三元乙丙材料粘超弹本构模型研究

利用等速拉伸和拉伸-回复实验研究三元乙丙（EPDM）包覆层材料的力学特性,提出采用有限变形条件下的超弹本构模型及线粘弹性本构理论相结合的方法建立一种粘超弹本构模型,在此基础上进一步研究模型参数的获取方法。研究结果表明：该材料具有典型的超弹性力学行为特征,并呈现出明显的率相关效应;所建立的粘超弹本构模型能够较好地描述该材料的单轴力学行为,在一定程度上可对使用该包覆层材料的固体火箭发动机的结构完整性分析提供理论参考。     

NEPE固体推进剂粘-超弹性本构模型研究

为了准确描述NEPE固体推进剂在有限变形下的力学特性,本文针对NEPE推进剂在有限变形下的粘 超弹本构模型进行研究。模型由超弹部分与粘弹部分并联构成：超弹部分采用Yeoh模型,粘弹部分采用非线性粘弹性本构模型。进行NEPE推进剂单轴拉伸试验及拉伸松弛试验,并用试验结果拟合超弹及粘弹两部分的材料参数。所建本构模型与实验结果进行了对比,模型能较好的预测30%应变内的NEPE推进剂的力学性能。     

浇注PBX力学性能的研究进展

从材料特性、力学行为特征、本构模型和实验手段四个方面详细论述了浇注高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)力学性能的研究进展,指出动态力学测试及材料本构是目前研究浇注PBX的热点和难点。认为可以通过借鉴粘弹性模型、橡胶超弹性模型及推进剂模型建立浇注PBX的本构模型,并指出需要结合浇注PBX含能敏感、软材料和大变形特性来选择和改进现有的测试技术。对力学性能预测、动态实验技术及数值模拟等方面需要开展的工作提出了一些看法。     

Kooij方法预估固体火箭发动机中丁羟包覆层老化寿命

为了准确地预估固体火箭发动机中丁羟包覆层的贮存寿命,开展了50,60,70℃和80℃时的加速老化试验,用对数模型、幂函数模型和指数模型研究了丁羟包覆层的最大延伸率随贮存时间的变化。选取Kooij方程作为丁羟包覆层的老化模型,预估了试样的常温贮存寿命。结果表明,α=0.4时的幂函数模型能描述最大延伸率随时间的变化规律。所得老化反应的表观活化能约为29 kJ·mol~(-1),远小于60 kJ·mol~(-1),表示在50~80℃下进行的老化反应易于发生。以最大延伸率下降50%为失效准则,预估丁羟包覆层的常温贮存寿命为15.62年,能满足包覆层的老化性能要求。     

双基发射药黏弹特性与本构模型研究

为研究双基发射药的黏弹性和力学响应特点，对双基发射药开展了黏弹特性与本构方程研究。通过拉伸、压缩、断面观察和应力松弛实验研究，明确了双基发射药的黏弹性质；然后以Reduced Polynomial （N=5）模型和Prony级数建立了双基发射药的超弹-黏弹模型，利用实验数据获取了模型参数；最后对所建立的双基发射药超弹-黏弹模型进行了验证。结果表明，双基发射药超弹本构模型对单轴拉伸应力应变的仿真结果与实验结果之间的误差不高于5.01%，超弹-黏弹本构模型对应力松弛的仿真结果与实验结果之间的误差不超过6.49%，说明建立的双基发射药超弹-黏弹本构模型能够较好地描述双基发射药的力学特性，能够为发射药力学性能研究提供重要的研究方法和仿真手段。     

基于 EPDM 热解材料的力学性能研究

为研究固体火箭发动机包覆层材料在不同热解程度下的微观结构和力学行为,通过热重分析得到三元乙丙（ EPDM）包覆层的热解温度范围。分别对不同热解温度下的EPDM试件进行力学实验和电镜扫描,并从微观角度分析材料力学行为发生变化的原因。结果表明：在初始热解程度下,材料只是发生了少量的失水和气体的逃逸,其力学行为仍属于粘超弹材料范畴;随着材料热解程度的增加,部分材料基体发生裂解,其力学行为表现为脆性材料特性。     

双基推进剂用丁羟胶包覆层研制

以端羟基聚丁二烯(丁羟胶,HTPB)、癸二酸二异辛酯、1,4-丁二醇、绢云母、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)等为原材料,制备了双基药柱用包覆层。通过研究原材料的含量变化对包覆层力学和粘接性能的影响,优化出一种较为理想的包覆层配方(丁羟胶100g,癸二酸二异辛酯15g,绢云母15g,1,4-丁二醇与丁羟胶的羟基摩尔比值为3,异氰酸酯指数为1．20),用此配方包覆双基药柱,并进行了70℃老化试验及高低温试车。结果表明,该配方各项性能优良,包覆的药柱能够保证燃气发生器的正常工作。     

考虑初始缺陷的HTPB推进剂粘超弹本构模型

为研究端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂存在初始缺陷对其宏观力学性能的影响,对定制的不同界面缺陷含量的HTPB推进剂开展了多步松弛和单轴拉伸试验。获得了HTPB推进剂的平衡响应曲线和拉伸曲线。采用Ogden模型拟合了不含缺陷的HTPB推进剂的平衡响应曲线,引入应变率参数M来描述HTPB推进剂单轴拉伸曲线的率相关特性。通过该曲线拟合,得到了不含缺陷的HTPB推进剂的粘超弹本构模型参数。考虑了缺陷的影响,通过引入初始缺陷损伤因子f,构建了含初始界面缺陷的HTPB推进剂的粘超弹本构模型,分步拟合得到了所有模型参数。最后,用本研究所建模型预测了单轴拉伸载荷下的HTPB推进剂的宏观力学性能,结果表明,预测结果与试验结果一致,二者最大偏差仅为4.4%,验证了模型的可靠性。     

橡胶履带柔性复合材料的本构模型

橡胶履带性能是影响履带式行走装置使用寿命的关键因素之一。为准确表征橡胶履带在服役条件下产生的大变形、非线性和各向异性等力学行为,开展不同帘线偏角下橡胶-帘线复合材料单轴拉伸试验研究,分析帘线偏角对材料力学性能的影响,建立一种考虑橡胶与帘线相互作用的超弹性本构模型。基于粒子群优化算法和牛顿迭代法,提出一种模型参数寻优拟合方法。依次根据帘线偏角为90°、0°和15°的单轴拉伸数据拟合得到模型参数,并对帘线偏角为45°和60°的单轴拉伸数据进行预测,拟合曲线的决定系数R²分别为0.992 8和0.982 9,预测效果较为理想。对不同帘线偏角的单轴拉伸试验工况进行数值仿真,并与试验数据进行对比分析。结果表明,仿真结果与试验数据趋势基本一致,最大仿真误差约为10.86%,验证了所提模型的正确性以及与有限元分析的适应性。     

丁羟推进剂多功能助剂的合成及性能

在多羟基、多胺基聚丁二烯(AEHTPB)基础上,通过羟基的氰乙基化反应,制备了一种多氰基、多胺基聚丁二烯(AEHTPB-CN).通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行表征,并对产物的黏度、玻璃化温度、羟值、胺值等理化性质进行了分析.考察了AEHTPB-CN对黏合剂基体力学性能的影响,并通过装药实验探究了AEHTPB-CN对丁羟推进剂力学性能及燃烧性能的影响.结果表明,AEHTPB-CN的加入可有效提高HTPB弹性体的拉伸强度,其原因是AEHTPB-CN分子中的氰基与氨基甲酸酯基团形成氢键,提高了弹性体的内聚能密度.装药实验结果表明AEHTPB-CN在丁羟三组元、丁羟四组元推进剂中均表现出良好的键合、降速效果.添加AEHTPB-CN后可使丁羟三组元推进剂常温环境下拉伸强度提升43.3％,伸长率提升91.3％,推进剂燃烧速度降低11.4％;可使丁羟四组元推进剂拉伸强度提升35.4％,伸长率提升62.0％,推进剂燃烧速度降低10.5％.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.