CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-V_2O_3四元系活度模型

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-V2O3四元系活度模型。应用该模型计算出的活度数据,对用钒氧化物矿代替钒铁直接合金化冶炼高速钢的工艺过程进行了热力学计算和分析。用此活度数据计算了Al作还原剂时渣的平衡成分。计算结果表明,渣中V2O3的质量分数极低,直接合金化的热力学条件好,钒的理论最大还原率高。通过计算钢中或渣中的各种还原剂还原渣中V2O3的ΔG和LV,表明在炼钢工艺常用的所有还原剂中,Al的还原能力最强。     

CaO-SiO2-V2O3三元系活度模型及其应用

 根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论建立了CaO SiO2 V2O3三元系活度模型,应用该模型对用钒氧化物矿代替钒铁直接合金化冶炼高速钢的工艺过程进行了热力学计算和分析。 结果表明：在高温下,SiC比Si、C的还原性能强。SiC和Si与V2O3反应时渣钢间V的分配比随碱度的提高而下降,而C与V2O3反应时渣钢间V的分配比随碱度变化不大。Si和C与V2O3反应时渣钢间V的分配比随Si、C含量的提高而下降。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-V2O3四元系活度模型及其应用

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-V2O3四元系活度模型,应用该模型计算出的活度数据,对用钒氧化物矿代替钒铁直接合金化冶炼高速钢的工艺过程进行了热力学计算和分析.用此活度数据计算了Al作还原剂时渣的平衡成分,计算结果表明渣中V2O3的含量极低,直接合金化的热力学条件好,钒理论最大还原率高.通过该活度数据计算钢中或渣中的各种还原剂还原渣中V2O3的△G和Lv,计算结果表明Al是所有还原剂中还原能力最强的.     

MIVM对FeO-MgO-SiO2-V2O3四元熔渣体系组元活度的预测

应用分子相互作用体积模型(MIVM)及其伪多元法对FeO-MgO-SiO2和CaO-MgO-FeO-SiO2熔渣中FeO组元的活度进行了验证性预测研究.结果表明:MIVM伪多元法预测值与实验值吻合良好.在此基础上,利用MIVM建立了FeO-MgO-V2O3-SiO2和CaO-FeO-V2 O3-SiO2四元熔渣组元活度的计算式,并计算了该熔渣中V2O3、CaO、MgO、FeO和SiO2的活度;分析了用CaO取代MgO时,FeO含量的变化对其各组元活度的影响,当用CaO取代MgO时,熔渣中各组元的活度都明显减小.     

Activity model and its application in quarternary system CaO-FeO-SiO2-WO3

 The activity model of CaO-FeO-SiO2-WO3 quarternary system was established according to the coexistence theory of slag structure and the reduction thermodynamics of scheelite was discussed by applying this model. The activities of SiO2 and WO3 decrease, while that of CaO increases with increasing the basicity of slag. Among SiC, [C] and [Si] reactants, the reducing capability of SiC is the strongest, while that of [C] is the poorest at a high temperature (about 1873 K). It is advantageous to increase the yield of tungsten by increasing the content of [Si] or [C]. Oxidizability of slag has a significant effect on the yield of tungsten. Controlling of basicity and oxidizability of slag can prevent the oxidation loss of tungsten.     

CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3脱磷渣系中组元活度的计算

2CaO·SiO_2-3CaO·P_2O_5含磷固溶体的生成可提高转炉液相渣的脱磷能力,减少渣量.但目前CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3渣系中各组元活度的变化规律尚不明确,无法为分析含磷固溶体的形成机理提供理论依据.为此,本文依据分子离子共存理论建立了熔渣组元的活度模型,分析了不同条件下组元活度的变化规律.结果表明:随渣中Al_2O_3含量的增加,2CaO·SiO_2、3CaO·P_2O_5、3FeO·P_2O_5的活度逐渐降低;随着碱度的增大,3CaO·P_2O_5的活度升高,2CaO·SiO_2、3FeO·P_2O_5的活度则呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着渣中FeO含量的增加,2CaO·SiO_2、3FeO·P_2O_5及CaO·Al_2O_3的活度逐渐增大,并在w(FeO)为15%时达到最大值,之后逐渐降低;升高温度会导致CaO、3CaO·SiO_2的活度增大,2CaO·SiO_2的活度降低.     

酸性精炼渣系SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO中Al_2O_3活度计算模型

为了获得帘线钢软吹终点钢水酸溶铝含量与渣中Al2O3之间平衡的热力学数据,本文根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论,建立了Si O2-Al2O3-Ca O-Mg O-Fe O-Mn O六元渣系的活度计算模型.计算得到了炼钢温度下酸性精炼渣中Al2O3的活度值,并分析了w(Mg O)和碱度w(Ca O)/w(Si O2)对Al2O3相关组元活度的影响,为帘线钢钢水软吹酸性渣精炼脱铝提供指导.     

四元渣系CaO-FeO-SiO2-V2O3的活度模型及应用

根据分子离子共存理论建立了CaO-FeO-SiO2-V2O3四元渣系活度计算模型.计算结果表明,渣中V2O3的活度系数与实测值吻合.V2O3活度系数的影响因素主要为炉渣碱度和渣中氧化铁含量.冶炼含钒合金钢时,钒的收得率主要与冶炼钢种成分、炉渣成分和渣量有关,其中炉渣氧化铁的活度和渣量对钒的收得率影响显著.对于钒铁、V2O5和钒渣等合金添加剂用于冶炼含钒合金钢的计算表明,钒铁收得率最高,而钒渣的收得率最差,且只能用于冶炼微钒合金钢种.     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-MnO四元熔渣活度模型的研究

 针对碱度、温度、熔渣氧化性及目标锰含量对锰直接合金化过程的影响,通过熔渣理化性能分析,应用分子-离子共存理论建立了四元熔渣活度模型及渣-钢间锰分配比模型,并应用该模型对锰直接合金化过程熔渣碱度、温度、氧化性及锰含量的影响进行了研究,为锰直接合金化冶炼工艺优化提供了理论依据。模型计算结果表明,直接合金化过程熔渣适宜的二元碱度为1.4~2.0;熔渣低氧化性有利于锰直接合金化反应进行,提高锰的收得率;从热力学方面分析,目标锰含量(0.5%~3%,质量分数,下同)越高,锰冶炼平衡收得率越高;炼钢温度为1450~1650℃时,温度变化对锰直接合金化影响较小。     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3渣系黏度结构分析及Iida模型应用

 为了实现冶炼铬铁合金过程中含铬渣系黏度的精准控制,从微观结构方面研究了碱度及Cr2O3质量分数变化对铬铁冶炼渣系黏度的影响并优化了Iida黏度预测模型。通过转筒法测量CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3渣系黏度,结合拉曼光谱从熔渣微观结构方面阐述了Cr2O3质量分数及碱度变化对CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3渣系黏度的影响。结果表明,熔渣黏度与其表征聚合度的BO参数值均随Cr2O3质量分数的增加而升高,随二元碱度值的增大而降低,熔渣黏度与渣系聚合度变化趋势相一致。根据测量得到的含Cr2O3熔渣黏度数据,进一步优化了Iida黏度预测模型。经过优化后的模型计算黏度值与实际测值吻合较好,利用Iida黏度模型可在较大的温度与成分范围内进行含铬渣黏度的预测。     

温度对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO高炉渣系Al2O3活度的影响

 Al₂O₃作为熔渣中的主要组元之一,其对熔渣的冶金性能的影响尤为突出。对于高炉炼铁而言,高炉渣中Al₂O₃增加会对炼铁及脱硫造成不利影响。然而,随着中国钢铁工业的不断发展,相对低廉的高Al₂O₃进口铁矿石使用量不断攀升,使得高炉渣中Al₂O₃含量明显增加,高炉渣中Al₂O₃质量分数往往大于15%,更高的甚至大于20%。目前关于高Al₂O₃高炉渣系中Al₂O₃组元的热力学性质(例如采用参考渣法测定Al₂O₃的活度)及其对炉渣冶金性能的影响等研究鲜有报道,而温度是影响冶金熔渣冶金性能的重要热力学因素之一,因此探讨温度对冶金熔渣中Al₂O₃组元活度影响的规律不仅具有重要的研究意义,同时也为现场实践提供坚实的理论依据。采用参考渣法对1 773～1 873 K温度条件下CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO高炉渣系Al₂O₃活度进行测定,并采用Raman光谱对熔渣的结构进行检测。考察了温度对CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO高炉渣系Al₂O₃活度的影响。结果表明,随着温度的增加,熔渣中Al₂O₃的化学势降低,熔渣与铜金属熔液之间的反应向右移动来达到新的平衡,因而Al₂O₃的活度随着温度的增加逐渐降低。温度的增加使熔渣中Al₂O₃与碱性金属氧化物发生反应,使钙铝酸盐(CaO·Al₂O₃和CaO·2Al₂O₃)和镁铝酸盐(MgO·Al₂O₃)等复合物生成量增加,此时熔渣的结构由于O2-的增加而逐渐发生解聚,熔渣中的自由Al₂O₃减少,从而导致Al₂O₃活度逐渐降低。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系脱磷行为

利用Factsage软件计算了Al2O3含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系熔点和黏度的影响,并通过实验研究了在1 400℃时,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系对高磷铁水脱磷行为的影响.结果表明:渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间时,随着A12O3含量的增加,渣系的熔化温度迅速降低,进一步增加渣中的A12O3含量,渣系的熔化温度逐渐增加;Al2O3对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系的黏度影响不大;渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间变化时,渣系脱磷能力变化不是很大,脱磷率维持在91％左右,进一步增加渣系中A12O3的量,脱磷率逐渐下降;Al2O3对脱磷率产生影响可能是其改变了炉渣中液相所占比例,进而影响磷从铁水中向液相渣的传质过程.     

基于IMCT理论的CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Na2O渣系的脱硫热力学模型

 为了精确表征含Na2O渣系的脱硫能力，改善脱硫效果，基于熔渣离子与分子共存理论（IMCT）建立了CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Na2O渣系结构单元的作用浓度计算模型和1 753 K时该渣系的脱硫热力学模型。并对渣系的总硫分配比及各自硫分配比的影响因素进行了讨论分析。理论结果表明，除LS， MgS外，随着Al2O3质量分数的增加，该渣系的脱硫能力明显下降，而MgO和Na2O质量分数的增加，对提高渣系的脱硫能力具有明显的促进作用。此外，少量的Na2O即可表现出很强的脱硫效果，这为含有Na2O的冶金二次资源在铁水脱硫过程中的应用以及铁水脱硫渣系的优化提供了必要的理论依据。     

Activity Calculation Model for Ternary Slag System of Al2O3-BaO-B2O3

According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory, the activity model of Al₂O₃-BaO-B₂O₃ ternary slag system was established, and the influences of BaO/Al₂O₃ molar ratio, B₂O₃ mole fraction and temperature on the activity of the slag system were investigated. Finally, the equal activity curves were drawn with the model results. The results show that with the increase of BaO/Al₂O₃ ratio, the activity of Al₂O₃ is significantly reduced, the activity of BaO ? Al₂O₃ is increased obviously, and the activity of 2Al₂O₃ ? B₂O₃ is also decreased. With the increase of B₂O₃ mole fraction, the activity of BaO ? Al₂O₃ decreased significantly, while the activities of BaO ? 2B₂O₃ and 2Al₂O₃ ? B₂O₃ increased. In addition, the influence of temperature on the activities of different components is comparatively smaller than the influence of BaO/Al₂O₃ ratio and B₂O₃ mole fraction.     

Dissolution Behavior of Chromite Ore in CaO-SiO2 System

Numerous investigations proposed that the dissolution of chromite ore is the rate-controlling step for the smelting reduction of chromite ore. The mechanism of chromite ore dissolution in the binary CaO-SiO₂ system is presented. The effect of basicity, temperature, and reducing conditions on chromite ore dissolution is elaborated. The solubility of chromite ore increases considerably when the basicity increases from 0.56 to 0.65. However, the solubility of chromite ore decreases when the basicity further increases from 0.65 to 0.74. The positive effect of reducing conditions on the solubility of chromite ore is evident. The maximum dissolved Cr₂O₃ in slag under reducing conditions by using a graphite crucible reaches 2.6 wt% after 15 min of dissolution. The element diffusion behavior at the chromite/slag interface is elaborated through SEM-EDS technology. The analysis suggests that the rate-controlling step in the early stage is the interface dissolution reaction. After a certain time, the rate-controlling step becomes the mass transfer of Cr₂O₃ from the chromite ore to the chromite/slag interface. The activation energy of the dissolution reaction is $E_{\mathrm{r}}$ = 285.29 kJ mol⁻¹.     

CaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3熔渣的热力学计算模型

根据CaO-SiO2、CaO-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3二元相图确定了熔渣的结构单元,利用熔渣的分子离子共存理论建立了CaO-SiO2-B2O3三元熔渣活度模型。通过对模型求解,可以计算出熔渣中CaO、SiO2、B2O3、CS、C2S、C3B、C2B、CB和CB2的组分活度。分析了熔渣碱度、B2O3含量及温度对熔渣组分活度的影响,其中熔渣碱度的影响最大,B2O3含量的影响次之,温度的影响最小。     

Activity of MnO in MnO‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2‐Al2O3 Slags at 1500 °C

A thermodynamic study was made on the MnO‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂‐Al₂O₃ slags that are typical of the production of ferromanganese in submerged arc furnaces. The Al₂O₃ content of the slags was kept constant at 5 per cent by mass. The activity‐composition relationship in Pt‐Mn binary alloys were re‐determined for calibration purposes at 1300, 1400 and 1500°C and po₂ values between 5.40×10^?6 and 4.54×10^?13 atm. A linear regression equation was derived to predict the activity coefficients of manganese, in Pt‐Mn alloys at 1500°C. The effect of concentration, basicity ratio and CaO‐to‐MgO ratio on MnO activities in above mentioned complex slags was investigated at 1500 °C and at two different po₂ values of 4.76×10^?7 and 5.80×10^?8 atm. It was found that a_Mno values increase with increasing MnO, and tend to increase with an increasing CaO‐to‐MgO ratio. The a_MnO values also increase with increasing basicity ratio. The activity coefficient of MnO increases with an increase in its mole fraction in the slag. Quadratic multivariable regression model equations which represent the activity data successfully and which can be used to predict the MnO activities in the compositional range of this study were developed. The MnO activity data was interpreted in terms of a slag model which describes the thermodynamic properties of the slag successfully.     

Viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-B2O3 slags

The viscosity of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags with 8% MgO and 4% B₂O₃ is investigated over a broad range of composition, by means of a simplex-lattice experiment design. For slag of basicity 6–8 in the upper left region of the local simplex, with 15–25% Al₂O₃, 8% MgO, and 4% B₂O₃, the viscosity is high: 9.4–26.4 P over the range 1500–1530°C. Displacement of the slags of basicity 5–8 to the lower region of the local simplex ensures high fluidity in the given range of Al₂O₃ concentration: the viscosity is 1.5–6.1 P over the range 1500–1530°C.     

Fe-Cr-C金属与CaO-SiO2-MgO-(Al2O3)-CrOx渣反应平衡时渣中Cr含量预测

摘要：冶炼不锈钢或高温还原法处理不锈钢工业典型固废时,渣金反应终点渣中残Cr含量 (w(Cr)slag)的高低是评价还原操作经济性以及残渣是否无害的关键参数。借助热化学软件FactSage,计算了Fe-Cr-C熔体中［Cr］的活度、反应体系的氧势及CaO-SiO2-MgO-(Al2O3)-CrOx-O2熔渣的等活度图,并构建了残Cr预测模型,综合讨论了平衡态时金属成分(［Cr］、［C］含量)、熔渣成分(二元碱度、MgO、Al2O3)以及温度对渣中残Cr含量的影响,得到了不同条件下渣中残Cr含量的极限值。实验室试验结果与模型预测结果基本一致,验证了模型的可靠性。     

Stability of Fluorine-Free CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-Na2O Mold Fluxes

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - B2O3 and Na2O are key components of fluorine-free mold fluxes for continuous casting, but both are highly volatile, which affects the flux stability....