不同天然色素对PBS性能的影响

将从石榴皮、大黄和黄芩中提取的3种色素以不同的质量比与可生物降解的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混,制备了多种比例的PBS/色素复合材料,研究了上述3种PBS/色素材料的结晶性和热稳定性;同时研究了色素的添加对PBS力学性能和抗菌性的影响。结果表明,添加3种色素对PBS的结晶形态影响不大,但是使晶粒尺寸变小,结晶度增加;使PBS的热稳定性有所提高,但对综合力学性能影响不大;3种色素都使PBS材料具有良好的抗菌性。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/天然石榴皮黄色素复合材料的抗菌性能

采用天然植物源石榴皮色素添加在可生物降解聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)中,以取代对环境有害的化学色素,制备了PBS/石榴皮色素复合材料,研究了复合材料的热稳定性、抗菌性、亲水性和生物降解性能.研究结果表明:复合材料的综合性能较纯PBS有很大的提高.当复合材料中色素质量分数为9％时,复合材料表现出明显的抗菌性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率分别达到99.18％和99.62％,亲水性提高了16.36％,生物降解性能提高了166.28％,复合材料的热稳定性能也有很天提高.     

PBS/望江南提取物抗菌高分子材料的性能研究

将望江南提取物与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）进行物理共混改性,制备了PBS/望江南提取物复合材料。研究了添加不同含量望江南提取物时复合材料的综合性能,考察了角质酶对复合材料的生物降解性能的影响以及复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。研究发现,当5 %和7 %（质量分数,下同）望江南提取物添加入PBS后,复合材料的弹性模量显著提高,添加5 %望江南提取物的PBS的水接触角达到最高;望江南提取物的加入对PBS的热稳定性无明显影响,而结晶性能较加入前有所提高; PBS/5 %望江南提取物复合材料经角质酶降解8 h后降解率可达92.2 %;该复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抗菌效果,但对大肠杆菌无明显抗菌效果。     

PBS/黄连素抗菌高分子材料性能

将可降解高分子材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)和黄连素(Berberine)共混,制备了PBS/黄连素复合抗菌材料,并对其力学性能、结晶性能、亲水性能、热性能、抗菌性能及生物降解性能进行了分析。结果表明,当黄连素的添加比例为5%时,与纯PBS相比,复合材料的拉伸强度基本不变,结晶能力增大,疏水性增强,热稳定性增加。抗菌性能测试结果表明,随着黄连素含量不断增加,复合材料的抗菌能力逐渐提升。含有5%黄连素的复合材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用均能达到91%以上。使用角质酶降解12 h后,含有5%黄连素的复合材料具有较高的降解率,接近95%,与纯PBS的降解率相差较小。因此,黄连素在提高材料抗菌性能的同时,不影响其降解性能。     

植物虎杖及其提取物改性PBS的性能对比研究

将天然植物虎杖粉碎,分别与可生物降解材料PBS直接共混和提取后共混,制备了PBS/虎杖复合材料。研究了PBS/虎杖粉末及PBS/虎杖提取物复合材料的结晶性能、亲疏水性、热稳定性、力学性能及抗菌性能。结果表明,虎杖粉末和提取物的添加均对PBS的晶型没有影响,且能起到成核剂的作用,两者成分中均以亲水性成分为主。PBS/虎杖粉末复合材料的热性能、力学性能均优于PBS/虎杖提取物复合材料。两种天然虎杖添加物赋予了复合材料抗菌功能性,PBS/虎杖提取物复合材料抗菌效果相对较好。各种比例复合材料可根据其综合性能应用于不同场合。     

亲水性PBS/虎杖提取物复合材料的相容性及性能

从天然植物虎杖中提取染色抗菌有效成分获得虎杖提取物(PCSZ),将其与聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)亲水改性聚合物PBS–OH和PBS–COOH通过混炼复合,研究了PCSZ与两种亲水性PBS复合后的相容性,测试了不同PCSZ用量下PBS–OH/PCSZ和PBS–COOH/PCSZ复合材料的结晶性能、亲疏水性、热稳定性、拉伸性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,PCSZ中的—OH均可与PBS–OH或PBS–COOH中的酯基产生氢键作用,同时还与改性端基形成H—O…H—O,充分改善了复合材料的相容性。PCSZ的添加对复合材料的结晶形貌不产生影响,但复合材料结晶度随其用量的增加而增大,且水接触角在PCSZ高用量下有所减少,亲水性有所增强;PCSZ可使复合材料的热稳定性和抗菌能力得到提高,当PCSZ用量较高时,PBS–OH/PCSZ复合材料的热稳定性高于PBS–COOH/PCSZ复合材料。与PBS–COOH/PCSZ复合材料相比,PBS–OH/PCSZ复合材料力学性能总体较优,但抗菌能力略差。综合比较两种亲水性PBS/PCSZ复合材料,PBS–OH/PCSZ复合材料的相容性更强。     

天然石榴皮色素/PBS着色膜的性能

采用溶剂萃取法从石榴皮中提取天然色素,将其机械搅拌混入可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)中着色.采用偏光显微镜观察各种着色膜表面色素的分散情况;利用X射线衍射(WAXD)分析着色膜的结晶度;并测定着色膜的力学性能和热稳定性.研究结果表明:天然色素在塑料薄膜中分散性好,且色素的添加对PBS结晶度影响不大.随着色素量的增加,着色膜的拉伸强度增大,而断裂伸长率呈上升趋势,但其小于纯PBS膜的.超过9%的色素添加量使着色膜的热稳定性略微下降.     

聚丁二酸丁二酯/酒糟复合材料的性能

采用NaOH对酒糟(DG)氧化预处理,同时采用不同改性剂对DG表面改性,将DG与聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)进行熔融共混,制备可生物降解PBS/DG复合材料,并进行75 d堆肥降解试验。探讨了DG对复合材料拉伸性能、结晶性能、热稳定性和降解性能的影响。结果表明,当未改性DG粒径为109μm、添加量为7份时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较纯PBS分别提高了15.56%和20.31%。当DG采用5%NaOH溶液在40℃水浴下搅拌处理30 min后,碱处理纤维与PBS的极性差异导致相容性较差,断裂伸长率下降,但材料亲水性明显增强,降解速率加快,经过75 d堆肥降解后质量损失率达到42.82%,较纯PBS提高了5.90倍。用改性剂表面改性经碱处理后的DG,可以明显改善复合材料的界面相容性。与纯PBS相比,当采用2份KH-560表面改性7份碱处理的DG后,复合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了23.66%和33.18%,且复合材料的亲水性明显提高,经75 d堆肥降解后质量损失率比纯PBS提高了5.16倍,复合材料质量损失10%和50%的热分解温度较纯PBS分别提高了11℃和14℃,仍具有良好的热稳定性。此外,DG的加入对PBS的晶型没有明显改变。     

生物可降解山麻杆韧皮纤维增强PBS复合材料的性能研究

以山麻杆韧皮纤维为增强体,其与PBS颗粒按质量比20∶80模压成型制备了4种板材,探讨了表面处理对纤维微观结构与物理性能的影响,分析比较了板材力学性能及生物降解性。结果表明, 采用物理化学相结合方法预处理后,表面依然存留一定量的果胶等物质;预处理纤维进一步碱处理后表面出现“S”形凹槽,预处理纤维进一步偶联剂处理后表面凹槽连续性好、深度深;碱处理、偶联剂处理后纤维拉伸强度分别提高5.08 %和降低3.58 %;相比纯PBS,偶联剂处理后纤维复合材料拉伸强度与弯曲强度各提高48.32 %和25.97 %,拉伸模量与弯曲模量各提高146.45 %和128.30 %;3种纤维复合材料生物可降解性变化趋势一致,但偶联剂处理后的材料失重率变化幅度最小。     

PBS/鞣花酸酯化物复合材料的性能研究

利用五倍子单宁酸氧化制备鞣花酸,通过响应曲面法优化了合成工艺。采用乙酰氯对其进行外酯化,并与可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)复合,探讨了鞣花酸酯化物(EAE)对PBS结晶形态、热稳定性、力学性能和亲疏水性的影响。结果表明,鞣花酸合成的最佳工艺条件为过硫酸铵0.6 g、碱溶p H=9、反应时间24 h,在此条件下鞣花酸的产量为1.34 g/10 g五倍子粉末。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,鞣花酸及其酯化物均为目标合成物。复合材料FTIR分析表明EAE与PBS只进行了物理共混,两者相似相容。同时,EAE对PBS起到了成核剂的作用,使得复合材料的球晶尺寸变小,热稳定性、拉伸强度、疏水性较PBS均有所提高,断裂伸长率相应降低。     

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/wood flour composites: Physical and morphological properties

This work sought to improve the toughness and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by incorporating poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and wood flour (WF). The PLA/PBS blends showed a PBS‐dose‐dependent increase in the impact strength, elongation at break, degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability compared to the PLA, but the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and flexural strength were all decreased with increasing PBS content. Based on the optimum impact strength and elongation at break, the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend was selected for preparing composites with five loadings of WF (5–30 phr). The impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal stability of the PLA/PBS/WF composites decreased with increasing WF content, and the degree of crystallinity was slightly increased compared to the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the inclusion of PBS and WF into PLA did not significantly change the glass transition and melting temperatures of PLA in the PLA/PBS blends and PLA/PBS/WF composites. From the observed cold crystallization temperature of PLA in the samples, it was evident that the degree of crystallinity of PLA in all the blends and composites was higher than that of PLA. The PLA/PBS blend and PLA/PBS/WF composite degraded faster than PLA during three months in natural soil, which was due to the fast degradation rate of PBS. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2841–2851, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Study on the Performance Influence of PBS by Adding Natural Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc Pigments

The Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc natural pigments were compounded with PBS in different proportions in this research, and the performances of the dyed films were studied. The results showed that the pigments size in the dyed films were 5 ～ 8 µm, and had little effect to the crystallization morphology of PBS. The crystallinity of the dyed films increased with the content of the pigment increasing. Although the mechanical properties of dyed films decreased slightly, all the films had good thermal stability and had some inhibition againstStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There may occur hydrogen bonds between the pigments and PBS.     

纳米氧化锌填充PBS复合材料性能的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对纳米氧化锌进行了表面改性,通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/纳米氧化锌复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪等对复合材料的力学性能、热性能和非等温结晶性能进行了研究分析,并通过Ozawa-Flynn-Wall方法分析了复合材料的热降解行为。结果表明,纳米氧化锌能提高PBS的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,但降低了其冲击强度;改性后的纳米氧化锌可以提高其与PBS的界面相容性,并提高其在PBS基体中的分散性能,不同程度地提高了复合材料的力学性能;纳米氧化锌提高了PBS的结晶速率,降低了其热解反应活化能。     

Effect of fiber content and type,compatibilizer, and heating rate on thermogravimetric properties of natural fiber high density polyethylene composites

Natural fiber polyethylene composites containing kenaf fibers, wood flour, newsprint, and rice hulls at 25 and 50% (by weight) fiber content were sampled and studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of fiber type and content, compatibilizer and heating rate on the thermal stability and degradation of the composites were evaluated. Among different natural fibers, kenef fibers were found to be the least thermally stable ones whereas newsprint fibers proved to be the most stable fibers in composite formulations. Composites containing higher amounts of natural fiber degraded at a higher rate and exhibited higher weight loss. The presence of the compatibilizer resulted in composites with slower thermal degradation. Heating rate increased both temperature and rate of main degradation peaks. FTIR and DSC results are also presented to discuss phenomena leading to thermal degradation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

硅橡胶和丁基橡胶共混体系的阻尼特性研究

采用机械共混法制备了硅橡胶/丁基橡胶复合材料。研究了丁基橡胶用量对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着丁基橡胶用量的增加,复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性出现降低的现象,但阻尼性能有显著提高。当丁基橡胶用量为100份时,与纯硅橡胶相比,复合材料的有效阻尼温域从0 ℃拓宽到近75 ℃,最大损耗因子从0.11提高到0.80,玻璃化转变温度向高温偏移了8 ℃左右。     

尼龙6/纳米钛合金复合材料的性能研究

将尼龙6和经有机化处理的纳米钛合金熔融共混制得复合材料,对该复合材料的力学性能、耐化学药品性和热性能进行了研究。结果表明,纳米钛合金可使复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸屈服强度和拉伸弹性模量有所提高,但使复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率降低;纳米钛合金可改善复合材料的耐化学药品性并使其分解残留量增加。