二级倒立摆的状态变量合成模糊神经网络控制

为解决模糊神经网络在控制多变量系统时的规则组合爆炸问题，提出用状态变量合成模糊神经网络控制二级倒立摆。该方法既能解决具有快速、强非线性、绝对不稳定系统的控制问题，又能对状态变量可摈性质和类型分类的多变量系统，大大减少模糊神经网络控制器的规则数，有利于利用专家的控制经验。实验结果证实了该方法的控制效果好，鲁棒性强。     

两轮不平衡小车的优化模糊控制研究

研究两轮不平衡小车问题,根据状态变量合成的模糊控制方法.两轮不平衡小车是一个典型的多变量非线性系统,若采用常规的模糊控制,会遇到因输入变量个数过多而带来的控制规则数呈指数增加的问题,即"规则爆炸"问题.而基于变量合成的方法是一种改进的模糊神经网络控制方法,它将小车系统的状态变量进行合成,使多变量简化为两个综合变量,有效降低了模糊控制器的维数,从而大大减少了模糊控制规则的数量.最后应用优化的控制器对小车系统进行了控制仿真,并且与线性二次型最优控制LQR做了比较,实验表明ANFIS控制器具有调节时间短和改善了稳定性,为优化设计提供了依据.     

应用单层神经网络设计多变量自适应模糊控制器

提出一种应用单层神经网络设计多变量自适应模糊控制器的方法。应用单层神经网络可以学习多变量模糊控制规则中的未知参数，还可由它来实现多变量模糊推理过程。该方法能解决多变量模糊控制中普遍存在的规则获取困难和难于实现实时自适应等问题。仿真试验表明，所设计的多变量模糊控制器不仅实时性好，而且可得到满意的控制效果。     

控制增益未知的多变量极值搜索系统神经网络自适应协同控制

针对一类控制增益未知的多变量极值搜索系统,提出了一种神经网络自适应协同控制方法.该方法利用协同控制实现状态变量之间的协同收敛,并确保对系统内部参数扰动和外界干扰具有不变性;以极值搜索控制方法得到的搜寻变量作为输入量,设计多层神经网络逼近状态变量的极值变化率和未知的变量与函数;采用Nussbaum函数解决系统控制增益未知的问题;同时运用自适应参数抵消神经网络逼近误差的影响.稳定性分析证明了系统的状态跟踪误差、输出量与其极值之间的误差、极值搜索变量的跟踪误差以及神经网络各参数的估计误差均指数收敛至原点的一个有界邻域.理论分析与仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于遗传算法的机器人分层模糊控制

为解决模糊多变量控制中规则数随系统变量数呈指数增长的问题,针对机器人轨迹跟踪的特点,提出了一种分层模糊控制器的设计方法。该方法不仅减少了模糊规则数,而且使模糊控制逻辑变得清晰明了,其中控制参数采用遗传算法整定。实验结果证实:该方法控制效果好、系统跟踪速度快。     

污水处理过程中对泥龄的模糊神经网络控制

针对污水处理过程的高度非线性、进水流量及水质变化剧烈、各状态变量之间存在强耦合关系等特性，提出了一种自适应模糊神经网络控制方法，以泥龄作为运转控制参数，调节排出的污泥量．仿真结果表明该控制器能够在线调整输入变量的隶属函数、优化控制规则，将其应用于活性污泥法污水处理系统中，可以快速地去除污水中的污染物，使污泥具有良好的去污能力和沉淀性能，并且具有很强的鲁棒性．     

具有学习功能的多值模糊神经网络控制系统

对于具有非线性、大时滞、不确定性等特性的难以用精确数学模型描述的多变量复杂系统,靠传统控制理论难以获得理想的控制效果。基于模糊神经网络控制技术不依赖于被控对象精确的数学模型,且能根据被控对象参数的变化自适应调节控制规则和隶属函数参数的特性,进行了采用模糊神经网络控制器实现其控制的应用研究。采用典型的前向型模糊神经网络模型,给出了具有学习功能的多值模糊神经网络控制系统的一种设计方法。仿真实验证明,该系统能够获得较理想的控制效果。     

基于模糊神经网络的多变量解耦控制

针对焦炉集气管压力这类多变量非线性系统，提出了一种基于PID神经网络和RBF模糊神经网络的多变量解耦控制方案，RBF模糊神经网络对多变量对象解耦，PID神经网络控制器控制过程的动态特性。工程应用表明，提出的控制策略有效地解决了集气管压力这类复杂对象的过程控制问题。     

多变量非线性系统参数自调整的模糊加权控制

本文针对多变量非线性系统,提出了一种参数自调整的模糊加权信息融合方法．利用 模糊组合变量降低模糊控制系统的维数,根据不同的模糊组合变量对最后决策的作用大小, 赋予不同的权重来实现对多变量非线性系统的控制,在利用反向传播算法对量化系数和加权 系数进行自学习后,在线进行基于模糊规则的参数自调整,有效地解决了多变量模糊控制系 统中难于设计多维规则库和在线实现自适应模糊控制的问题．本文还对所提出的方法进行了 仿真实验和实际系统的实验,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性．     

一种基于人工免疫原理的最优模糊神经网络控制器

提出了一种基于人工免疫原理的最优RBF模糊神经网络控制器设计方案．首先给出了控制器结构，其次将免疫进化算法用于控制器参数的优化，设计了一种满足二次型性能指标的最优RBF模糊神经网络控制器．将该控制器用于控制实际倒立摆系统，并采用状态变量合成方法以大大减少模糊规则的数目，实验结果验证了该控制器的有效性．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.