ZnSn(OH)6空心粒子的制备及光催化性能

分别以锌离子和氧化锌作为锌源,利用水热法制备了ZnSn(OH)6粒子.锌的存在状态影响反应过程,进而影响了样品的物相、形貌和性能.以锌离子为锌源时,可以得到立方相ZnSn(OH)6空心粒子,若以氧化锌作为锌源,会得到ZnSn(OH)6/SnO2混合相,没有生成空心结构.在相同的制备条件下,制备了ZnO和SnO2作为对比样品.样品的结构、形貌和尺寸采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段进行了表征;并以甲基橙为降解对象,研究了不同样品的光催化性能.与ZnSn(OH)6/SnO2混合相、ZnO和SnO2相比,ZnSn(OH)6空心粒子具有很强的吸附能力和大的禁带宽度,表现出优异的光催化性能.     

有序介孔SnO2-聚合物复合材料的合成与表征

以水合四氯化锡为锡源,酚醛树脂为碳源,三嵌段共聚物F127为结构导向剂,通过溶剂挥发诱导自组装技术一步法合成有序介孔SnO2-聚合物复合材料.XRD、TEM和氮气吸附等温线等表征结果表明介孔SnO2-聚合物复合材料具有有序的二维六方结构,高比表面积(310～530m2/g),大孔容(0.28～0.47 cm3/g)和均...     

单分散氢氧化钙/聚苯乙烯微球的制备与表征

以葡萄糖水溶液为反应介质,在氧化钙消化成氢氧化钙的过程中,加入苯乙烯单体和引发剂,采用原位悬浮聚合法成功制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆氢氧化钙[Ca(OH)2]形成Ca(OH)2/PS微球.考察了葡萄糖水溶液、苯乙烯、稳定剂聚乙烯醇以及反应温度对单分散Ca(OH)2/PS微球的粒径及粒子分散系数的影响,得出较佳合成条件.在较佳条件下制备的Ca(OH)2/PS微球平均粒径为30～40 μm,粒子分散系数为0.08～0.10.扫描电镜照片表明,Ca(OH)2/PS具有良好的球形度,表面光滑、无破损.红外光谱表征显示,产物为Ca(OH)2/PS微球.     

ZnSn(OH)6基纳米材料在环境光催化中的应用

本征ZnSn(OH)₆具有较宽的带隙(约4.0eV)，价带和导带位置使其具有较高的氧化还原电势，有利于驱动光催化氧化还原反应，在环境净化和能源开发等领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文从ZnSn(OH)₆物理和化学性质出发，介绍了ZnSn(OH)₆晶体结构和表面结构，分析了制备方法对光催化性能的影响；基于ZnSn(OH)₆在光催化方面的应用研究，总结了ZnSn(OH)₆的改性策略，包括引入缺陷、元素掺杂、构建异质结、晶面调控；最后，重点概述了ZnSn(OH)₆基光催化材料在能源(产氢、二氧化碳还原)和环境领域(污水治理、空气净化)的应用。同时指出ZnSn(OH)₆基光催化剂在实际应用研究方面仍处于初步阶段，需要进一步探究改性策略对ZnSn(OH)₆应用需求的精准性，拓展其应用场景，为后续研究工作提供方向和思路，加速其工业化应用的进程。     

SiO2用量对单分散聚脲多孔微球的影响

通过沉淀聚合,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为单体,质量比为3:7的水与丙酮的混合溶液为溶剂,Si O2纳米颗粒为模板制备Si O2/聚脲复合微球,用Na OH溶液刻蚀掉Si O2后得到聚脲多孔微球。固定IPDI用量,改变模板Si O2纳米颗粒的用量制取聚脲多孔微球,用扫描电子显微镜观察微球的形貌,并对聚脲多孔微球的粒径、单分散性进行了测算。结果表明,不加Si O2纳米颗粒制得的实心聚脲微球粒径不均一,加入Si O2纳米颗粒后,制得的聚多孔脲微球的粒径增大,单分散性提高。     

Zn2SnO4的制备及其对软质聚氯乙烯的阻燃研究

以结晶四氯化锡和硝酸锌为原料,通过2步煅烧法制备锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4)阻燃剂;通过极限氧指数、烟密度等级和残炭量研究了Zn2SnO4对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃和消烟性能的影响,同时对力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Zn2SnO4的用量为15份时,对软质PVC的阻燃消烟效果明显,其极限氧指数可达36.0 %、烟密度等级为86.2 %、残炭率为29.7 %、拉伸强度为25.47 MPa、断裂伸长率为168 %;利用热重分析、差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对阻燃PVC进一步进行表征,结果表明Zn2SnO4的加入促使软质PVC的起始分解温度降低,残炭量增加,燃烧后剩炭结构致密,阻燃效果明显。     

以碳球为模板制备空心结构锡酸锌及其在PVC中的阻燃应用

以碳球为模板,四氯化锡、硝酸锌为原料,采用水热煅烧法制备了空心结构的锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4),用于处理废水中的重金属离子并作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)的阻燃剂重新利用。通过极限氧指数、透射电子显微镜、锥形量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对Zn2SnO4及其阻燃PVC进行表征。结果表明,当添加10 g Zn2SnO4时,对应阻燃PVC的极限氧指数为31.4 %,比纯PVC提高了6.5 %;阻燃PVC的断裂伸长率为241 %,与纯PVC相差不大;阻燃PVC的总热量(HTHR) 降低了30.6 %,总烟量(RTSP)降低了54.3 %。     

Sb:SnO2纳米粉末材料的制备研究

以四氯化锡、三氯化锑、氨水为原料，采用胶溶法制得纳米级Sb：SnO2粉末．用X射线衍射和透射电镜对产品进行分析。考察了影响产品性能的各种因素．获得较佳的工艺条件。     

α-FeO(OH)微球在光催化降解甲基橙中的应用

α-FeO(OH)在光催化降解偶氮染料方面已突显出其独特的优势。采用水热法制备α-FeO(OH)微球,并以此为催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察α-FeO(OH)微球对甲基橙的吸附作用及α-FeO(OH)/H₂O₂/Vis体系对甲基橙的降解,探讨在α-FeO(OH)/H₂O₂/Vis体系中催化降解甲基橙的机理。采用XRD和SEM对催化剂进行表征,研究pH和H₂O₂浓度对催化性能的影响。结果表明,pH为6.5和H₂O₂浓度为1.2 mol·L^-1时,催化效果最佳,α-FeO(OH)微球和工业级α-FeO(OH)对甲基橙降解率分别为94.3%和28.6%,制备的α-FeO(OH)微球的催化效果明显优于工业级α-FeO(OH),α-FeO(OH)的性质与其结构和形貌关系较大。     

丙烯酸酯橡胶导电微球的制备方法

正由青岛欧美亚橡胶工业有限公司申请的专利(公开号CN 104651810A,公开日期2015-05-27)"丙烯酸酯橡胶导电微球的制备方法",提供了一种丙烯酸酯橡胶导电微球的制备方法:(1)将经碱洗、烘干的丙烯酸酯橡胶微球加入到氯化锡敏化液中进行敏化处理;(2)将处理过的微球加入银氨活化液中活化还原3次;(3)将活化的微球加入初始镀铜液中进行镀铜反应,以3 mL·min~(-1)     

Hydrolytic Condensation of Tin(IV) Alkoxide Compounds to Form Particles with Well-Defined Morphology

The sol-gel-type condensation of tin(IV) ethoxide [Sn(OEt)₄] n (where OEt is ethoxide) under basic conditions produced spherical, submicrometer-sized tin(IV) oxide (cassiterite) particles. Transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction data indicated that the grain size was approximately 20 to 30 Å (2 to 3 nm). The mixed-metal alkoxide compound [ZnSn(OEt)₆] was hydrolyzed under analogous conditions to give either spherical or octahedral submicrometer-sized crystalline particles of ZnSn(OH)₆ depending on the solvents used. These data demonstrated that the stoichiometry of the mixed-metal alkoxide precursor was retained during condensation. Thermal treatment of ZnSn(OH)₆ resulted in crystallization of ZnSnO₃ at approximately 676°C. At neutral pH, hydrolysis of [ZnSn(OEt)₆] resulted in formation of a high surface area (261 m²/g) amorphous powder.     

An investigation of inorganic tin flame retardants which suppress smoke and carbon monoxide emission from burning brominated polyester resins

In view of the current demand for novel, non-toxic, flame- and smoke- suppressant systems for synthetic polymers, certain inorganic tin compounds have been evaluated as fire retardants in a series of commercial brominated polyester resin formulations. The results obtained clearly show that zinc hydroxystannate (ZnSn(OH)₆) and zinc stannate (ZnSnO₃) impart beneficial properties to the polyesters in terms of flame retardancy and smoke/carbon monoxide suppression, and the improvements in performance are, in general, superior to those exhibited by tin (IV ) oxide or antimony (III ) oxide. The surface area and degree of dispersion of the fire-retardant additive has been shown to have a marked effect on its efficiency and, in this connection, colloidal tin (IV ) oxide is found to exhibit significantly improved flame-retardant properties compared to powdered SnO₂. Simultaneous thermal analyses (TG/DTG/DTA) and related mechanistic experiments have shown that tin additives markedly increase the amount of char formed during combustion, whereas Sb₂O₃, a vapour-phase flame retardant, has little effect on char formation. The zinc stannates also appear to exhibit a significant vapour-phase activity, and this may account for their flame-retardant superiority to SnO₂ itself.     

两种不同形貌羟基锡酸锌晶体的合成与表征

在均匀沉淀法制备羟基锡酸锌的基础上,在反应体系中分别添加有机模板剂PEG400（聚乙二醇400）、PVA（聚乙烯醇）,制得两种不同形貌的羟基锡酸锌晶体。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热分析（TG）,分别对产品的物相、结构、尺寸、形貌、热解行为进行了分析。研究结果表明,各产物都为立方晶系的羟基锡酸锌晶体,添加不同有机介质所得产品表面形貌各不相同。对有机介质改变羟基锡酸锌晶体形貌的影响机理进行了初步探讨。     

The hydration products of Portland cement in the presence of tin(II) chloride

The hydration products of Portland cement pastes cured using water containing tin(II) chloride have been compared with those using distilled water. In the latter case, the expected products—portlandite, ettringite and calcite—were observed. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the cement pastes cured in the presence of tin(II) chloride showed several additional peaks that have been attributed to the formation of calcium hydroxo-stannate, CaSn(OH)₆, and Friedel's salt (tetracalcium aluminate dichloride-10-hydrate), Ca₃Al₂O₆·CaCl₂·10H₂O. The amount of portlandite formed was reduced in the presence of tin(II) chloride. Calcium hydroxo-stannate contains tin in the +IV oxidation state and equations are presented to account for the oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV) preceding the formation of CaSn(OH)₆ and Friedel's salt.     

Promotion of ZnSn(OH)6 photoactivity by constructing heterojunction with Ag@Ag3PO4 nanoparticles: Visible light elimination of single or multiple dyes

In this study, novel Ag@Ag₃PO₄ modified ZnSn(OH)₆ (ZSH) photocatalyst was prepared by a facile situ deposition and photo-reduction reaction method. Superior photocatalytic activities for dye and dye mixture degradation were achieved. Moreover, preferable photoelectric performances were verified by electrochemical tests. The introduction of Ag@Ag₃PO₄ on ZSH and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect played an important role in photoelectrons transferring, photogenerated electron-holes separation and photoactivity enhancement. Simple assembling method, good reusability, high photoelectric properties and multi-component dyes wastewater treatment make it possible for practical industrial applications.     

Sol–gel synthesis of novel cobalt doped zinc tin oxide composite for photocatalytic application

A novel photocatalyst based on cobalt doped zinc tin oxide is proposed. Cobalt doped zinc tin oxide thin films were deposited using a sol–gel deposition method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission measurement and UV–vis spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of Co into the zinc tin oxide does influence the structural and optical properties of the thin films and increases the overall photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.     

Preparation and antibacterial properties of titanium-doped ZnO from different zinc salts

To research the relationship of micro-structures and antibacterial properties of the titanium-doped ZnO powders and probe their antibacterial mechanism, titanium-doped ZnO powders with different shapes and sizes were prepared from different zinc salts by alcohothermal method. The ZnO powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and the antibacterial activities of titanium-doped ZnO powders on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Furthermore, the tested strains were characterized by SEM, and the electrical conductance variation trend of the bacterial suspension was characterized. The results indicate that the morphologies of the powders are different due to preparation from different zinc salts. The XRD results manifest that the samples synthesized from zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, and zinc chloride are zincite ZnO, and the sample synthesized from zinc sulfate is the mixture of ZnO, ZnTiO₃, and ZnSO₄ · 3Zn (OH)₂ crystal. UV-vis spectra show that the absorption edges of the titanium-doped ZnO powders are red shifted to more than 400 nm which are prepared from zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, and zinc chloride. The antibacterial activity of titanium-doped ZnO powders synthesized from zinc chloride is optimal, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) are lower than 0.25 g L⁻¹. Likewise, when the bacteria are treated by ZnO powders synthesized from zinc chloride, the bacterial cells are damaged most seriously, and the electrical conductance increment of bacterial suspension is slightly high. It can be inferred that the antibacterial properties of the titanium-doped ZnO powders are relevant to the microstructure, particle size, and the crystal. The powders can damage the cell walls; thus, the electrolyte is leaked from cells.     

自洁玻璃表面膜中掺杂醋酸锌对抑菌率的影响

以玻璃为基片,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了掺杂锌的自洁玻璃表面膜,利用紫外吸收光谱及接触角测定仪等测试手段,研究了锌的不同掺杂量对自洁玻璃表面膜的光催化性能及对不同的菌群的抑菌作用的影响,发现掺杂锌能提高光催化性能和抑菌性能且二者之间有相似的变化趋势.另外还测定了样品具有较好的亲水性能以及掺杂锌后禁带宽度变窄.     

TPD study for direct synthesis of methylchlorosilanes

Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) was performed to obtain information about the role of silicon, catalyst (copper), and promoters (zinc and tin), and to characterize the active sites for the formation of silanes. Use of infrared spectroscopy allowed rapid analysis of the gas-phase product composition. During TPD where methyl chloride was used as an adsorbate, methyl chloride (MeCl), hydrogen chloride (HC1), methane (CH₄) and silanes were produced from contact masses. Although dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDC), methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and dimethylchlorosilane (DMCS) were produced during the direct reaction, tetrachlorosilane (QCS), trichlorosilane (TCS), methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), and methyldichlorosilane (MDCS) were the major silanes observed during the TPD. Zinc promotion to silicon-copper contact mass (CuSi mass) increased the production of TCS, while tin promotion decreased the production of silanes having H atom, and increased the production of MTCS. Copromotion of 0.5 wt% zinc and 0.2 wt% tin increased the MTCS production further; however, the copromotion of zinc (0.5 wt%) and tin containing a small amount of tin (0.01 wt%) produced QCS as a major silane product. The silicon sites having two or three surface species such as CH₃, Cl and H were proposed as the active sites responsible for the formation of silanes, and the silicon sites of = SiCl₂ and =Si(CH₃)Cl were the most abundant under the steady state condition.     

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites for dye degradation

The ZnO nanowire/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using zinc chloride as Zn source. Their photocatalytic degradation performances on methylene blue and Rhodamine 6G have been investigated under UV irradiation. Experimental results show that the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesized ZnO/MWNT nanocomposites is 3 times higher than that of pure ZnO nanowires. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the fast transfer of photo-generated electrons from ZnO to MWNTs, leading to low recombination rate of photo-induced electron–hole pairs.