活化煤矸石基免烧砖胶凝性能的研究

对六盘水矿区煤矸石原粉组成进行分析,测定了煤矸石原粉和活化煤矸石粉制备免烧砖的胶凝性能,系统地研究了机械、热、化学及复合活化方式对原状煤矸石活性激发作用。研究表明,六盘水矿区煤矸石属于高铁高砂型煤矸石,活化煤矸石能够显著提高煤矸石基免烧砖的胶凝性能,复合活化效果优于单一活化方式,复合活化的煤矸石能够大幅度地提高免烧砖的胶凝性能,达到JC/T422-91(96)《非烧结普通黏土砖》MU15的标准。     

水泥熟料-粉煤灰体系中粉煤灰活性的复合激发研究

通过水泥砂浆强度试验方法研究了水泥熟料-粉煤灰体系中添加CaO、Na2SO4、明矾等化学物质对其中的粉煤灰活性的激发效果,同时借助于XRD和SEM分析了水泥硬化浆体的组成和微观结构.研究结果表明:CaO-Na2SO4-明矾复合添加能够很好地激发粉煤灰活性,使粉煤灰水泥早期强度降低程度减小.采用42.5等级硅酸盐水泥熟料,粉煤灰掺量高达50％时水泥强度仍然能够达到42.5等级指标.XRD分析表明,CaO-NaSO4-明矾复合激发剂的加入引起了水泥硬化体样品中石英和Ca(OH)2衍射峰的降低,说明它们在一定程度上促进了水泥水化放出的Ca(OH)2与粉煤灰中酸性氧化物的反应,从而加剧粉煤灰潜在活性的快速释放.水泥硬化体样品的SEM照片显示,CaO-Na2 SO4-明矾的加入,使粉煤灰球体表面腐蚀明显,硬化体结构更加致密化.     

劣质煤矸石制备免烧砖

以六盘水矿区劣质的高铁高砂煤矸石为主要原料,掺入适量矿渣等固体废弃物和激发剂,经过加压成型后,在120℃下,采用蒸汽养护方式制成煤矸石免烧砖.研究了矿渣细度、物料含水量以及激发剂掺量对免烧砖抗压强度的影响.结果表明:固体废弃物利用率达到80％以上,制品各项性能指标符合JC/T422-91 (96)《非烧结普通粘土砖》MU15标准的规定.     

少熟料煤矸石水泥的试验研究

从充分发挥煤矸石潜在活性的观点出发,在热活化的基础上采用化学激发的方法处理煤矸石,以达到用较少量的优质熟料辅以高度激发的活性废渣制备大量高性能水泥的目的。试验尝试采用CaO,Na2SO4和废渣磷石膏作复合激发剂,生产少熟料煤矸石水泥,通过对其强度和水化体系进行研究,找出三种激发剂的最佳配合比。在试验所采用的几种配比中,以5％磷石膏＋3％CaO＋2％Na2SO4的配比最好,煤矸石的掺入量可以达到50％,水泥净浆小试体28d强度可达48．1MPa。该水泥水化产物除了有C—S—H凝胶和钙矾石外,还生成网络状结构的无定形硅铝凝胶Na6[AlSiO4]6．4H2O。     

烟气脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料活性激发的量热研究

将燃煤电厂的2大固体废弃物烟气脱硫石膏和粉煤灰变废为宝,研制出绿色环保的免煅烧脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料.采用八通道热导式等温量热仪,通过研究单掺激发剂:氧化钙、硫酸铝、硅酸钠及三乙醇胺对脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化放热影响,得出各激发剂单独作用时胶凝材料的活性激发规律.在此基础上,通过正交试验得到脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中三种激发剂最佳配比:CaO为10％,Al2(SO4)3为7％,Na2SiO3为0.3％,且影响复合胶凝材料反应放热量的主次顺序为:Al2(SO4)3＞CaO＞Na2SiO3.     

钢渣矿渣基全固废胶凝材料的化学活化

为了促进钢铁冶金渣的高附加值应用,以钢渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏为原料制备胶凝材料,研究了不同掺量CaO或Na2SO4对胶凝材料的化学活化作用,并利用XRD、SEM对掺入激发剂胶凝材料的水化产物进行了分析.结果表明,掺入少量CaO或者 Na2SO4的胶凝材料净浆试块早期抗压强度会有一定的提高,后期强度变化不大;但当Na2SO4掺量超过2%时,净浆试块的抗压强度会降低.掺入激发剂对胶凝材料的水化产物种类不会造成影响,其水化产物主要包括钙矾石(AFt)、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和氢氧化钙(CH).     

增强剂对磷石膏基建筑石膏性能的影响

以云南安宁某磷肥厂的磷石膏为原料,以此来制备磷石膏基建筑石膏.采用Na2SO4、尿素(CO(NH2)2)、Al2(SO4)3、Al(OH)3四种增强剂,考察不同增强剂的掺量对磷石膏基建筑石膏的凝结时间、抗折抗压强度的影响.结果表明:当Na2SO4掺入量为0.5wt％时,试件整体强度最高,改性建筑石膏试件2h抗压强度提升7.84％,绝干抗压强度提升11.78％;当Al(OH)3掺入量为0.7wt％时,试件整体强度最高,改性磷石膏基建筑石膏试件2h抗压强度提升11.32％,绝干抗压强度提升12.36％;当CO(NH2)2掺入量为0.5wt％时,试件整体强度最高,改性磷石膏基建筑石膏砌块2h抗压强度提升12.34％,绝干抗压强度提升14.22％;当Al2(SO4)3掺入量为1.5wt％时,试件整体强度最高,改性磷石膏基建筑石膏试件抗折强度提升较小,2h抗压强度提升17.62％,绝干抗压强度提升19.29％.改性效果最好的增强剂为硫酸铝,掺入量为1.5wt％;通过对掺杂增强剂后石膏试件SEM表征,初步对石膏改性过程进行了机理分析,为磷石膏基建筑石膏改性提供了理论依据,研究成果具有较好的应用价值.     

粉煤灰—矿渣水泥的碱激发规律研究

以粉煤灰、矿渣为基本原料,以水玻璃为碱激发剂,研究了在实验条件下制备粉煤灰—矿渣基水泥的碱激发规律。结果表明,粉煤灰、矿渣的相对掺加量、水玻璃的掺量及模数、熟料、Na2SO4、CaO掺加量对强度都有显著的影响。     

Na2SO4对煅烧煤矸石的激发效应

利用TG-DSC、XRD、等温量热计、SEM、Ca(OH)2含量测定等方法,比较研究了掺与不掺Na2SO4时煅烧煤矸石水泥早期水化过程中的Ca(OH)2含量、水化放热速率、水化产物及其形貌、浆体力学强度的差别,分析了Na2SO4对水泥早期水化过程中煅烧煤矸石的激发作用.结果表明,掺入Na2SO4后,水泥试样在水化减速期早期阶段的水化放热速率高,二次水化产物形成的时间早.这反映出Na2SO4对水泥中煅烧煤矸石有明显的激发效应.其外,水泥浆体试样中Ca(OH)2含量明显降低,水泥水化加速期延续的时间短,水化放热速率高;结果还表明,在水化早期,掺Na2SO4的煅烧煤矸石水泥有较多的CSH凝胶和AFt,较少的Ca(OH)2.     

激发剂对赤泥轻质免烧砖强度的影响

以赤泥、粉煤灰、水泥为主要原料,掺加一定量的激发剂和发泡剂,制备了赤泥轻质免烧砖。研究了激发剂掺量对赤泥轻质免烧砖性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜对赤泥轻质免烧砖进行了微观形貌分析。结果表明,当激发剂掺量为1%时,制得的试样性能较好,与空白式样相比,抗折强度提高了64.4%,抗压强度提高了44.1%。     

利用活化粉煤灰制备高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖

研究了分别经机械和化学活化后的粉煤灰对高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:用磨细粉煤灰代替原灰配料,可以改善烧结砖的力学性能,尤其是砖的抗压强度能显著提高。当用掺量质量分数为60%的磨细灰制砖时,烧结砖的抗压强度提高至原灰烧结砖的2倍,并且有更为致密的微结构。在粉煤灰砖中加入质量分数为2%的外加剂D进行化学活化后,可明显改善干坯强度,并提高烧结砖的抗压强度。     

CaO和Na2SO4活化高P钢渣微粉—水泥胶凝材料的研究

高P钢渣含P量偏高,掺入高P钢渣微粉的钢渣—水泥胶凝材料凝结时间偏长,且早期强度过低,使其使用受到很大的限制。试验采用Ca O和Na2SO4作为高P钢渣的活化剂,并进行了一系列的试验研究。结果表明:(1)适量的Ca O可以缩短高P钢渣微粉—水泥胶凝材料凝结时间,提高其各龄期强度;(2)Na2SO4对高P钢渣微粉—水泥胶凝材料凝结时间无显著影响,适量Na2SO4可以提高高P钢渣微粉—水泥胶凝材料的1d、3d强度,过量Na2SO4会降低高P钢渣微粉—水泥胶凝材料28d强度;(3)作为高P钢渣的活化剂,Ca O的适宜掺量为4%,Na2SO4的适宜掺量1%。     

Bonding mechanism and performance of rectorite/ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks

In this study, the bonding mechanism and normal/high temperature performance of rectorite clay or ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks were investigated by using different techniques (XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, particle size distribution and rheology). The results showed that clay particles are separated into layer structural units in water due to the hydration swelling and electrostatic repulsive force, and rectorite layer structural units have larger aspect ratio than ball clay. Rectorite layer structural units form band-type structure with “face to face” after drying results in better bonding performance than ball clay (card-house structure with “edge to face”). The cold crushing strength of 9% rectorite/ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks after firing at the dehydroxylation temperature for 3 h reach 71 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively, and which can satisfy the strength requirement for the transportation and use of most high alumina bricks. The secondary mullitization and lower liquid phase content of ball clay bonded unfired high alumina brick under high temperature cause it has higher refractoriness under load and lower linear shrinkage than rectorite clay bonded brick. The T_0.6 refractoriness under load of 9% rectorite/ball clay bonded unfired high alumina brick are 1262.6 °C and 1580.3 °C, respectively. Thus, the 9% ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks have wider service temperature range than 9% rectorite bonded bricks.     

Effect of Fused MgO-ZrO_2 Clinker Addition on Thermal Shock Resistance of MgO-ZrO_2 Unfired Bricks

MgO-ZrO2 unfired bricks with ZrO2 content up to 8% at the interval of 2% were prepared,using fused magnesia(MgO:97%)and fused MgO-ZrO2 clinker(ZrO2:14.33%)as starting materials and phenolic resin as binder.The effects of ZrO2 content on thermal shock resistance(TSR)and other properties such as cold and hot modulus of rupture have been investigated.Residual cold modulus of rupture ratio after heating at 1 000 ℃ and quenching by air blowing was adopted to characterize TSR.Addition of the MgO-ZrO2 clinker impr...     

A study of fly ash-lime granule unfired brick

In this paper, the properties of fly ash-lime granule unfired bricks are studied. Granules were prepared from mixtures of fly ash and lime at fly ash to hydrated lime ratios of 100:0 (Ca/Si = 0.2), 95:5 (Ca/Si = 0.35) and 90:10 (Ca/Si = 0.5). After a period of moist curing, the microstructure and mineralogy of the granules were studied. Microstructure examination reveals that new phases in the form of needle-like particles are formed at the surface of granule. The granules were used to make unfired bricks using hydrothermal treatment at temperature of 130 ± 5 °C and pressure of 0.14 MPa. The microstructures, mineralogical compositions, mechanical properties and environmental impact of bricks were determined.The results reveal that the strengths of unfired bricks are dependent on the fineness of fly ash. The strength is higher with an increase in fly ash fineness. The strengths of the fly ash-lime granule unfired brick are excellent at 47.0-62.5 MPa. The high strength is due to the formation of new products consisting mainly of hibschite and Al-substituted 11 Å tobermorite. The main advantage of utilization of granule is the ability to increase the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash through moisture retained in the granule. In addition, the heavy elements, in particular Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn are efficiently retained in the fly ash-lime granule unfired brick.     

添加剂对铁精矿制备还原铁粉的影响

以铁品位70.25%、SiO2含量1.86%的铁精矿为原料,探究添加剂（CaO、Na2CO3、Na2SO4）对铁精矿制备还原铁粉的影响。采用热力学计算对添加剂与硅酸亚铁（Fe2SiO4）的反应进行了分析,其中CaO与Fe2SiO4反应的热力学条件最佳,反应起始温度最低为650 K。随后在1423 K下,研究了添加剂对碳-氢两步法还原铁精矿的影响。添加Na2CO3效果最佳,铁精矿粉经两步法还原、磁选后,所得产物中的T. Fe含量高达98.32%,SiO2含量低至0.93%;而添加CaO的产物中的T. Fe含量为93.27%,SiO2为1.65%。添加CaO可以抑制Fe2SiO4的生成,但由于金属铁将Ca与Si形成的新相（3CaO?SiO2）包裹在中心,使其通过磁选难以去除。