长期时效对一种镍基合金组织及冲击性能的影响

研究了一种合金在750℃、800℃、850℃长期时效过程中室温冲击性能与组织变化的关系。利用扫描电子显微镜对合金显微组织、冲击断口进行了观察;利用透射电镜对析出相进行了鉴定;通过相分析方法定量分析了长期时效过程中碳化物相的重量百分数。结果表明:该合金在750～850℃长期时效过程中主要有两种碳化物,分别为MC(微量)和M23C6。M23C6在晶界析出且其析出量受时效时间及温度的影响;合金的冲击韧性随着时效时间延长呈下降趋势,温度愈高下降愈快,其断裂方式以沿晶断裂为主;合金的冲击韧性随着晶界M23C6浓度的提高而降低,且基本呈线性关系;链条状连续析出对室温冲击韧性不利,为使合金具有一定的冲击功(Ak>10J/cm2),时效温度不宜高于750℃,时效时间不宜长于1000h。     

长期时效对低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金组织和力学性能的影响

 研究了长期时效对低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,长期时效后低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金存在3种析出相：M6C型初生碳化物相、二次M23C6型碳化物相和μ相;其中M6C型初生碳化物相存在于供应态和时效态。因为合金含碳量低,所以合金在750℃时效超过200h和在900℃时效超过100h时,就析出μ相。合金在750℃时效至1000h时,随着时效时间的延长,合金硬度值不断增加;而合金在900℃时效至1000h时,随着时效时间的延长,合金硬度值首先增加至最大值,随后合金硬度值随着时效时间的延长而降低;这是因为二次M23C6型碳化物析出形态在时效过程中发生了变化。合金时效前后的室温拉伸性能数据证实微量μ相对合金室温拉伸影响很小。     

长期时效对GH4586A合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

研究了GH4586A合金在750℃、800℃长期时效过程中室温拉伸性能与组织变化的关系.利用扫描电镜对合金显微组织进行了观察;利用透射电镜对析出相进行了鉴定;通过物理化学相分析方法定量分析了长期时效过程中合金中相的质量分数.结果表明,该合金在750～800℃时效有μ相和σ相析出,并且随时间延长数量增加;在750～800℃长期时效过程中M23C6碳化物析出.M23C6主要在晶界析出且其析出量受时效温度及时间的影响;合金在750℃、1 500 h之内使用,强度和塑性可以匹配,超过1 500 h后由于μ相和σ相析出量明显增多,塑性迅速下降,合金不能作为转动件使用.     

Tempaloy AA-1钢时效组织结构及力学性能分析

 通过进行650 ℃高温时效试验,研究了Tempaloy AA-1钢在时效过程中M23C6合金相的析出与室温力学性能和冲击韧性的关系,并利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对材料在不同时间时效后Tempaloy AA-1的组织结构和室温冲击断口进行观察。结果表明：随着Tempaloy AA-1钢时效时间的增加,逐渐析出M23C6合金相,并稳定地分布在晶界处。Tempaloy AA-1时效500 h后,由于晶界处M23C6碳化物强化作用,屈服强度与抗拉强度达到最大值;时效8 000 h后,晶界处M23C6碳化物颗粒聚集增大,晶界强化作用弱化, Tempaloy AA-1钢的强度略有降低。长期时效后M23C6 型碳化物没有发现其过度团聚,因此,Tempaloy AA-1钢仍具有良好的时效冲击韧性。Tempaloy AA-1时效后具有良好的力学性能和冲击韧性是由于材料在长期高温时效后具有良好的组织稳定性。     

00Cr25Ni35AlTi合金时效处理中M23C6析出行为

 对经550~950 ℃时效处理后的00Cr25Ni35AlTi合金M23C6相的析出行为进行了研究。结果表明,在本温度范围内时效处理,合金组织中M23C6相主要在晶界、孪晶端部析出,并与晶界一侧的基体保持共格关系,共格孪晶界、晶粒内部没有发现M23C6。在550~850 ℃范围随着温度的升高,M23C6的数量增加并发生长大,形貌由细柱状向薄片状、大颗粒状转变。在850~950 ℃范围M23C6开始溶解,数量减少。     

GH105合金长期时效组织稳定性的研究

研究了GH105合金长期时效后的组织稳定性.在850℃/1000h长期时效过程中,γ'的数量稍有下降,并呈指数长大.碳化物析出数量有少量增加,M23C6在晶界上发生了明显的聚集长大,γ'包膜加宽,部分沿孪晶界析出.存在MC向M23C6转化的倾向.γ'中Co的原子分数明显增加,M23C6和MC化学组成式没有明显的变化.     

C700R-1耐热合金700℃时效组织和性能演变

研究了新型汽轮机转子用C700R-1耐热合金700℃长期时效组织和性能的演变.研究表明：合金的主要析出相为 M23 C6、MC、γ′.C700R-1合金长期时效组织结构稳定,时效5000 h 晶界处 M23 C6碳化物平均宽度从190 nm增加至240 nm,呈不连续状态分布;时效5000 h球形γ′平均直径从22．0 nm粗化至49.8 nm,粗化速率缓慢.合金拉伸强度和硬度随时效时间延长先快速升高,后缓慢降低,并逐渐趋于稳定;理论计算 C700R-1合金中γ′临界尺寸为29.8 nm;长期时效后合金的冲击值在50 J 以上.     

617合金的组织稳定性

 对先进超超临界燃煤发电机组锅炉高温部件候选材料617合金在750℃下时效1000,2000,3000和5000h后试样的组织稳定性进行了研究。通过OM,SEM,TEM和X射线衍射等方法对时效后晶界及晶粒内的析出物进行了分析。研究发现,时效后试验材料的晶界析出M23C6碳化物;晶内析出γ′相,且γ′相呈颗粒状弥散分布,γ′相尺寸随时效时间的延长而增长。经1000h时效后,试验材料的强度开始增加,并且随着时效时间的延长,强度开始呈现平稳趋势。随着时效时间的延长,试验材料的韧性呈下降趋势。     

00Cr25Ni35AITi合金时效处理中M23C6析出行为

对经550～950℃时效处理后的00Cr25Ni35AlTi合金M23C6相的析出行为进行了研究.结果表明,在本温度范围内时效处理,合金组织中M23C6相主要在晶界、孪品端部析出,并与晶界一侧的基体保持共格关系,共格孪晶界、晶粒内部没有发现M23C6.在550～850℃范嗣随着温度的升高,M23C6的数量增加并发生长大,形貌由细柱状向薄片状、大颗粒状转变.在850～950℃范围M23C6开始溶解,数量减少.     

时效工艺对Ti-26合金棒材组织和拉伸性能的影响

对经过790℃固溶处理后的Ti-26合金棒材进行了不同温度及时间的时效处理,研究了时效温度和时间对Ti-26合金棒材显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明:在450~550℃范围内,随时效温度升高,合金组织有针状α相弥散物析出。升温至510℃,相同时效时间内析出α相数量最多,高于510℃,部分析出α相开始溶解。合金时效处理10 h内,随时效时间延长,合金组织针状α相弥散物数量增加,且针状α相存在跨晶界长大现象。合金经510℃×10 h时效处理,α相形核和长大达到最佳匹配,Ti-26合金获得理想的强度和塑性匹配。     

中温时效对022Cr21Ni2Mn5N钢析出行为及冲击韧性的影响

采用Thermo-Calc软件对022Cr21Ni2Mn5N双相不锈钢的近平衡态析出相进行了计算分析。采用光学显微镜、透射电镜、物理化学相分析方法对经中温时效处理后试验钢第二相的析出温度、种类、数量和位置进行了观察和研究,并分析了第二相析出行为对钢的冲击韧性的影响机理。结果表明:022Cr21Ni2Mn5N双相不锈钢在600~700℃中温时效时的析出相主要为六方结构的Cr_2N相和面心立方结构的M_(23)C_6相,未见σ相析出。中温时效时,受制于该钢较低的C含量,M_(23)C_6相析出位置仅局限于相界、晶界处。该钢较高的N含量促进钢中Cr_2N相析出,并在相界、晶界和铁素体晶内均有发现。时效初期M_(23)C_6和Cr_2N均具有较高的析出速度,时效时间继续延长析出量增长放缓。时效处理时间和温度直接影响钢的冲击性能:时效初期第二相的快速析出导致钢的冲击功急剧下降;时效足够长时间,第二相析出量达到饱和,钢的冲击功趋于稳定值;并且600℃长时时效时,钢的冲击功值达到最小。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a new Ni-based heat-resistant alloy during aging at 750℃

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a new candidate Ni-based heat-resistant alloy for advanced ultra-supercritical( A-USC) steam turbine rotors were investigated during aging at 750 °C up to 10 000 h. The evolutions of γ' particles inside austenitic grain and M_(23)C_6 carbides along grain boundaries were characterized according to their morphologies,distributions,and growth kinetics. Mean radius of the γ' spherical particles grew from 20. 3 to 90. 0 nm after aging for 10 000 h,and the corresponding coarsening behavior was conformed to the law of Lifschitz-Slyosovd-Wagner( LSW). The weight fraction of γ' particles slightly increased from 10. 0 to 12.0wt. % after aging of long duration at 750 ℃. The Cr-rich M_(23)C_6 carbides discontinuously precipitated along grain boundaries,while other detrimental phases were not formed during the aging treatment,and hence the strength of grain boundary was enhanced by these discontinuously distributed carbides. The critical size of γ' had a direct influence on the maximum hardness of this alloy. Moreover,this alloy presented a good impact toughness for the safety after long time aging at high temperature.     

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of HR3C Steel during Long-term Aging at High Temperature

Microstructure evolution and the changes in mechanical properties of HR3 Csteel during long-term aging at650,700 and 750℃ were investigated.The precipitated phases of the aging steel included M23C6 carbides,Z-phase and a trace amount of Nb(C,N).The M23C6 carbides were distributed mainly at the grain boundary,while Z-phase was mainly inside the grains.Amounts of both M23C6 carbides and Z-phase during the aging process increased with increasing aging period and temperature.Coarsening of M23C6 carbides was influenced significantly by aging time and temperature,while the size of the Z-phase was relatively less affected by the aging time and temperature,which had a steady strengthening effect.Coarsening of the M23C6 carbides was the main reason for the decline in high temperature yield strength during long-term aging at 750℃.The M23C6 carbides were linked into a continuous chain along the grain boundary which accounted for the decrease of toughness during aging.     

高合金离心铸管的相鉴定

采用金要显微镜,扫描电镜,透射电镜,化学相分离等方法对ＺＧ４０Ｃｒ２５Ｎｉ２０（２５－２０合金）、ＺＧ４０Ｃｒ２５Ｎｉ３５ＮｂＷ（２５－３５合金）和ＺＧ４５Ｃｒ２８Ｎｉ４８Ｗ５（２８－４８合金）离心铸管的组织进行了系统研究。     

700℃时效过程中HR100合金的碳化物析出行为

对经700℃时效不同时间后的镍基HR100合金中的析出相进行了定性与定量分析,研究了HR100合金中的碳化物在长期时效过程中的析出行为。结果表明,HR100合金中的M_6C型碳化物为亚稳相。在长期时效过程中,随着合金元素的扩散,HR100合金中的M_6C会逐渐转化为M_(12)C。而且在700℃时效1万h过程中,HR100合金中的碳化物的析出行为主要分3个阶段:快速析出与M_6C→M_(12)C转化阶段,相对稳定阶段,M_(12)C和M23C6进一步析出、长大阶段。另外,对不同类型碳化物中的合金元素配比在长期时效过程中的变化进行了分析,发现在(M_6C+M_(12)C)的粗化过程中,Cr元素和Mo元素起主要作用;而在M_(23)C_6的粗化过程中,Cr元素起主要作用。