钛硅分子筛催化丙烯环氧化反应动力学

研究了以甲醇为溶剂,钛硅分子筛(TS-1)催化丙烯/H2O2环氧化反应.考察了不同反应温度以及催化剂含量对环氧化反应的影响.通过对比实验发现,钛硅分子筛不仅对丙烯环氧化有催化作用,而且对环氧丙烷的醚化反应催化效果明显.还考察了钛硅分子筛质量浓度为0.73%,温度30～65℃条件下双氧水的分解情况,结果表明温度小于60℃时,可忽略双氧水自身分解.根据已得到实验数据,确定了丙烯环氧化反应生成环氧丙烷,环氧丙烷又与甲醇环醚化生成丙二醇甲醚这一串联反应在丙烯压力为0.30 MPa条件下的动力学方程.     

沉淀剂对Ag/TS-1催化性能的影响

考察了沉淀剂的种类对制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂催化性能的影响,采用TEM,XRD和UV-Vis等表征手段对Ag/TS-1催化剂进行了分析,结果表明,Na2CO3是一种良好的沉淀剂,钾离子的存在有利于提高环氧丙烷选择性。以Na2CO3为沉淀剂制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂上的丙烯转化率为0.75%,环氧丙烷选择性为95.9%。     

KOH沉淀剂对Ag/TS-1催化剂用于丙烯气相环氧化的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备Ag/TS-1催化剂,在423 K、常压条件下用于丙烯气相环氧化反应,研究了碱金属沉淀剂KOH的影响。结果表明,以KOH为沉淀剂、TS-1为载体制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂反应性能最佳,丙烯转化率为1.8%,环氧丙烷选择性为91.7%;K+的存在对反应有促进作用。     

丁酮合成丁酮肟的研究

在常压条件下,对以钛硅分子筛TS-1为催化剂催化丁酮氨氧化反应制取丁酮肟的过程进行研究。考察了TS-1催化剂的用量、酮氨物质的量比、双氧水用量、反应温度、反应时间对反应过程中丁酮的转化率和丁酮肟选择性的影响。实验结果表明,常压条件下最佳工艺条件为:过氧化氢与氨水采用连续进料的方式,TS-1催化剂的用量为10.0 g/mol,进料物质的量比为氨水∶丁酮∶双氧水=3∶1∶1.5,反应时间为3 h,反应温度为70℃。此时,丁酮的转化率为82.38%,丁酮肟的选择性为98.18%。     

Au/TS-1的合成及其对环己烷氧化反应的影响

用不同的:实验方法制备得到了钛硅负载金催化剂(Au/TS-1).并用于催化环己烷液相选择氧化反应。发现以无机钛硅为原料水热合成得到的Au/TS-1催化剂具有良好的催化性能;在反应体系中以氧气作为氧化剂,考察了反应时间、温度、压力等因素对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,当叔丁基过氧化氢用量为0.04 g时,在150℃,1.0 MPa的条件下反应2.5 h,环己烷的转化率达到了9.42%,目的产物(环己醇、环己酮和环己基过氧化氢)的选择性为89.38%。     

丙烯环氧化合成环氧丙烷新技术的研究进展

评述了以分子氧和双氧水为氧源的丙烯环氧化催化剂体系的最新研究进展。其中包括金属Ag催化剂。金属熔盐混合物，钛硅沸石TS-1和过渡金属络合物催化剂体系，根据氧转移机理。金属Ag催化剂和熔盐体系是以分子氧为直接氧源，而TS-1和最近报道的反应相转移含钨催化剂本质上是以过氧化氢为直接氧源。TS-1和反应相转移含钨催化剂和优点是反应条件较温和，生成环氧丙烷的选择性和产率较高。如一种负载成“蛋壳醇作为溶剂），环氧丙烷选择性和产率（以双氧水计）分别可达92%和90%以上。催化剂运转1000h以上性能稳定，今后的一个重要发展方向是开发以分子氧为起始氧源，简单高效的原位双氧水工艺。     

丙烯直接气相氧化过程中Ag/TS-1催化剂上活性银物种的分布

在常压固定床、石英反应器中,以丙烯直接气相氧化反应为探针,考察了硅烷化处理及TS-1中模板剂对Ag/TS-1催化性能的影响.同时,采用UV-Vis、ICP和TEM等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明：在丙烯直接气相氧化过程中,载体TS-1硅烷化后所制备的Ag/TS-1的催化性能增强.通过硅烷化处理负载2%SiO₂,制备的Ag/TS-1的丙烯转化率可达2.1%,环氧丙烷选择性98.4%.用TS-1原粉（含有模板剂）所制备的Ag/TS-1不具有环氧化性能.分子筛内外表面的银物种均具有环氧化性能,但内表面的银物种在丙烯气相氧化过程中起决定性的作用.     

常压丙烯催化环氧化制环氧丙烷

研究了常压、气-液-固三相条件下Ts-1催化丙烯环氧化反应,利用气体及时将反应产物环氧丙烷从反应体系中直接分离,避免了进一步转化为副产物。考察了反应温度、压力、催化剂用量、反应时间、丙烯流速和载气流速对反应的影响。在最佳的反应条件下,过氧化氢的转化率、有效利用率和环氧丙烷的选择性分别达到95．3％、98．4％和85．3％。本反应体系的主要优点是反应产物可以在反应的同时进行分离,强化了反应过程,具有工业化前景。     

四苯基铁卟啉仿生催化丙烯环氧化合成环氧丙烷的研究

合成了四苯基铁卟啉并用于催化丙烯环氧化合成环氧丙烷,考察了共还原剂种类、催化剂浓度、共还原剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、反应压力对实验的影响。该反应适宜的条件为1.74×10~(-5)mol/L催化剂TPPFe~(Ⅲ)Cl;1.31×10~(-4)mol/L助催化剂3-吲哚乙酸;共还原剂丙烯醛,n(正丁醛)∶n(丙烯)=1∶1.2;溶剂二氯甲烷,n(二氯甲烷)∶n(丙烯)=15.45;反应温度98℃;反应压力1.65 MPa;反应时间1.8 h。在该条件下,丙烯的转化率为35.04%,环氧丙烷的收率和选择性分别达34.28%和97.83%。     

过氧化钼改性UiO-67催化丙烯环氧化性能研究

以过氧化钼为催化活性中心,采用后修饰法制备了以金属有机框架为载体的UiO-67-MoO(O_2)_2催化剂,并利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、HRTEM和N_2物理吸附等表征手段对该催化剂进行分析;研究了以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂氧化丙烯制备环氧丙烷的反应,重点考察了反应溶剂和反应温度对丙烯环氧化反应的影响。结果表明,环氧丙烷的产率在极性小的反应溶剂中较高。以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,在丙烯压力为0. 6 MPa、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为6 h的条件下,过氧化氢异丙苯的转化率为52. 2%,环氧丙烷的产率为20. 9%,且反应后的催化剂骨架仍保持完整。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。