value was obtained for the composite including APP.     

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

The effect of a hybrid system of nanoclay and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on the fire retardancy of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blend was examined in this study. The nanoclay in the polymers decreased the peak heat release rates (PHRRs) with no significant effect on the ease of ignition and times to extinguishment. Improvements in the flame retardancy were observed only when nanoparticles were used with conventional flame‐retardant (FR) additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI)/UL 94 (Underwriters Laboratory) testing were used to investigate the thermal degradation, fire behavior, and flammability of the materials. The results show that when we used a combination of TPP and nanoclay as an FR system, degradation of the polymer blends was reduced as the TGA curves shifted to higher temperatures. PHRR in cone calorimetry testing decreased from 1032 kW/m² for the PC/ABS blend to 300 kW/m² for the PC/ABS/(12% TPP–2% nanoclay) sample, and the LOI increased from 23 to 35%, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

磷酸酯阻燃PC/ABS合金的研究及应用

研究了磷酸三苯酯（TPP）、间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）、缩聚型固体磷酸酯（PX）和增容增韧剂对聚碳酸酯（PC）/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）合金阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,TPP、RDP、PX均可显著提高PC/ABS合金的阻燃性能,增容增韧剂可以改善体系的力学性能;当PC/ABS为7/3时,分别加入11 %、14 %和12 %（质量分数,下同）的3种阻燃剂,并配以适量的增容增韧剂和其他助剂,可以制得等级为UL94 V-0级的PC/ABS合金。     

Preparation of microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant ABS composites

Microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (MFAHP) with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde resin (MF) was prepared via in situ condensation polymerization. The presence of MFAHP increased the water resistance of flame‐retarded (FR) acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites after hot water treatment. The mechanical properties indicate that the tensile strength and flexural strength of the FR ABS/MFAHP composites is enhanced with the incorporation of MFAHP. Cone calorimeter test results demonstrated that the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release values of the ABS/MFAHP composites were significantly decreased. Digital photos and scanning electron microscopy images of the residues of ABS/25 wt % MFAHP₂ composites exhibited compact char layer structures, with many cobweb‐like nanoparticle arrangements formed on the surface by the burning process. The investigation of flame‐retardant mechanisms of ABS/MFAHP composites using infrared spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicated that both the formation of char residue in the condensed phase and the release of inert gases by the MF shell in the gas phase led to the formation of compact and stable char layers containing carbon/pyrophosphate and aluminum polyphosphate, consequently leading to the good flame‐retardant performance of MFAHP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45008.     

Flame‐retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based on red phosphorus encapsulated by polysiloxane: Flame retardance,thermal stability,and water resistance

Red phosphorus encapsulated by polysiloxane (MRP) was prepared, and the chemical structure and morphology of MRP were characterized by FTIR and TEM, respectively. A series of flame retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene containing MRP (PC/ABS/MRP) were prepared via melt‐blending. The flame retardance of PC/ABS/MRP was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test. It was shown that the LOI value was increased to 27.7 and UL‐94 achieved a V‐0 rating at a 15 wt % loading of MRP. Cone calorimetric results showed that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of PC/ABS/15% MRP decreased from 452.7 to 198.0 kW/m², and the total heat release decreased from 92.9 to 60.7 MJ/m² compared with virgin PC/ABS. Thermal stability analysis showed that the char yield of the PC/ABS/15% MRP increased from 0 to 16.1 wt % under air atmosphere, and from 15.2 to 27.4 wt % under nitrogen atmosphere compared to virgin PC/ABS, respectively. The sample PC/ABS/15% MRP also showed excellent water resistance of flame retardance in 70°C water for 168 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

磷酸酯类阻燃剂在PC／ABS合金中的应用

文章研究了磷酸酯类阻燃剂RDP、BDP以及它们与TPP的协同作用对PC／ABS合金的阻燃性能、热失重行为以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,PC／ABS合金的LOI随着阻燃和的增加而增加,当阻燃剂RDP和BDP添加量均为15％时,LOI达到最大值,分别为363％和35．3％,且均达FV-0级。通过热重分析表明,阻燃PC／ABS比纯PC／ABS合金的分解速率小得多。研究还表明,阻燃剂的协同作用使PC／ABS合金的阻燃性能优于添加单一阻燃剂的PC／ABS合金的阻燃性能。     

Flame retardancy mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate,resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

The flame retardancy mechanisms of three aryl phosphates, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), in a polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC/ABS) blend are investigated and compared. Further, the influence of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) on viscosity and thermal decomposition is discussed in the systems PC/ABS and PC/ABS + BDP. Mechanisms are proposed based on the results of various methods. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetics are used to study the pyrolysis. The fire behaviour is studied by means of cone calorimeter measurements at different heat fluxes and the flammability is specified by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94. Rheology measurements are used to illuminate the changed dripping behaviour due to PTFE. TPP shows only a gas phase action. RDP shows mainly a gas phase action and some condensed phase action. BDP shows a crucial condensed phase action in addition to a gas phase action. TPP and RDP are somewhat superior in terms of flammability (LOI), whereas BDP shows superior performance in forced flaming combustion (cone calorimeter). Synergistic effects between PTFE and BDP are found. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

分子筛对无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金性能的影响

采用分子筛与磷酸酯类阻燃剂(P-2)复配制备了高耐热、无卤阻燃聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)合金.研究了4A分子筛、13X分子筛与P-2复配对Pc/ABs合金阻燃性能、力学性能、热稳定性能的影响.结果表明,分子筛与P-2的复配能有效地缩短PC/ABS合金余焰燃烧时间;分子筛使PC/ABS合金体系...