塑料的生物降解性及其检测方法

本文讨论了塑料的生物降解性，包括降解因素，微生物分解塑料的各种形式，降解机理等。介绍了目前国内外常用的检测塑料生物降解性的方法。     

塑料的生物降解性及其检测方法

讨论了塑料的生物降解性，包括降解因素，微生物分解塑料的各种形式、降解机理等。介绍了目前国内外常用的检测塑料生物降解的方法。     

影响塑料生物降解速度因素的研究

本文对影响塑料生物降解速度的因素进行了研究和讨论,探讨在进行塑料生物降解性试验时提高降解速度、缩短试验时间的可能性.结果表明,在液体中对塑料进行生物降解性试验优于在固体中的试验:碳氮比(C/N)、温度和pH值等对塑料生物降解速度的影响较大;试样的形态对生物降解速度的影响不大;在相同的条件下,分别以土壤、湖水和河水为接种源的培菌液都可对试样进行速度近似的降解.     

生物降解塑料及其性能评价方法研究进展

综述了近年来降解高分子材料的进展情况,重点介绍了生物降解材料的近况以及一些具备生物降解性能的材料的合成、改性新方法。同时详述了国家标准中规范的检测生物降解塑料性能的方法,包括塑料力学性能评价和降解性能评价,并列举了塑料降解性能的表征方法。最后,对可降解材料的现状提出了问题,并作了展望。     

塑料降解回收缓解白色污染的研究进展

塑料因其可塑性强、轻便、廉价而在人们的日常生活应用广泛。但塑料制品在生产和消费之后变成的废弃物因其难以降解能在自然界中能够停留100年至200年,随着时间推移积累越来越多,引起严重的环境污染问题。目前废弃物的处理方式有机械回收、非生物降解和生物降解等方式,本文对几种常用塑料的非生物降解和生物降解回收方式进行总结,同时对未来研究方向进行展望,缓解环境污染除了研究塑料降解方法以外,还可研究提高可生物降解塑料强度、性能等方法以改善其使用范围,探讨生物降解和非生物降解相结合的方法。     

天然纤维/可降解塑料生物复合材料研究

本文阐述可完全降解的生物质纤维复合材料的概念,介绍天然纤维/可生物降解塑料复合材料的制造工艺,研究了原材料天然纤维和可生物降解塑料的性能及其复合材料的性能。     

可完全生物降解蛋白质塑料

本文对可生物降解的蛋白质及大豆蛋白质塑料的研究状况做了介绍，对蛋白质塑料的生物降解机理也进行了分析，同时对大豆蛋白质塑料的降解性进行了研究。     

PET塑料降解微生物的研究进展

降解PET塑料微生物是研究PET塑料生物降解酶及其应有的重要基础.本文简要全面地对来自自然界的降解PET塑料微生物、从宏基因库组中筛选的PET塑料降解酶,以及基于生物技术改造的PET塑料降解微生物和酶等进行了综述,并展望了PET塑料降解微生物的研究发展趋势,为后续深入研究PET生物降解提供参考.     

生物降解塑料的应用前景

简述了生物降解塑料的类型和降解机理,分析了生物降解塑料在各个领域的应用现状,并展望了生物降解塑料的发展前景。     

生物降解塑料应用及性能评价方法综述

介绍了生物降解塑料的降解机理及生物降解性能评价标准检验方法。从生物降解塑料降解功能及其废弃后所处环境条件出发，针对目前生物降解塑料及制品应用和发展存在的问题，分析并阐述了生物降解塑料及制品合适应用的领域。以期为正确看待生物降解塑料提供参考依据，最后，对生物降解塑料应用和发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚乳酸降解性能研究进展

聚乳酸是典型的"绿色塑料",因其良好的生物相容性、完全可降解性及生物可吸收性,是生物降解医用材料领域中最受重视的材料之一。本文介绍了聚乳酸的降解机理,着重对近年来有关聚乳酸降解性能的研究进行了综述。     

可生物降解蛋白质塑料的改性研究进展

阐述了可生物降解材料的定义、特点及降解机理,论述了蛋白质塑料的研究概况,包括蛋白质降解材料的种类、发展历史和加工方法,综述了大豆蛋白塑料的改性研究进展。     

利用甲壳素制取生物降解塑料的探讨

本文探讨了甲壳素制取生物降解塑料薄膜的工艺过程、控制因素及该塑料薄膜的力学性能、透气性和降解情况。     

明胶蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜的研究

将分散均匀的明胶、无机填料和复合增塑剂的水溶液用流延法成膜,制得了蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜。用拉伸实验、吸水实验和降解实验表征了蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜的性能。结果表明:薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随增塑剂用量的增加而增加,随无机填料用量的增加而减小;薄膜的耐水性随增塑剂用量的增加而变差;蛋白质基塑料薄膜具有生物降解性,在20天内降解度为10%左右。     

植物纤维与生物降解塑料界面相容性研究进展

分析了植物纤维/生物降解塑料界面的相容性及影响因素,从植物纤维表面改性处理和生物降解塑料改性处理两方面介绍了改善植物纤维与生物降解塑料界面相容性的方法,并展望了生物降解塑料的发展趋势。     

一次性塑料制品污染防治的法律法规及检测标准研究进展

综述了国内外治理一次性塑料制品污染出台的法律法规及进展,重点介绍了含有部分可生物可降解组分或非生物降解方式的一次性塑料制品相关标准、传统不可降解塑料废弃物的回收塑料鉴别检测标准、全生物降解塑料制品评价标准及禁塑快速检测技术与标准,并对未来检验检测技术发展做出了展望。     

Biodegradation Behavior of DOC Isolated Mixed Proteins-Based Plastic Sheets

The biodegradability of plastic sheets made of mixed proteins was investigated. Soybean, castor and rapeseed DOC (Deoiled Cake) isolated proteins-based plastic sheets were subjected to microbial degradation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results from the microbial degradation showed that plastic sheets prepared from mixture of soybean, castor and rapeseed proteins could support the growth of P. aeruginosa. Biodegradable plastic sheet with composition (80:10:10 and 60% PEG₄₀₀) degraded much faster than the other four biodegradable plastics sheets under the conditions examined, suggesting that the biodegradability of protein films is associated with the film composition and the extent of covalent cross-linking.     

Modifying biodegradable plastics with additives based on condensed tannin esters

Condensed tannins derived from Pinus radiata bark have been esterified and added to biodegradable plastics as extrusion compounded functional plastic additives. The presence of longer alkyl chain hexanoate esters promoted tannin miscibility in the commercial polyesters Bionolle? and Biopol? whereas short chain acetate esters tended to remain as discrete domains, acting as fillers in the processed plastics. In the aliphatic polyester Bionolle the presence of tannin esters at typical plastic additive loadings did not alter plastic mechanical properties whereas at 5% content in Biopol the tannin‐additives reduced both flexural and tensile properties. Similarly tannin esters do not alter the melt or glass transition temperatures of the polyesters, but tannin hexanoate at 5% can influence the crystallization temperatures. Artificially aging plastics realized the functionality these plant extracts can impart to plastics in acting to reduce ultraviolet (UV)‐induced plastic degradation. Results indicate the tannin‐additives likely provide a stabilising role through inhibiting UV penetration into the plastic, with color analysis suggesting the tannin moiety itself was sacrificial and preferentially degrading. The imparted UV stability was linked to the dissolution of tannin esters in the plastic with longer chain esters providing greater protection against UV degradation. Tannin esters showed potential as functional additives for biodegradable polymers enhancing the UV stability of the plastic. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41626.     

A review on degradation mechanisms of polylactic acid: Hydrolytic,photodegradative, microbial,and enzymatic degradation

Recently, thoughtful disagreements between scientists concerning environmental issues including the use of renewable materials have enhanced universal awareness of the use of biodegradable materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biodegradable materials for commercially replacing nondegradable materials such as polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. The main advantages of PLA production over the conventional plastic materials is PLA can be produced from renewable resources such as corn or other carbohydrate sources. Besides, PLA provides adequate energy saving by consuming CO₂ during production. Thus, we aim to highlight recent research involving the investigation of properties of PLA, its applications and the four types of potential PLA degradation mechanisms. In the first part of the article, a brief discussion of the problems surrounding use of conventional plastic is provided and examples of biodegradable polymers currently used are provided. Next, properties of PLA, and (Poly[L-lactide]), (Poly[D-lactide]) (PDLA) and (Poly[DL-lactide]) and application of PLA in various industries such as in packaging, transportation, agriculture and the biomedical, textile and electronic industry are described. Behaviors of PLA subjected to hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial and enzymatic degradation mechanisms are discussed in detail in the latter portion of the article.