碳纳米管对LaNi5稀土合金电化学性能的影响

采用LaNi5稀土合金作为催化剂，用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备了碳纳米管。研究了含有5％碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金电极样品的电化学性能。测定了碳纳米管电极的电化学储氢性能。实验发现：含有碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金的电化学放电容量更高，当放电电流密度为100mA／g时，其电化学储氢量高达385mAh／g。其循环寿命也得到了较大改善。循环100次，放电容量仅下降15％。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNixMn2-xO4的制备和电化学性能研究

采用固相反应和湿化学两种方法合成了材料LiNixMn2-xO4含Ni量影响材料在4．7V高电压区间的容量，用固相反应法制备的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4中含有杂相物质，首次放电容量可以达到118mAh／g，其中高电压区的容量为100mAh／g，循环50次的容量保持率为97％。用湿化学法可以得到纯相的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4，首次放电容量为140mAh／g，其中高电压区的容量为125mAh／g，循环50次后，容量仍能达到133mAh／g，容量保持率为95％。XPS检测结果表明，湿化学法制备的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4中Mn为＋4价，Ni为＋2价。     

锂离子电池Sn薄膜电极厚度对其电化学性能的影响

用电沉积方法在铜集流体上分别制备出不同厚度(2,0.5,0.25,0.12μm)的锡薄膜电极。用扫描电镜观察其表面形貌、以充放电实验比较其性能。结果表明,减小Sn薄膜厚度可改善电极的循环性能,但首次容量损失也增大。0.5μm厚的Sn薄膜具有最高的放电容量和较好的循环稳定性;其首次放电比容量为749mAh/g,40次循环时放电比容量仍保持578mAh/g。     

Ag修饰对Mg基贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

针对熔体快淬法制备的非晶Mg65Ni27La8合金利用置换沉积的方法在非晶合金表面沉积金属Ag,以期改善合金电极的循环性能。修饰后的合金电极最大放电比容量虽然略低于修饰前的合金电极(590 mAh/g),但是都显示了较好循环稳定性。当Ag/Mg的摩尔比为1/5时,合金电极最大放电容量为551 mAh/g,且合金经过20个充放电循环后放电比容量保持率仍达69%;线性极化曲线显示其交换电流密度为353 mA/g;表面修饰后的合金颗粒之间的接触阻抗和合金表面的电荷传输阻抗均有不同程度的降低,分别由修饰前的0.91Ω和3.15Ω降低到0.33Ω和0.85Ω。     

高性能纳米晶储氢合金的制备

用双辊快淬法得到晶粒尺寸小于50nm、由均匀CaCu5相组成的富铈稀土储氢合金，在200mA／g充放电条件下，合金放电比容量达到295mAh／g，经200循环后，容量衰减率为4．5％。将合金粉组装成AAA550型电池，在1C充放电条件下，经2次活化，比容量达到最大值547．4mAh／g，经95次循环后，容量衰减率为2．48％。     

锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的制备及电化学性能

采用嵌段聚合物型表面活性剂P123作为结构导向剂,利用溶胶-凝胶方法制备出纳米TiO2作为合成Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料的原料之一.然后采用湿法球磨辅助的固相反应合成方法,以丙酮作为球磨介质,制备出Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材科,并对所制备的Li4Ti5O12电极材料进行扫描电镜SEM、透射电镜TEM、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安(CV)以及循环性能测试.电化学性能测试表明所制各出的锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12具有较高的放电比容量和优异的循环性能.在电流密度为16 mA/g时首次放电比容量为155 mAh/g,首次库仑效率为98.3%.300次循环结束时放电比容量仍可达150.8 mAh/g,约为首次放电比容量的97.3%,300次循环容量仅衰减了2.7%.     

LiFePO4／C复合正极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用高温固相碳热还原法（CTR，Carbothermal Reduction）合成了LiFePO4／C复合正极材料。采用XRD，SEM以及BET等方法对产物进行表征。结果表明，所得LiFeP04／C材料有着单一的橄榄石型晶体结构。750℃下制备产物的BET比表面积为39．7002m^2／g。利用恒流充放电，循环伏安法（CV），电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等电化学手段研究了LiFePO4／C材料的电化学性质。结果表明：750℃下制备的LiFePO4／C复合材料在25℃工作温度下，有着优异的循环稳定性和大倍率充放电性能，使用850ma／g（5C）的电流密度对电池充放电90次后，电池放电比容量仍能保持11lmAh／g。在55℃工作温度下1C充放电倍率时，首次和第90次循环的放电比容量分别为14513mAh／g和142．9mAh／g。     

电沉积制备La-Mg-Ni贮氢合金薄膜及其性能的研究

采用恒电流沉积方法在水溶液中沉积出LaMgNi4合金薄膜。利用循环伏安、模拟电池充放电循环、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了电沉积合金薄膜的电化学性能和表面形貌及结构。结果表明,该合金薄膜作为贮氢电极具有较好的电化学性能,其电化学活性高,活化性能好,首次充放电比容量达398mAh/g。     

热处理对La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢电极合金经过适当热处理后(1123K)，最大放电容量、循环稳定性、高倍率放电性能(HRD)、交换电流密度(I0)以及极限电流密度(IL)都有明显改善，铸态合金电极的最大放电容量为392mAh／g，放电电流密度，Id=2000mA／g时，HRD2000=74．0％，I0=266．7mA／g，IL=3425．5mA／g；经1123K保温8h退火的合金电极的最大放电容量提高到414mAh／g，HRD2000=76．2％，I0=407．9mA／g，IL=3753．6mA／g。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明，衍射峰宽度随着退火温度的升高而变窄，其原因是合金经退火处理相结构的变化和成分的均匀化。     

快速凝固非化学计量比储氢合金LaNi4.75Mn1.25 晶体结构和电化学性能

采用熔体快淬方法得到了无Co过化学计量比合金La(NiMn)6的非平衡亚稳单相CaCu5型结构,分析和研究了合金非平衡组织结构和电化学吸放氢性能.x-ray衍射分析表明,快速凝固合金组织为CaCu5型结构单相组织,与常规熔铸合金比较,快速凝固合金的晶胞参数发生了明显的各向异性变化:随着冷却速度增加,CaCu5型晶胞a轴减小,c轴及轴比c/a增大.电化学实验研究表明,当合金快凝速度≥20m/s时,过化学计量比La(NiMn)6合金MH电极的循环稳定性得到不同程度的改善,快凝速度≥30m/s时,合金电极具有良好的循环稳定性,其最大电化学容量为256mAh/g～277mAh/g,循环100次后合金MH电极容量保持率为63%～97.8%.快速凝固合金均大大提高了合金的电化学稳定性,但随着冷却速度增加其活化性能和电极容量有所下降.     

Electrochemical characteristics of CoSnx alloy composite anode forlithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Nano/micro-scaled CoSnx alloy powders synthesized via carbothermal reduction at 800 ℃ with different compositions were characterized for anode materials in Li-ion battery. The synthesized spherical CoSnx particles show a loose nano/micro sized particle structural characteristic, which is apparently favorable for the improvement of cycling stability. The prepared CoSn3 alloy composite electrode exhibits a low initial irreversible capacity of ca.130 mAh·g-1 and a high specific capacity of ca.440 mAh·g-1 at constant current density of 100 mA·g-1 . The relatively large particle size is considered to be the main reason for the lower irreversible capacity of CoSn3 electrode.     

Effects of Mm(NiCoAlMn)_5 hydrogen storage alloy coated with Ni-Co-P alloy by electroless plating on electrochemical properties of hydride electrodes

1　INTRODUCTIONNickel metalhydride (MH Ni)rechargeablebatterieswithhydrogenstoragealloysasthenegativeelectrodematerialhaveattractedincreasingattentionsbecauseofseveralinherentadvantages[16 ] .Sofar ,manymulti component,mischmetal based ,hydro gen storagealloyshavebeendevelopedtomeetthere quirementofhighcyclinglife ;theseincludesubstitu tionofthenickelbyMn ,CoandAl[7] .Thecomposi tionofthealloyisimportant ,andtheeffectsofsur facecompositionandmorphologyarealsosignificant.Micro encapsulat…     

Mechanism of lithium insertion into NiSi2 anode material for lithium ion batteries

As a promising high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries, the lithium insertion performance and possible insertion mechanism of binary alloy of NiSi2 were discussed. The initial lithium insertion of crystal NiSi2 can reach up to 600 mAh·g-1 , but large irreversible capacity occurrs simultaneously for serious structure transformation and the irreversible phase forms. XRD and XPS were employed to detect the crystal structure and composition changes produced by lithium insertion. The lithium insertion-extraction behavior of NiSi2 electrode is similar to that of silicon after the first discharge. The structure stability seems related to the non-stoichimometric Ni-Si compound formed by lithium insertion into NiSi2.     

Effect of La on the crystalline and electrochemical properties of Ti-Zr-Ni melt-spun alloys

Ti45Zr30Ni25 and Ti45Zr30Ni25La alloys were prepared by melt-spinning, and the phase structure and electrochemical performances of the melt-spun alloys were investigated. The results showed that the Ti45Zr30Ni25 alloy was composed of the quasicrystalline phase, amorphous phase and Laves phase. The Ti445Zr30Ni25La alloy contained quasicrystalline and amorphous phases. The maximum discharge capacity was 111 mAh/g for the Ti45Zr30Ni25 alloy electrode, and 124 mAh/g for the Ti45Zr30Ni25La alloy electrode. The Ti45Zr30Ni25La alloy electrode ex-hibited a better high-rate dischargeability and cycling stability than the Ti45Zr30Ni25 alloy electrode. The improvement of electrochemical properties was mainly ascribed to the increase in the amorphous phase due to the addition of La.     

Improving the performance of hydrogen storage electrodes based on mechanically alloyed Mg61Ni30Y9

Amorphous Mg₆₁Ni₃₀Y₉ powder was produced by mechanical alloying using a Retsch planetary ball mill under liquid nitrogen cooling. Additional gentle milling with graphite powder resulted in a thin graphite coating of powder particles. Further milling with a high energy SPEX mill transferred the alloy into a fully nanocrystalline state. The morphological and microstructural changes were followed by means of XRD, SEM, TEM and DSC. Hydrogen storage electrodes based on those alloy powders were fabricated and their cathodic and anodic polarization behaviour and their charge–discharge cycling behaviour in 6 M KOH solution were investigated. It was found that the alloy modification from a non-defective amorphous to a highly defective nanocrystalline state is more effective for improving the hydrogen sorption properties of the alloy than the graphite coating, but is detrimental for the alloy passivation. Accordingly, a SPEX-milled powder electrode exhibits with C_max = 570 mAh/g a higher maximum discharge capacity than a coated Retsch-milled powder electrode with C_max = 435 mAh/g, but degrades faster during repeated cycling. Using graphite powder supporting material for electrode preparation on a nickel foam carrier was found to be much more beneficial than nickel powder for achieving maximum discharge performance.     

Zr-Ti系贮氢合金表面改性研究

采用化学镀镍、镀钴、机械混合以及球磨几种方法对Zr-Ti系贮氢合金进行了表面改性。XRD结果表明，随着镀镍量的增加，合金越趋向微晶化；球磨时间越长，合金的衍射峰更加弥散化，充放电试验结果表明，当镀镍量为15％(质量分数，下同)时，贮氢合金在60mA.g^-1的电流密度下初始容量比未处理的合金高出130mAh．g^-1，经过6次～8次循环完全活化，最大放电容量可达400mAh．g^-1，随着镀镍量的增加，抗自放电能力增加；当镀钴量为5％时，贮氢合金在60mA．g^-1的电流密度下初始容量比未处理的合金高出40mAh．g^-1，经过7次～9次循环完全活化，最大放电容量可达390mAh．g^-1，但随着镀钴量的增加，初始容量上升较快，但放电容量在减少；而机械混合仅提高初始容量，对最大放电容量没有改善；球磨不仅改善贮氢合金的活化性能，并且其最大放电容量可达450mAh．g^-1。     

LaNixSny金属氢化物电极的制备及性能

从电化学角度研究了含锡贮氢合金的贮氢性能，并对金属氢化物电极制作技术进行了探索。结果表明，用这种贮氢合金制成的电极容量达到３４０ｍＡｈ／ｇ以上，而且容易活化。采用颗粒细小的镍粉较粒径较大的铜粉好，导电剂用量１０％；采用混合粘结剂ＣＭＣ和ＰＴＦＥ，ＣＭＣ用量为０．４％，ＰＴＦＥ用量为１０％。     

Electrochemical performance of SnSb and Sn/SnSb nanosize powders as anode materials in Li-ion cells

Nanosized pure SnSb and SnSb with excess ductile Sn (referred to as Sn/SnSb) powders have been synthesised by careful reductive co-precipitation in NaBH₄. Crystallite sizes for both powders measure in the 50–100 nm range with particles agglomerating up to a few micrometers in pure SnSb powder and several tens of micrometers in the Sn/SnSb composite. Pristine powders were mixed separately with carbon black in order to improve dispersion and electronic conduction. Electrodes were constructed using the powders and tested as Li-ion half cell in order to measure the electrochemical performance. The energy storage capacity of electrodes improved in excess of 50% by increasing quantity of carbon black from 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%. Capacity fade over repeated charge and discharge cycles still remains a challenge to practical application of SnSb and Sn/SnSb alloy electrodes.     

RE-Mg-Ni系储氢电极合金“电化学相图”的构建

将相图计算和RE-Mg-Ni(RE=Nd,Ce,Y)系储氢电极合金的最大放电容量测试相结合,然后通过矩阵运算的方式构建了合金"电化学相图",提出了一种储氢电极合金设计的新方法,可快速定位高放电容量区域,为储氢电极合金设计提供指导,缩短研发周期。结果表明,Nd-Mg-Ni体系具有较高的最大放电容量,Y-Mg-Ni体系次之,其中NdMgNi4合金的最大放电容量为271.06 mAh·g~(-1)。     

纳米Co-Sn合金负极材料的制备和电化学性能

用水热法于150oC合成了CoSn2纳米合金负极材料。水热反应前还原剂NaBH4的加入速度和水热反应后的热处理均会影响产物的相组成和CoSn2合金组分的颗粒大小,从而影响电极的电化学性能。较大的CoSn2合金颗粒有利于降低电极的首次不可逆容量损失和提高循环稳定性。电极的循环性能还与循环电流密度有关,较小的初始电流密度能够充分激活活性颗粒的嵌锂通道,并在颗粒表面形成较好的固体电解质膜(SEI膜),有利于改善电极的循环性能。