双氧水环氧化环己烯用含钨催化剂研究新进展

以双氧水氧化环己烯合成环氧环己烷为探针反应,以钨作为活性组分,按照钨的组成和结构不同,介绍了钨配合物、硅钨杂多酸、磷钨杂多酸、含硅钨分子筛等催化剂;综述了各种含钨催化剂用于双氧水环氧化环己烯合成环氧环己烷研究进展;指出磷钨杂多酸性能优越的同时,硼钨杂多酸催化剂因制备工艺简单、对环境污染小,有望成为烯烃环氧化用含钨催化剂的研究方向。     

大环双核Cu(Ⅱ)催化剂的制备及催化性能

合成了大环双核铜(Ⅱ)催化剂—{[Cu(Ⅱ)aneN5]2(DDS)}(ClO4)4,用元素分析和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。常压条件下,以制得的催化剂催化分子氧氧化环己烯合成环己烯酮,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量等因素对环己烯酮合成的影响。优化得到较佳合成工艺条件为:O2流速大约5 mL/min,以环己烯4 mL计,催化剂2 mg,反应时间12 h,反应温度338 K,乙腈12 mL。环己烯的转化率为65.9%,环己烯酮的选择性为78.3%。     

Mn saloph/ZSM-5催化环己烯环氧化性能的研究

采用柔性配体法以ZSM-5型分子筛为载体,固载Schiff碱锰配合物,制备了分子氧环氧化环己烯的催化剂Mn saloph/ZSM-5,并用FT IR、ICP、TG-DTA以及BET等技术对其进行表征。对其催化分子氧环氧化环己烯制备环氧环己烷的工艺条件进行探索,结果表明,在35℃,环己烯2 mL,乙腈20 mL,异丁醛5 mL,催化剂40 mg的条件下,,环氧环己烷的单程收率可达78.73%,且催化剂易于分离回收。     

C02＋离子取代Keggin型磷钼酸催化剂催化环己烯制备环氧环己烷的工艺研究

以固载型过渡金属Co2＋离子取代的Keg舀n型磷钼酸为催化剂,分子氧为氧化剂,在管式微分反应器中进行了催化氧化环己烯合成环氧环己烷的工艺研究,结果表明,在反应温度260℃、反应压力1．7MPa、环己烯流量0．05mL／min、氧气流量9mL／min和催化剂1．5g的条件下,单程环己烯转化率和环氧环己烷的选择性分别为11．4％和75．1％,环氧环己烷单程收率可迭85．6％。     

环己烯催化环氧化反应的研究新进展

综述了环己烯催化氧化法合成环氧环己烷的最新研究进展。近年来,催化环己烯环氧化越来越受到关注,因为它采用了来源方便和具有环保性质的氧化剂。介绍了环己烯催化环氧化的一些新进展。反应中采用了各种氧化剂如过氧化氢(双氧水),叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)和分子氧(O2),以及各种含有各种配体(如席夫碱、卟啉、酞菁和杂多酸)的过渡金属催化剂。对有关反应的机理进行了讨论。     

CoPc/MCM-41催化氧化环己烯合成环己烯酮

以MCM-41型介孔分子筛为载体,酞菁类金属大环配合物为活性组分合成出了CoPc/MCM-41型催化剂,并对其结构进行了表征。红外、XRD和热重分析证实,催化剂活性组分负载后其热稳定性明显增加。进而以自制的CoPc/MCM-41为催化剂,对分子氧氧化环己烯制备环己烯酮的工艺条件进行了探索,结果表明,在催化剂用量120 mg(5 mL环己烯),反应温度55℃,反应时间8 h,二氯乙烷为溶剂的条件下,环己烯酮的单程产率可达24.2%,催化剂可分离回收,回收催化剂重复使用5次后,活性下降约3%。     

相转移催化法制备3，4-环氧基环己基甲酸-3’，4＇-环氧基环己基甲酯

采用磷钨杂多酸季铵盐为相转移催化剂,以过氧化氢为氧源,由3一-环己烯甲酸-3＇-环己烯甲酯（简称A）环氧化反应合成3,4-环氧基环己基甲酸-3’,4＇-环氧基环己基甲酯（简称AOO）。考察了溶剂的种类、催化剂用量（质量）、反应物料比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。得到了适宜的合成反应条件,即以60mmol A计,1,2-二氯乙烷30mL,nA：nH2O2=1：2.5,催化剂质量1.4g,温度65℃,时间60min。在该反应条件下,A的平均转化率在99％以上,产品AOO的平均产率为93.5％。产物经红外光谱、质谱分析证实为目标产物。     

环己烯催化环氧化合成环氧环己烷的的优化实验研究

实验选用绿色环保且原子经济性高的分子氧或H2O2为氧化剂,以自制的固载型过氧化磷钨杂多酸季铵盐相转移催化剂,对环己烯催化环氧化合成环氧环己烷研合成工艺条件进行了研究。得出在不使用任何溶剂时的优化条件为:反应物料物质的量配比n环己烯∶nH2O2=1.75∶1(摩尔数),wH2O2水溶液(w=30%)∶w催化剂=7.08∶1(质量比),wH2O2水溶液(w=30%)∶w助剂A=21.24∶1(质量比);反应温度55℃,反应时间5.5 h。在此条件下环己烯的平均当量转化率为84.89%,目的产物环氧环己烷的选择性平均值达94.53%。     

磷钨酸季铵盐催化合成环氧环己烷

以钨酸、磷酸、双氧水和氯化十六烷基吡啶为原料,合成了具有(C16H33C6H5N)3PO4(WO3)4结构的磷钨杂多酸季铵盐相转移催化剂,采用红外光谱和元素分析对所制得的催化剂进行表征。将该催化剂用于催化环己烯合成环氧环己烷的反应,结果表明,在催化剂用量2%、n(环己烯)∶n(双氧水)=2∶1、反应温度50℃、反应时间180 min的条件下,环氧环己烷的选择性达到98.86%,双氧水利用率达95.76%。     

催化分子氧环氧化环己烯的研究进展

介绍了分子氧的构型、催化烯烃环氧化机理及其催化环氧化环己烯的研究进展,提出以分子氧为氧源,催化环氧化环己烯的关键在于高效催化剂的制备及廉价易得还原剂的筛选。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。