氯化聚乙烯/三元乙丙橡胶共混发泡材料性能的研究

以氯化聚乙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(CM/EPDM)并用胶为基材制得发泡材料,研究了DCP用量和发泡体系对发泡材料性能的影响。结果表明,在DCP用量为2份、AC用量为8～12份时,硫化速率和AC分解发泡速率匹配较好,发泡材料泡孔细密均匀,表面光滑,制品综合性能最佳;在所研究的3种发泡助剂(硬脂酸锌,ZnO和纳米ZnO)中,含ZnO和纳米ZnO的发泡材料外观较好、性能优良;当ZnO用量为6～8份时,发泡制品密度较低,性能较好。     

P34HB发泡材料的制备及性能表征

以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂、氧化锌(ZnO)为发泡促进剂、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,通过模压法制备了聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P34HB)发泡材料。研究了ZnO用量对AC分解温度的影响,讨论了DCP用量对泡孔形态、泡孔密度、力学性能的影响。结果表明:当AC与ZnO质量比1∶1时,AC的分解温度降低了70℃左右,DCP对P34HB发泡材料的性能具有改善作用,当DCP质量分数为2%时,发泡材料的综合性能最佳,表观密度达到648.00g/cm3,同时力学性能达到最大值。     

乙酸-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶/聚乳酸共混体系的发泡及阻尼性能

以乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物为基体材料,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为硫化剂、偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,经模压发泡制备橡塑共混发泡材料,用扫描电子显微镜观察材料的泡孔结构及泡孔尺寸分布,采用动态黏弹谱仪对发泡材料的阻尼性能进行研究,考察了AC和DCP用量、发泡时间及白炭黑用量对EVM/PLA发泡材料泡孔结构及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着AC用量的增加,材料的泡孔数目增多但孔径相差不大,阻尼性能也无明显变化,在AC用量为4份时材料的阻尼性能较好;随着DCP用量的增加,材料的泡孔尺寸略有减小,阻尼性能变化不大,DCP用量为5份时材料的阻尼性能较好;随着发泡时间的延长,泡孔尺寸逐渐减小,阻尼性能逐渐提高,发泡时间为5 min时,泡孔孔径与损耗因子均出现突变;填料用量增加,泡孔孔径减小,发泡材料整体损耗因子上升。     

发泡剂用量对EVM/PLA共混物性能的影响

选用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM 700)与聚乳酸(PLA)为基体材料,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,采用模压发泡法制备了橡塑共混型发泡材料,研究了发泡剂用量对材料发泡性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,共混物呈现大量微孔围绕少数大孔的梯度泡孔结构。随着AC用量的增加,泡孔数量增多,泡孔壁变薄,泡孔尺寸变化不大;压缩强度和发泡密度呈降低趋势,发泡倍率呈升高趋势。AC用量为4份时,材料阻尼性较好。     

模压成型ABS微孔发泡材料的研究

采用化学交联模压法制备了丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)微孔发泡材料,研究了发泡温度、发泡压力、发泡时间等加工参数对泡孔性能的影响,采用力学测试方法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了ABS微孔发泡材料的力学性能和泡孔形态。研究结果表明,当发泡温度为170℃、发泡压力为10 MPa、发泡时间为12 min时,制得的ABS微孔发泡材料泡孔尺寸、泡孔密度适中,表观密度最小,同时具有较好的冲击强度。在此模压工艺参数下,材料的平均泡孔直径约为50μm,泡孔密度约为3.2×108个/cm3,满足工业上微孔发泡材料泡孔密度的要求。     

软质PVC鞋底发泡材料的研制

以软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）为主体材料，加入发泡剂偶氮二碳酰胺（AC）、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）、柠朦酸、丁腈橡胶（NBR）、泡孔调节剂等，采用一步法模压成型软质PVC鞋底发泡材料。研究AC，DCP、柠朦酸、NBR、泡孔调节剂用量对软质PVC发泡材料密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在AC4．0份、DCP0．2份、柠朦酸0．2份、NBR40．0份、泡孔调节剂11.0份时，发泡材料性能优异，其密度和力学性能满足软质PVC鞋底发泡材料的要求。     

一步法模压成型软质PVC鞋底发泡材料

木文以软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）为主体材料。加入发泡剂AC、交联剂DCP、柠罐酸（L）、NBR、泡孔调节剂（A）等主要组分，采用一步法模压成型软质PVC鞋应发泡材料。研览置泡剂AC、交联剂DCP、柠檬酸（L）、NBR、泡孔调节剂（A）用量对软质PVC发泡材料密度和力学性的影响。结果表明：发泡剂AC4份，DCP0．2份，柠檬酸（L）0．2份．NBR40份，泡孔调节剂（A）11份时．发泡材特性能优异．其密度和力学性能满足软质PVC鞋鹿发泡材料的要求。     

聚丁烯-1模压发泡工艺研究

以聚丁烯-1(PB-1)为基体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,采用模压发泡法制备了PB-1发泡材料,分别研究了AC用量、DCP用量和滑石粉用量对PB-1发泡材料性能的影响.结果表明:当DCP用量为0.15份、AC用最为2.00份、滑石粉用量为5.00份时,PB-1发泡材料的综合性能最佳.     

硫化发泡体系对硅橡胶泡沫材料应力松弛性能的影响

考察了过氧化二异丙苯/N,N-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺(DCP/H)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己烷/偶氮二甲酰胺(双二五/AC)和过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)/AK 3种硫化发泡体系及助交联剂TAIC对硅橡胶泡沫材料力学性能和压缩应力松弛性能以及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,DCP/H硫化发泡体系的力学性能和应力松弛性能优于双二五/AC和BPO/AK,添加适量助交联剂TAIC有助于进一步降低硅橡胶泡沫材料的应力松弛性能。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现,DCP/H硫化发泡体系对应的硅橡胶发泡材料泡孔较小且分布均匀,当加入适量的助交联剂TAIC后,硅橡胶泡沫材料的泡孔更加细小均匀。     

复合发泡体系对PUR–T发泡材料性能的影响

采用化学发泡法,用热塑性聚氨酯(PUR–T)及偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)/Na HCO3,AC/尿素及4,4’–氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)/Na HCO3,OBSH/尿素复合发泡剂和交联剂甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)制备出交联型PUR–T发泡材料,通过万能电子试验机、发泡倍数和扫描电子显微镜分析比较了不同复合发泡剂的发泡效果,探讨了AC/Na HCO3用量配比和TDI用量对PUR–T发泡材料力学性能、发泡倍数和泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,AC/Na HCO3复合发泡剂对PUR–T的发泡效果最佳,泡孔均匀细密且结构最为稳定;当AC和Na HCO3用量均为0.2份、TDI用量为1.2份时,发泡剂的发泡速率和PUR–T的交联速率最匹配,发泡倍数为1.421倍,发泡效果最佳,制得的PUR–T发泡材料的力学性能最好,其拉伸强度达11.23 MPa,断裂伸长率达311%。     

ABS微孔发泡材料气体扩散行为分析

采用化学交联模压法制备了丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)微孔发泡材料,研究了发泡温度、发泡压力及发泡时间对ABS微孔发泡材料气体的扩散行为及泡孔结构的影响,结果表明:气体吸收量随着发泡温度、发泡压力和发泡时间的增加,先增大后减小;随着气体吸收量的增加,制品的泡孔尺寸逐渐减小,泡孔密度逐渐增大,增加气体吸收量有利于提高发泡效果。当发泡温度为170℃、发泡压力为10 MPa、发泡时间为12min时,泡孔密度约为2.87×108个/cm3,可满足工业上微孔发泡材料泡孔密度的要求。     

CM与PVC共混发泡性能的研究

采用模压法进行发泡,研究了氯化聚乙烯(CM)与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的共混比和发泡剂用量对发泡体的泡体性能、泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,不同CM/PVC共混比的复合材料,随体系中CM的增加,发泡密度逐渐减小、泡孔体积和发泡倍率逐渐增大,当CM/PVC=50/50时,发泡材料具有较好的综合性能;改变共混体系中发泡剂AC的用量,测试泡体性能及观察泡孔结构得出,随AC发泡剂用量的增加,发泡材料的发泡密度减小,其相应的物理机械性能如拉伸强度、撕裂强度逐渐降低。     

微发泡聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为研究

以PP(聚丙烯)为基体材料,分别添加发泡剂母粒、发泡剂和助剂母粒及发泡剂、助剂、成核剂母粒,在二次开模条件下注塑制备微发泡PP复合材料,分析了发泡助剂及成核剂对微发泡复合材料发泡行为的影响规律。结果表明,添加发泡助剂以后,PP体系的发泡质量得到明显改善;助剂和成核剂同时添加,微发泡PP体系的发泡质量最好,泡孔平均直径为26.79μm,泡孔密度达到4.76×106个/cm3。     

改性剂和增塑剂对PVC微孔泡沫塑料形态影响

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,用自制的动态模拟发泡装置研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)配方中改性剂丙烯酸酯类高分子聚合物(ACR)含量和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)含量对PVC微孔塑料泡孔形态的影响.结果表明,在其他工艺条件和配方相同的情况下,ACR为4份时得到的PVC微孔泡沫塑料泡孔密度最大,泡孔粒径最小,DOP为2～6份时比较适合PVC微孔发泡,并且振动力场的引入有利于得到细小均匀的微孔结构.     

Preparation and characterization of microcellular thin polycarbonate sheets

A new method was developed for the microcellular processing of polycarbonate (PC) thin sheets by compression molding above PC's glass‐transition temperature and below its melting temperature within a few minutes. The effects of the foaming time, foaming pressure, foaming temperature, and foaming agent active ratio on the cell size, cell density, and relative density were studied. The structures of the microcellular PC foam were controlled in the foaming process by carefully choosing the foaming parameters. In addition, the thermal, dynamic mechanical thermal, and electrical properties of the microcellular PC foam were investigated. A differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the microcellularly processed PC may have a plastication effect. The variation of the storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was in accord with the calorimetry analysis. The measurement of the electrical property demonstrated that the insulation ability of the microcellular PC thin sheet was obviously enhanced and the dielectric strength of the microcellular PC foam was decreased compared to the unfoamed PC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1760–1766, 2006     

无机粉体形状对微发泡聚丙烯材料发泡行为的影响

选取粒径约为20μm的针状MgSO4晶须、片层状云母粉和粒状SiO2,以5%的用量加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP复合材料;通过异相成核理论和粉体分布的特性,分析了无机粉体形状对微发泡PP复合材料发泡行为的影响。结果表明,片层状云母粉具有良好的相容性、比表面特性和异相成核作用,发泡效果理想;泡孔直径达到22.10μm左右、泡孔密度为6.92×108个/cm3;聚烯烃类材料发泡的成核剂中,以片层状的云母粉较为理想。     

Microcellular thin PET sheet foam preparation by compression molding

This study has created a new way of microcellullar processing PET thin sheet foam using a conventional hydraulic press by compression molding and by setting the temperature of press plates differently. Comparing this study with our previous work, the emphasis is on the difference of plate temperature. The nonisothermal condition is used to control the foaming agent decomposition to lead to more uniform cell size microcellular foam. A variety of cell sizes, cell densities, and relative densities are obtained as a consequence of the different foaming temperature, time, pressure, and foaming agent content via isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The effect of isothermal and nonisothermal foaming on the cell size, cells density, and relative density has been discussed. The electrical properties of the microcellular poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples prepared in nonisothermal foaming have been investigated. The experimental results show that the microcellular PET foam has lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss and higher electric resistivity than unfoamed PET. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1698–1704, 2004     

成核剂对聚丙烯微发泡行为及力学性能的影响

将自制的发泡母料添加到共聚聚丙烯(PP)中,采用化学发泡注塑工艺制得微发泡材料。通过SEM和TGA分析,研究了不同成核剂制得的发泡母料对PP微发泡材料力学性能和泡孔行为的影响。结果表明:发泡母料含量为5%时,制得的发泡PP复合材料性能优异;以硫酸钙作为成核剂时,所得制品泡孔直径较小,且均匀性最好。     

纳米蒙脱土在聚丙烯微发泡材料中的应用

将硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米蒙脱土(Nano-MMT),以不同类型(DK1N、DK4、DK1)加入聚丙烯中在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP/Nano-MMT复合材料,分析了不同类型Nano-MMT对材料的发泡行为与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Nano-MMT的类型为DK4时,泡孔尺寸在18μm左右,泡孔密度为3.94×107个/cm3,冲击韧性提高约30.46%,发泡效果较理想。     

Microcellular foaming of silicone rubber with supercritical carbon dioxide

In spite of great concern on the industrial application of microcellular silicone rubber foams, such as in electric and medical devices, only a few works can be found about the foaming of silicone rubber. In this study, microcellular silicone rubber foams with a cell size of 12 μm were successfully prepared with curing by heat and foaming by supercritical CO₂ as a green blowing agent. The microcellular silicone rubber foams exhibited a well-defined cell structure and a uniform cell size distribution. The crosslinking and foaming of silicone rubber was carried out separately. After foaming, the silicone rubber foam was cross-linked again to stabilize the foam structure and further improve its mechanical properties. Foaming process of cross-linked silicone rubber should be designed carefully based on the viscoelastic properties because of its elastic volume recovery in the atmosphere. The basic crosslinking condition for small cell size and high cell density was obtained after investigating the rheological behavior during crosslinking.