纳米纤维素的表面修饰及对聚乳酸膜的力学性能和阻隔性能的影响

本实验通过化学水解法从农林废弃物油茶果壳中提取出油茶果壳纳米纤维素（cellulose nanocrystals, CNC）,经丁酸酐表面修饰获得丁酸酯化纳米纤维素（butyrated cellulose nanocrystals, BCNC）后,通过溶液浇铸法制备得到了BCNC/聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料,研究了CNC改性后的形貌及性能变化,以及BCNC对PLA力学性能、阻隔性能及透光率的影响。研究结果表明,经改性后,纳米纤维素的团聚现象得到改善并能稳定的分散在非极性有机溶剂中。在PLA复合材料中,BCNC对PLA有增强增韧的效果,添加5 wt%的BCNC时,PLA膜的拉伸强度提升了30.1%。添加5 wt%的BCNC,PLA复合膜的水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率分别下降了60.0%和35.0%,且仍具有较高的透光率。由于BCNC在基体中有更好的分散性和界面结合,对提升PLA力学性能和阻隔性能的效果均优于CNC。     

纳米纤维素的表面修饰及对聚乳酸膜的力学性能和阻隔性能的影响

本实验通过化学水解法从农林废弃物油茶果壳中提取出油茶果壳纳米纤维素（cellulose nanocrystals, CNC），经丁酸酐表面修饰获得丁酸酯化纳米纤维素（butyrated cellulose nanocrystals, BCNC）后，通过溶液浇铸法制备得到了BCNC/聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料，研究了CNC改性后的形貌及性能变化，以及BCNC对PLA力学性能、阻隔性能及透光率的影响。研究结果表明，经改性后，纳米纤维素的团聚现象得到改善并能稳定的分散在非极性有机溶剂中。在PLA复合材料中，BCNC对PLA有增强增韧的效果，添加5 wt%的BCNC时，PLA膜的拉伸强度提升了30.1%。添加5 wt%的BCNC，PLA复合膜的水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率分别下降了60.0%和35.0%，且仍具有较高的透光率。由于BCNC在基体中有更好的分散性和界面结合，对提升PLA力学性能和阻隔性能的效果均优于CNC。     

聚乳酸/纳米纤维素复合材料的制备及应用

介绍了纳米纤维素的性质,综述了制备纳米纤维素的方法,特别是化学法和机械法制备纳米纤维素,并对聚乳酸/纳米纤维素复合材料的制备和应用进行了综述,介绍了其在医药领域和食品领域,最后对聚乳酸/纳米纤维素复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

纳米纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料的制备与研究

利用纳米纤维素(CNFs)对聚乳酸(PLA)进行增强改性,通过浸渍法制备CNFs/PLA复合材料。测试了CNFs/PLA复合材料的红外谱图、力学性能、热膨胀系数和透光率,并用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了复合材料的拉伸断面。实验结果表明,CNFs的加入,使复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性得到显著提高,CNFs与PLA是通过物理作用结合在一起的,CNFs的加入使得PLA对紫外线的阻挡效果增强。从SEM图分析可知,CNFs与PLA结合得很好。比较木粉和棉花两种原料制备的CNFs对复合材料性能的影响可知,木粉制备的CNFs对提高PLA的性能更好。     

纳米纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料的性能研究

采用溶液浇铸法制备完全可降解的纳米纤维素/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料.测试了80℃下纳米纤维素/聚乳酸共混体系的运动黏度,复合材料对紫外可见光(200～600 nm)的透过性,复合材料在土壤中降解后,聚乳酸黏均相对分子质量随降解时间的变化.并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了降解后复合材料的表面形貌.结果表明,共混体系的黏度随着纳米纤维素质量分数的增加,呈非线性增长,为部分相容体系.在260 ～ 600 nm,透过率随着纳米纤维素质量分数的增加而降低;纳米纤维素的存在加速了聚乳酸分子质量的降低;从SEM的图片中可以看出,在土壤中降解后材料表面有明显被侵蚀的痕迹.     

纤维素纳米纤丝/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及力学性能表征

通过熔融挤出法制备了纤维素纳米纤丝(CNFs)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,考察了未改性、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)及表面活性剂(CTAB)改性CNFs对CNFs/PLA复合材料拉伸性能、流变行为及拉伸断面形貌的影响。结果表明:少量未改性CNFs与PLA有一定的相容性,但在CNFs含量较高时会导致力学性能下降;KH550改性CNFs可促进CNFs在PLA中的分散,当CNFs含量较高时具有增强效果;CTAB增容效果较差,使PLA的力学性能大幅下降。     

纤维素-聚乳酸共混改性膜材料的性能与制备

聚乳酸纤维是来自天然的可再生原料,具有可持续发展和环境保护的特点,与其他天然纤维相比,PLA纤维是唯一能够熔融加工的生物降解纤维。本文主要介绍了纤维素-聚乳酸混合制备改性膜材料。通过性能分析,认为该膜的断裂伸长率会增加,透光性变化不显著。     

聚乳酸基纤维素纳米晶体抗菌包装材料的制备及其性能研究

为改善聚乳酸(PLA)膜的力学性能、阻隔性能和抑菌性能,通过溶液浇铸法制备纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)和槐糖脂(SL)掺杂的PLA复合抗菌膜,探究SL含量(10%)不变时,CNC的含量对PLA/SL/CNC的力学性能、亲疏水性、水蒸气阻隔性和抑菌性能的影响。结果表明:PLA复合膜具有较好的透光性。CNC含量为8%时,CNC与PLA相容性较差。相比纯PLA,PLA/SL/CNC(6%)的拉伸强度高达68.6 MPa,提高93.8%;PLA/SL/CNC(6%)的韧性为36.5×10⁸J/m³,增加46%。PLA/SL/CNC(6%)水接触角为86°,具有疏水性。PLA/SL/CNC(6%)的水蒸气透过系数为2.4(g·cm)/(Pa·s·cm²),与纯PLA相比降低36.8%。PLA/SL/CNC(6%)与利斯特氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌共培养24h,菌落数分别为0.8 lgCFU/mL和0.4 lgCFU/mL,具有较好的抑菌效果。     

聚乳酸/细菌纤维素复合材料制备研究

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了聚乳酸／细菌纤维素（PLA／BC）复合膜,研究了不同用量的BC对PLA力学性能的影响。将制备的薄膜置于模拟体液与磷酸盐缓冲稀释液中做降解实验,考察了BC对PLA降解性能的影响。结果表明：随着BC用量的增加,改性PLA的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度明显提高,降解速率加快。     

Preparation of poly(lactic acid) and modified starch composites

In this article, the pretreatment before extrusion between the PLA and the modified starch was researched. The research on the composites of PLA and the modified starch focused on improving its compatibility and mechanical properties. The pretreatment samples were characterized by solid ¹³C-NMR and the chemical titration of the carboxyl end (–COOH) groups in PLA. The results illuminated that the pretreatment reaction was successful and the –COOH in PLA had reacted with the –OH in modified starch. The compatibility of the composites was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that pretreatment could improve the compatibility of the composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were also enhanced. This approach is identified as a reasonable method to produce commercial PLA/modified starch composites with economical feasibility.     

Surface modification of cellulose nanofibrils for poly(lactic acid) composite application

3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) was used to modify the surface of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to improve the interfacial adhesion between the hydrophilic CNF and the hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA). MEMO modified CNF (M-CNF) were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Testing thin films with good transparency were obtained by casting the DMAC solutions of the composites onto glass plates and evaporating the solvent at 80°C. PLA/M-CNF composites were tested by tensile testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and AFM. The effect of MEMO and CNF on performance of PLA was investigated. The FTIR analysis successfully showed that coupling reaction has been successfully occurred and the hydroxyl groups of MEMO are strongly hydrogen bonded to that of CNF. The thermal stability of M-CNF was little decreased. The M-CNF kept their morphological integrity. The highest tensile strength of composites was obtained for PLA with 1.0% v/v MEMO and 1.0 wt % CNF. M-CNF disperse well and cross with each other in the PLA matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

PP/EPR/改性纤维素复合材料的制备及性能研究

以二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)为增韧材料、纤维素(α-C)为增强材料、EPR接枝乙烯醇共聚物(EPR-g-VA)为增容剂,采用熔融共混方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/EPR/改性纤维素(M-C)复合材料.通过红外光谱、X射线衍射分析验证了M-C的结构,通过扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、热重分析仪、塑料材料动态性能试验机、电子万能试验...     

Controlled release of nonionic compounds from poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers

Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers were prepared by electrospinning at elevated temperature. Columbia Blue, a nonionic hydrophobic dye with a molecular weight and partition coefficient that mimics a systemic agrichemical, was incorporated into the fibers as a model compound. The release of Columbia Blue into water displayed little burst release. Diffusion‐controlled release of Columbia Blue was significantly influenced by the hydrophobicity of the electrospun PLA nanocomposite fibers and followed Fickian diffusion kinetics. The release of Columbia Blue by degradation‐controlled mechanism followed zero‐order, time‐independent Case II kinetics (n = 1.0). Increasing cellulose nanocrystal content in the fibers increased the fiber degradation rate and the Columbia Blue release rate. The plasticizing effect of Columbia Blue on the thermal properties of the electrospun nanocomposite fibers showed the miscibility of Columbia Blue inside the electrospun nanocomposite fibers. A greenhouse trial confirmed the anticipated trends of higher pesticide dosage causing higher whitefly mortality percentage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

Preparation and thermomechanical properties of nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

A two‐step process was developed to prepare nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a compatibilizer. It was composed of solvent mixing and melt blending. The NCC was well dispersed in the PLA matrix. A network was formed at high NCC‐to‐PEG ratio at which the amount of the PEG was not enough to cover all the surfaces of the NCC. The formation of the network was confirmed by the occurrence of a plateau for the storage modulus at low frequency. The incorporation of the PEG and NCC could improve the crystallinity of the PLA. The elongation at break increased from 11.0% for the neat PLA to 106.0% for the composites including 6 wt % NCC, impact strength was improved from 0.864 to 2.64 kJ m^?2 and tensile strength did not change significantly for the same 6 wt % NCC composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44683.     

马来酸酐/二乙烯基苯接枝聚乳酸对微晶纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)/二乙烯基苯(DVB)接枝聚乳酸(PLA-g-DVB/MAH)对微晶纤维素(MCC)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料性能的影响。首先采用熔融接枝法,将DVB作为MAH的共聚单体接枝到PLA分子链上制备PLA-g-DVB/MAH接枝聚合物,然后以PLA-g-DVB/MAH为相容剂,采用注射成型法制备MCC/PLA复合材料。利用FTIR对PLA-g-DVB/MAH进行表征,探究了PLA-g-DVB/MAH对MCC/PLA复合材料流变及力学性能的影响。结果表明,MAH成功接枝到PLA上,并得到接枝聚合物PLA-g-DVB/MAH;添加PLA-g-DVB/MAH后,MCC/PLA复合材料的储能模量、复数黏度、平衡扭矩以及剪切热都有明显升高;PLA-g-DVB/MAH的添加有利于改善MCC和PLA的界面相容性,进而提高了MCC/PLA复合材料的力学性能。     

Preparation of single poly(lactic acid) composites

An approach for making poly(lactic acid) (PLA) single‐polymer composites (SPCs) on the basis of PLA's slowly crystallizing characteristics was investigated. As a slowly crystallizing polymer, PLA can be processed with standard polymer processing techniques into end‐use products with varied crystallinities, from amorphous films to highly crystalline fibers. In this study, amorphous PLA sheets and crystalline PLA fibers/fabrics were laminated and compression‐molded to form an SPC at a processing temperature substantially lower than PLA's melting temperature. The effects of the major process conditions on the performance of the SPC were studied. The processing temperature played a profound role in affecting the fiber–matrix bonding properties. As the processing temperature increased, a drastic improvement in the interfacial bonding occurred at a temperature of around 135°C, which indicated the lower boundary of the process window. The compression‐molded SPC exhibited enhanced mechanical properties; particularly, the tearing strength of the fabric‐reinforced SPC was almost an order higher than that of the nonreinforced PLA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly (lactic acid)/modified carbon black composite

A novel method was employed to modify the surface of carbon black (CB) by an organic small molecule in a Haake Rheomix mixer. Jeziorny equation, the Ozawa model and Mo equation were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), PLA/CB and PLA/modified carbon black (MCB) composites. It is found that the Ozawa model fail to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process for PLA and its composites, while Jeziorny equation and Mo’s theory provide a good fitting. The comparison of crystallization kinetics between PLA/MCB and PLA through Lauritzen–Hoffman model indicates that there appears a transition from regimes II to III in PLA and PLA/MCB. The fold surface free energy σ _e of PLA/MCB composite is higher than that of neat PLA, implying that the existence of nucleating agent is unfavorable for the regular folding of the molecule chain.     

Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and lactic acid oligomer-grafted bacterial cellulose: It's preparation and characterization

This work demonstrates the synthesis of lactic acid oligomer-grafted-untreated bacterial cellulose (OLLA-g-BC) by in situ condensation polymerization which increased compatibilization between hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and hydrophilic BC, thus enhancing various properties of PLA-based bionanocomposites, indispensable for stringent food-packaging applications. During the synthesis of OLLA-g-BC, hydrophilic BC is converted into hydrophobic due to structural grafting of OLLA chains with BC molecules. Subsequently, bionanocomposites films are fabricated using solution casting technique and characterized for structural, thermal, mechanical, optical, and gas-barrier properties. Morphological images showed uniform dispersion of BC nanospheres in the PLA matrix, which shows strong filler–matrix interaction. The degradation temperatures for bionanocomposites films were above PLA processing temperature indicating that bionanocomposite processing can be industrially viable. Bionanocomposites films displayed decrease in glass transition (T_g) and ~20% improvement in elongation with 10 wt % fillers indicating towards plasticization of PLA. PLA/OLLA-g-BC films showed a slight reduction in optical transparency but had excellent UV-blocking characteristics. Moreover, dispersed BC act as blocking agents within PLA matrix, reducing the diffusion through the bionanocomposite films which showed ~40% improvement in water-vapor barrier by 5 wt % filler addition, which is significant. The reduced T_g, improved elongation combined with improved hydrophobicity and water-vapor barrier make them suitable candidate for flexible food-packaging applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47903.     

聚乙烯亚胺改性蔗渣纤维素/蒙脱土复合球的制备及对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附

以甘蔗渣纤维素（SBC）和蒙脱土（Mt）为原料，碳酸钙为致孔剂，通过简单凝固浴法制备PEI-SBC/Mt复合小球。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD等对所制备的球形吸附剂结构进行了表征，并系统研究了该吸附剂对模拟废水中的镉离子Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附行为。结果表明，拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型能够准确描述吸附过程，在温度为25 ℃、pH=6、Cd(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为600 mg/L时PEI-SBC/Mt对Cd(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为234.3mg/L ，表明吸附过程是单分子化学吸附，PEI的加入为吸附剂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)提供了更多的活性位点。此外，吸附剂具有可重复使用性，经过5次循环吸脱附后，其吸附量只由原有的94%降至79.8%。