焊接功率对TC_4钛合金激光焊接头成形与组织性能研究

通过体式显微组织观察、显微硬度测试和拉伸试验,研究了焊接功率对激光焊接TC_4钛合金成形和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着焊接功率的进一步增加,观察到激光功率与熔深之间线性关系的变化,深加深和熔宽变宽。不同功率下TC_4钛合金焊接接头的室温平均抗拉强度为762MPa,伸长率为8.1%,比母材的略低,焊接接头系数为0.81,拉伸试样均断在焊缝区域。     

烧结工艺对316L不锈钢组织与性能的影响

通过研究烧结气氛和烧结温度对冷等静压态316L不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响,探究了烧结的致密化过程,并初步分析了挤压之后不锈钢的组织与性能。发现真空条件下获得的力学性能均比Ar气氛下烧结的好;在N2气氛烧结的不锈钢抗拉强度为803.5 MPa,屈服强度为407.2 MPa,但是断后延伸率仅为33.7%。在真空气氛下进行烧结,随温度的升高,孔隙率下降、孔隙尺寸减小并发生球化;通过对比烧结温度的影响,得出在1 380℃进行烧结获得的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为578.4 MPa,断后伸长率为52.0%,并且晶粒比较细小。经过挤压处理,不锈钢晶粒进一步细化,抗拉强度为675.6 MPa,屈服强度为305.4 MPa,断后伸长率为45.6%。     

22MnB5钢激光焊接接头冷变形行为研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和拉伸试验机对22MnB5钢激光焊接接头不同压下率下冷变形后接头进行检测。结果表明，随着冷轧压下率增加，塑性变形程度增加，焊缝宽度和硬度增加，激光焊缝显微组织为板条马氏体，焊接接头抗拉强度基本不变，22MnB5钢激光焊接接头具有良好的冷变形性，在冷轧压下率小于80%时，不会由于焊接接头和母材组织不匹配而出现断带等安全问题。     

煤矿液压支架用高强钢的焊接性能

为了实现Q550D高强度中厚板的高质量焊接,从而促进其在煤矿液压支架领域的推广应用,采用CO₂半自动气体保护焊对煤矿液压支架用550 MPa级高强度中厚板进行了焊接试验,采用金相显微镜观察了焊接接头的显微组织,采用电子背散射技术和透射电子显微镜观察了焊接接头粗晶区的晶体学特征和精细形貌,采用拉伸和冲击试验机测定了焊接接头的综合力学性能。结果表明,焊接接头的屈服强度为655 MPa、抗拉强度为747 MPa、断后伸长率为18.5%,在母材处发生断裂;焊缝、熔合线、熔合线向外1 mm、熔合线向外3 mm和熔合线向外5 mm处的-20℃冲击吸收功分别为82、113、106、124和159 J;焊缝、粗晶区、细晶区、临界区和母材各区域的平均硬度值分别为294.07HV、293.18HV、264.67HV、275.02HV和278.49HV。与母材相比,焊缝和粗晶区为局部硬化区,硬化率分别为5.59%和5.27%,细晶区和临界区分别为局部软化区,软化率分别为4.96%和1.25%。高位错密度的针状铁素体板条纵横交错、彼此咬合,可有效阻碍裂纹的扩展,从而改善了粗晶区的力学性能...     

预热温度对焊接珠光体钢轨钢力学和断裂性能的影响

本文研究了预热温度对开槽焊接珠光体钢轨钢力学、断裂性能、硬度和显微组织的影响。用气体保护金属极电弧填充材料模拟缺陷修复之前,开槽的轨头被预热到200℃,300℃,350℃和400℃。另外一个未预热室温（RT）焊接试样用作对比研究。母材的抗拉强度,屈服强度和断后伸长率分别：1146MPa,717MPa,9．3％。200℃预热时,焊接钢轨的最佳性能指标分别为：l023MPa,655MPa,4．7％。根据这个,最佳的焊接效率为89．2％。母材钢轨的平均断裂韧性K。为127MPa·m 0.5,而焊接接头（200℃预热）最好的断裂韧性为116．5MPa·m0.5。另外,焊缝、熔合线和热影响区（HAZ）的平均硬度值分别为313．5HB、332HB和313．6HB,而母材硬度大约为360HB。200℃预热时焊缝组织主要为贝氏体和针状铁素体相。     

Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材焊接接头的组织与性能

采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机,研究了Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材熔化极惰性气体保护焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝中心区为枝晶,靠近母材侧的焊缝熔合区为柱状晶,母材为等轴晶,但靠近焊缝熔合区的母材晶粒发生了长大。焊接接头的硬度以焊缝为中心呈对称分布,从母材到焊缝中心,硬度先下降后上升再下降。焊缝中心区的硬度最低,为86~105(HV)。焊接接头的抗拉强度为309MPa,屈服强度为237MPa,伸长率为4.75%,挤压材的焊接强度系数为0.76。     

A387Gr11CL2钢板焊接性研究

采用埋弧焊工艺,对成分优化的A387Gr11CL2钢板在较低预热温度下的焊接性进行了研究,并利用金相显微镜、硬度计、万能试验机及冲击试验机,分析了焊接接头的组织、硬度、拉伸性能、冲击性能和冷弯性能。结果表明,焊接板经过60℃预热,并采用线能量为38～41 k J/cm的埋弧焊进行焊接,再经715℃×360 min的焊后热处理工艺,可获得性能合格的焊接接头。焊接区和热影响区虽然晶粒粗大,硬度均高于母材,但是经过焊后热处理后冷裂纹倾向不大;强度和延伸率相对于母材有小幅度下降,但仍满足标准要求,冷弯性能亦合格;焊接接头各位置-30℃冲击功均在80 J以上,远高于标准要求的47 J。     

冷加工对316L不锈钢力学行为和组织的影响

采用室温拉伸及硬度测试研究了不同的冷变形量对316L不锈钢室温力学性能及硬度的影响,并通过OM、TEM对冷变形后组织结构的观察,分析讨论了不同变形后力学性能及硬度的变化机制.结果表明,冷变形使材料的强度和硬度得到大幅度提高,但塑性有所降低.冷变形量为25％时,钢的屈服强度可达到745 MPa,同时伸长率达到19.3％.随冷变形量的不同,该钢加工硬化能力不同.变形量低于2.5％时,强度、硬度增加的速度较快,而变形量高于约2.5％后,强度、硬度增加的速度却相对较小,其原因是变形机制不同.另外,冷变形后钢的屈服强度与硬度有着相似的变化规律,由此提出了由冷变形后硬度变化预测冷变形后拉伸屈服强度的方程.     

应变速率对钛合金室温拉伸性能的影响

拉伸速率对金属材料的室温拉伸性能影响很大,文章介绍了不同应变速率对钛合金Ti6Al4V(TC4)、TA15和Ti1023室温拉伸性能影响的研究进展,并通过分析和归纳,阐述了第一应变速率和第二应变速率对钛合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率及断面收缩率的影响程度和规律,最后对应变速率对钛合金室温拉伸性能影响研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

大厚度紫铜搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊接方法对厚度为30mm和50mm的T2紫铜板分别进行单面和双面焊接实验,并对焊缝的微观组织与力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:在一定的参数范围内,可获得表面成形美观、内部无缺陷且变形小的对接接头.30mmT2紫铜板单道焊焊后平均抗拉强度为177.2MPa,达到母材的81.7%,断后平均伸长率为25.4%;焊缝横切面显微硬度分布波动较大,最低值位于前进侧热影响区底部,说明了此处位置是焊缝薄弱环节.     

Comparison of microstructure and properties between joints of FSW and TIG 316L austenitic stainless steel

FSW and TIG were conducted on 316L stainless steel.Variation during microstructure and properties in joints obtained by different welding methods was studied.The results show that the effect of severe mechanical stirring and intense plastic deformation creat a fine recrystallized grain in the welding joint during FSW.As for TIG,the temperature of welding joint exceeds the melting point of welded material itself.The entire welding process belongs to the solidification of a small molten pool;and the microstructure of the joint takes on a typical casting structure.When the welding parameters were selected appropriately,the average ultimate tensile strength of FSW joints can reach 493 MPa,which is 83.6%of base metal;the average elongation is 52.1%of base metal.The average ultimate tensile strength of TIG joints is 475 MPa, which is 80.5%of base metal;the average elongation is 40.8%of base metal.The tensile test of FSW joints is superior to the TIG joints.The microhardness of FSW joint compared to base metal and TIG joint having a significant improvement,which arel95.5 HV,159.7 HV and 160.7 HV,respectively;grain refinement strengthening plays an important role in enhancing the microhardness.The electrochemical corrosion tests show that the joint of FSW 316L austenitic stainless steel has a good corrosion resistance.     

Effect of Arc Welding Processes on the Weld Attributes of Type 316LN Stainless Steel Weld joint

The present study aims at understanding the effect of various arc welding processes on the evolution of microstructure, mechanical properties, residual stresses and distortion in 9 mm thick type 316LN austenitic stainless steel weld joints. Weld joints of type 316LN stainless steel were fabricated by three different arc welding processes which were commonly employed in the nuclear industry. All the weld joints passed radiographic examination. Microstructural characterization was done using optical and scanning electron microscope. Volume fraction of δ-ferrite was lowest in the A-TIG weld joint. The A-TIG welded joint exhibited adequate strength and maximum impact toughness values in comparison to that of weld joints made by SMAW and FCAW processes. The A-TIG weld joint was found to exhibit lowest residual stresses and distortion compared to that of other welding processes. This was attributed to lower weld metal volume and hence reduced shrinkage in the A-TIG weld joint compared to that of weld joints made by FCAW and SMAW processes which involved v-groove with filler metal addition. Therefore, type 316LN stainless steel A-TIG weld joint consisting of lower δ-ferrite, adequate strength, high impact toughness, lower residual stresses and distortion was suited better for elevated temperature service compared to that of SMAW and FCAW weld joints.     

Deformation behavior of a 16-8-2 GTA weld as influenced by its solidification substructure

Weldment sections from 'formed and welded’ type 316 stainless steel pipe are characterized with respect to some time-independent (tensile) and time-dependent (creep) mechanical properties at temperatures between 25 °C and 649 °C. The GTA weldment, welded with 16-8-2 filler metal, is sectioned from pipe in the ‘formed + welded + solution annealed + straightened’ condition, as well as in the same condition with an additional ‘re-solution’ treatment. Detailed room temperature microhardness measurements on these sections before and after reannealing enable a determination of the different recovery characteristics of weld and base metal. The observed stable weld metal solidification dislocation substructure in comparison with the base metal ‘random’ dislocation structure, in fact, adequately explains weld/base metal elevated temperature mechanical behavior differences from this recovery characteristic standpoint. The weld metal substructure is the only parameter common to the variety of austenitic stainless steel welds exhibiting the consistent parent/weld metal deformation behavior differences described here. As such, it must be considered the key to understanding weldment mechanical behavior.     

晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响

摘要：对粗晶201LN奥氏体不锈钢采用60%冷变形结合700℃退火120s工艺制备超细晶奥氏体不锈钢,研究晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术对粗晶和超细晶奥氏体钢进行了组织表征,并使用万能试验机测试20和650℃环境下力学性能。结果显示粗晶奥氏体不锈钢经过冷变形结合退火工艺处理,平均晶粒尺寸由18μm细化为0.9μm,屈服强度由383MPa提高到704MPa,而伸长率由63.8%下降到46.3%,表明晶粒细化能有效提高奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度的同时较小损害塑性,TEM证实其形变机制均为形变诱导马氏体和孪生协同作用。当温度由20℃提高到650℃时,粗晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别下降到180MPa和28.1%,超细晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别为384MPa和24.2%。这表明在650℃高温环境下细晶强化作用仍然有效,粗晶和超细晶奥氏体不锈钢也有较好的塑性,其形变机制分别变为位错滑移和位错滑移+层错+孪生。     

冷轧变形量对304不锈钢力学性能的影响

 研究304奥氏体不锈钢薄板的硬度随冷轧变形量的变化规律,为奥氏体不锈钢薄板工业生产提供指导。同时,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度测量、X-射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了不同变形量冷轧对304不锈钢显微组织和机械性能的影响。在室温对0.5mm厚退火板材进行冷轧,使冷轧变形量从10%增加到52%。结果表明,形变诱发马氏体相变是导致304不锈钢冷轧时产生加工硬化的主要原因,冷轧可以显著提高钢的强度和硬度。当冷轧变形至40%时,304不锈钢的维氏硬度是未变形时的2.2倍,屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增大到未变形时的4.2倍（880MPa）和1.8倍（1312MPa）。     

含铝304和316L奥氏体不锈钢热轧板材焊接性能

 对加Al质量分数为4%的304、2%的316L不锈钢热轧板材的焊接性能进行了研究。采用手工氩弧焊（TIG）的焊接方法,利用光学显微镜对焊缝的显微组织进行分析,利用电子探针（EMPA）分析焊接母材的元素分布,并对焊接接头进行力学性能测试。组织和力学性能的研究结果表明：含铝304和含铝316L合金热轧板分别选用ER308L,ER316L作为焊接材料,经TIG焊接后,焊缝无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,接头具有良好的强度和塑性,焊接接头力学性能接近于其母材;热影响区组织与母材组织基本一致,焊缝与母材熔合良好,组织良好,加铝304和316L不锈钢具有良好的焊接性能。     

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel

In the present work, dissimilar welding between UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) and 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) was performed by using gas tungsten arc welding and ER2209 filler at two different heat inputs (0.52 and 0.98 kJ/mm). Microstructures were characterized using reflected light optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Micro-hardness and tensile properties were measured across the weld for both the heat inputs. The microstructure of the welded region was primarily austenitic (for both heat inputs) with Widmanstätten morphology. The grain size of the heat affected zone on DSS side was very large (~200 µm) for the high heat input sample with the presence of partially transformed austenite and acicular austenite. The precipitation of intermetallic phases and carbides was not observed for both the heat inputs. The proportion of ferrite in the weld metal (as measured by feritscope) was higher for the high heat input sample than the low heat input sample. During the tensile test, fracture occurred in 316L ASS base metal (because of its lower strength) in ductile manner. For high heat input welds, the impact tested sample showed the presence of fine spherical precipitates rich in Cr, Mn and Fe in the fracture surface of weld metal.     

防护型车用超高强钢的焊接性及焊接工艺

常规工艺大都采用奥氏体、铁素体不锈钢焊丝焊接来避免出现焊接裂纹等缺陷,然而采用这类焊丝焊接的接头抗拉强度和硬度会大幅降低,使得车辆的防护性能也随之降低甚至失效。为了使超高强钢焊接接头的强度和硬度达到较高的使用要求,针对超高强钢(抗拉强度1 500MPa以上)的焊接性及焊接工艺进行了研究。通过理论分析,选取了与母材组织匹配的超低碳马氏体不锈钢焊材,制定了与之匹配的工艺方法及参数,使得焊接后接头与母材组织均为马氏体组织,且有效消除了焊接裂纹等缺陷,从而实现了焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材抗拉强度的70%以上,硬度与母材硬度相当的目标。在试验过程中,采用最经济的MAG焊焊接方法和较容易控制的预热温度,较为经济地满足了工业化生产应用。     

Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints of AISI 316L steel and API X70 high-strength low-alloy steel

The microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel and API X70 high-strength low-alloy steel were investigated.For this purpose,gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)was used in three different heat inputs,including 0.73,0.84,and 0.97 kJ/mm.The microstructural investigations of different zones including base metals,weld metal,heat-affected zones and interfaces were performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The mechanical properties were measured by microhardness,tensile and impact tests.It was found that with increasing heat input,the dendrite size and inter-dendritic spacing in the weld metal increased.Also,the amount of delta ferrite in the weld metal was reduced.Therefore,tensile strength and hardness were reduced and impact test energy was increased.The investigation of the interface between AISI 316L base metal and ER316L filler metal showed that increasing the heat input increases the size of austenite grains in the fusion boundary.A transition region was formed at the interface between API X70 steel and filler metals.     

氮对316L型不锈钢等离子弧焊接性能的影响

氮作为一种强奥氏体化元素,在不降低韧性的前提下可以提高材料强度和抗腐蚀性能。为了研究氮含量对316L型不锈钢焊接性能的影响,采用两种不同氮含量的316L型不锈钢进行不填丝穿孔等离子弧焊接。通过力学、抗晶间腐蚀等性能的对比,结合金相组织观察,可以看出奥氏体不锈钢中氮元素含量的增加能够提高焊接接头的抗拉强度,但却促进了热影响区晶粒的粗化,导致热影响区的低温冲击性能降低。