锥环挡板振荡流反应器流场的CFD研究

采用(四面体 楔体 棱锥体)的非结构化网格对包括进料和出料机构的五腔室锥环挡板振荡流反应器(OFR)的空间三维流场进行了计算流体力学(CFD)模拟,得到了不同振荡强度下标准腔室、顶部腔室和底部腔室的流场结构信息.研究得到了存在净流时锥环挡板OFR的流场结构,同时将模拟结果与圆环挡板OFR流场进行了比较.     

圆环挡板振荡流连续反应器的结构优化

采用计算流体动力学方法对制备生物柴油的圆环挡板振荡流反应器的液-液两相流进行了数值模拟研究。选取欧拉-欧拉模型描述液 液两相流动,进一步耦合群体平衡模型将液滴的聚并和破裂考虑在内,对湍流模型则采用标准k-ε模型进行描述。在此基础上,对反应器的挡板开孔率和挡板间距等重要结构参数进行了优化。模拟结果表明,在振荡频率为4 Hz、振幅为16~36 mm条件下,通过混合效果、能量耗散和液滴直径分布等情况综合考虑,最适宜挡板开孔率范围为25%~30%,最适宜挡板间距为1.5D。     

圆环挡板振荡流反应器浓度场的数值模拟

采用有限体积元方法对五腔室圆环挡板振荡流反应器(OFR)的三维浓度场进行了数值模拟研究,考察了腔室中心注入模式下的示踪剂浓度场的分布形态及其在不同振荡条件下的演化情况.研究表明,示踪剂在OFR中运动是由振荡流反应器中主体流动与漩涡构成的二次流动对腔室中心区域的交替控制促成的.定义一个腔室中的浓度方差C作为判断混合效率的依据,结果表明,C值是腔室内混合和腔室间混合共同作用的结果.参数表征的混合效率说明振荡雷诺数越大,混合效率越高.统计分析结果表明,基于长程对流混合和短程湍流扩散双模式传递模式的二项指数衰减曲线方程能够较好地描述踪剂浓度分布方差值随时间的变化.     

挡板偏心度对振荡流反应器三维流场对称性影响的研究

借助商业计算流体力学软件CFX,运用有限容积法离散振荡流反应器（OFR）的单个腔室,对具有理想对称几何边界和轻微挡板偏心度的OFR在系列振荡雷诺数（Reo）下的三维流场进行了仿真模拟,并将其可视化计算流场与实验流场进行比较,研究了OFR几何边界上的非对称因素对其内三维流场流型的影响.模拟结果表明在有效消除计算随机误差以及误差积累的情况下,几何边界理想对称OFR内的三维层流流场呈现出良好的中心对称性和周向均匀性,而湍流流场中心对称的同时呈现出周向非均匀结构--在圆周上生成8个中心对称排列的横向漩涡,其形态与Couette流中的泰勒涡类似.另外,挡板偏心度对OFR内的振荡流场的对称性有重要影响：在较大的下,其三维流场生成非对称性显著的大尺度漩涡对;并且随的增大,流场的非对称程度加大而增加.     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究（）高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果，在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上，提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性。根据停留时间分布实验结果，运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系。模拟计算表明，优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好。     

振荡流反应器的物料停留时间分布模型研究

提出了一个基于马尔柯夫链（Markov chains）的考虑腔室间返混的振荡流反应器物料停留时间分布模型。通过对在内径50mm,长1．95m的振荡流反应器进行的理想脉冲示踪试验数据的统计分析,给出了模型的唯一参数回流比R的经验计算公式。发现在试验条件下,存在一个与最小回流比R相对应的振荡条件。这振荡条件可表示为振荡流雷诺数（Reo）与净流雷诺数（Ren）的比值ζ,其范围为1．6〈ζ〈2．5。     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究 (II)高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果,在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上,提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性。根据停留时间分布实验结果,运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系。模拟计算表明,优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好。     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究(Ⅱ)高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果,在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上,提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性.根据停留时间分布实验结果,运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系.模拟计算表明,优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好.     

多相流搅拌反应器研究进展

综述了近五年冷态气液固三相搅拌反应器的研究成果,阐明近期研究热点已转为热态多相流搅拌反应器的流体力学行为。概述了热态气液两相体系中通气功率、混合时间、局部及总体气含率的研究结果。指出今后研究重点应为热态的固液悬浮、气液传质过程及其机理,同时说明用计算流体力学（CFD）对气液固三相搅拌反应器的数值模拟仍属起步阶段。     

振荡流结晶过程传热效应的模拟分析

通过振荡流调控传热特性以获得结晶器中分布特征良好的局部过饱和度,是有效优化冷却结晶过程的新设想。对具有光滑周期收缩孔(SPC)的振荡流结晶器,进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。考察了振荡流产生的时变流场结构,应用涡量表征涡旋强度,并得到剪切应变率分布,表明涡旋促进了流场混合,增强了剪切成核的调控能力。分析了振荡参数对结晶器传热特性的影响,结果表明振荡流导致了努塞尔数Nu随时间呈周期性变化,并且其周期特征与强度受振荡雷诺数Reo和斯特劳哈尔数St控制。因此,可以通过调节振荡参数达到对过饱和度的调控,这为结晶过程分析提供了依据。     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究(Ⅰ)PIV和RTD实验研究

采用粒子成像可视化（PIV）技术研究了管式振荡流反应器（OFR）内的流场形态和混合特点,并采用脉冲进样法测定了OFR在不同振荡条件下的停留时间分布函数。实验结果表明,OFR的混合特性十分复杂,并随振荡强度的变化呈现出不同的特征。振荡强度较低时,振荡使得OFR径向混合加强,减少了滞留区,流体的流动趋于平推流;振荡强度较高时,腔室内布满数目、尺寸和位置不断变化的漩涡,使每个腔室趋向于全混,腔室问的返混增大。实验数据与多级串联全混釜模型的比较结果显示,OFR的混合特性远非简单流动模式模型所能表征。     

Simulation and Experimental Validation of Two‐Phase Flow in an Aerosol Counter‐Flow Reactor using Computational Fluid Dynamics

A simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of an aerosol‐counter flow reactor was conducted using an Euler‐Lagrange method. The simulation results were then verified with experiments. The process simulated was a separation process required during the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester). In this process, the liquid ester/glycerol phases are continuously injected through a hollow cone nozzle with an overpressure of 10⁶ Pa into the reactor, operated at 15000 Pa. The liquid is atomized because of the pressure drop and a liquid particle spray is generated with an inlet velocity of 44.72 m/s. Water vapor of temperature 333 K is injected tangentially through two side, gas inlets with an inlet velocity of 1.2 m/s. Excess methanol is subjected to a mass transfer from the liquid phase into the gas phase, which is withdrawn through the head of the reactor and condensed in an external condenser unit. The stripping of the methanol off the liquid leads to a sharp interface between the glycerol and the ester phase, which can then be easily separated by gravity or pumping. The gas velocity field, pressure field and the liquid particle trajectories were calculated successfully. Simulated dwell time distribution curves were derived and analyzed with the open‐open vessel dispersion model. Experimental dwell time distribution curves were measured, analyzed with the open‐open vessel dispersion model, and compared with the simulated curves. A good consistency between simulated and measured Bodenstein numbers was achieved, but 25 % of the simulated particles exited at the reactor's head, contrary to experimental observations. The difference between simulated and measured dwell times was within one order of magnitude.     

Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Two-phase Flow in a Structured Packing Column

Characterizing the complex two-phase hydrodynamics in structured packed columns requires a power-ful modeling tool. The traditional two-dimensional model exhibits limitations when one attempts to model...     

规整填料塔内两相流动的三维计算流体力学建模(英文)

Characterizing the complex two-phase hydrodynamics in structured packed columns requires a power- ful modeling tool. The traditional two-dimensional model exhibits limitations when one attempts to model the de- tailed two-phase flow inside the columns. The present paper presents a three-dimensional computational fluid dy- namics （CFD） model to simulate the two-phase flow in a representative unit of the column. The unit consists of an CFD calculations on column packed with Flexipak 1Y were implemented within the volume of fluid （VOF） mathe- matical framework. The CFD model was validated by comparing the calculated thickness of liquid film with the available experimental data. Special attention was given to quantitative analysis of the effects of gravity on the hy- drodynamics. Fluctuations in the liquid mass flow rate and the calculated pressure drop loss were found to be quali- tatively in agreement with the experimental observations.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of the Flow in an Annular Centrifugal Contactor

Abstract

This study presents an initial scoping analysis of the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to modeling the flow in an annular centrifugal contactor. The unsteady, turbulent nature of this multi‐phase flow presents significant challenges to quantitative CFD modeling. Existing methods for confronting these obstacles are considered and initial results of the steady‐state flow of a single liquid phase in the annular mixing zone are presented. The flow of particulates and the effects of changes in geometric and operational parameters were also evaluated. Even with simplifying assumptions qualitatively accurate results could be obtained using widely available CFD models.     

计算流体力学在填充床反应器中的应用进展

在使用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟填充床反应器时,为了描述填充床中的气液流动情况,目前主要运用基于体积平均法的双流体数学模型,辅以空隙率分布,填料润湿效率以及轴向扩散等经验关联式来计算填充床中的压降、持液量、停留时间分布等重要参数。近年来填充床反应器CFD数学模型韵几个研究重点是动量交换系数、毛细管压力以及床层空隙率的非均匀分布性。简要介绍了涓流床、固定床、填料塔等填充床反应器及其内部构件研究中CFD软件模拟的应用进展情况和发展趋势。     

旋流板内两相流场的CFD模拟与分析

The flow field of gas and liquid in a φ150mm rotating-stream-tray (RST) scrubber is simulated by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The simulation is based on the two-equation RNG κ-ε turbulence model, Eulerian multiphase model, mad a real-shape 3D model with a huge number of meshes. The simulation results include detailed information about velocity, pressure, volume fraction and so on. Some features of the flow field are obtained: liquid is atomized in a thin annular zone; a high velocity air zone prevents water drops at the bottom from flying towards the wall;the pressure varies sharply at the end of blades and so on. The results will be helpful for structure optimization and engineering design.