金属陶瓷刀具切削淬火钢的磨损机理研究

利用真空烧结工艺制备了纳米复合TI(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片.进行淬火态45#钢的单因素切削试验,并利用SEM,EPMA对金属陶瓷刀具的磨损失效机理进行了研究.结果表明纳米复合TI(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片在切削淬火态45#钢时表现出较高的耐磨性和切削性能,其主要的磨损失效机理是压应力下的挤压变形和粘附磨损,同时伴随一定的氧化磨损和扩散磨损.     

Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的高速切削性能与磨损机理

使用不同C与N摩尔比的Ti（C, N）固溶体粉末作为基体材料,采用真空烧结工艺研制两种Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀片试样,并考察两种刀片试样和日本住友T1200A在不同的切削速度下干式车削20CrMn工件的切削性能。利用扫描电子显微镜分析刀具前、后刀面的磨损形态和显微结构,阐述Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具高速切削磨损机理。结果表明：高速切削时Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的主要磨损形式是粘结、氧化和扩散磨损;减小Ti（C, N）固溶体中C与N的比值可改善Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的耐磨性。     

纳米TiN改性金属陶瓷刀具的磨损性能

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷由于具有优良的综合性能因而被广泛用作刀具材料。本文探讨了纳米 Ti N对 Ti C基金属陶瓷刀具显微组织的影响 ;还研究了它与 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具 (cermetμm,下同 )及 YG8刀具在切削灰铸铁时的磨损曲线及磨损机理。结果表明 ,纳米 Ti N改性 Ti C基金属陶瓷刀具 (cerm etnm,下同 )的效果显著 ;与 cermetμm刀具及 YG8刀具相比 ,cermetnm刀具具有更高的寿命与耐磨性 ;崩刃是 cermetnm刀具主要的失效形式     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的切削性能

利用真空烧结工艺和表面氮化处理工艺制备纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷可转位刀片和功能梯度可转位刀片,并对刀片的切削性能进行分析。结果表明:切削正火态45#钢、淬火态45#钢和奥氏体不锈钢时,与YT15、YG8、TN20相比,制备的刀具皆表现出较优的切削性能和较高的耐磨性,表面经氮化处理后,刀具的表面硬度提高了HRA2.2,大幅度提高了刀具的抗热冲击性能。具有梯度结构的金属陶瓷刀片切削正火钢、铸铁和不锈钢时的切削性能比无梯度结构金属陶瓷刀片的切削性能优良,具有更高的耐磨性。     

WC的添加对涂层Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观结构及性能的影响

本文制备了不同WC含量的涂层Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,对金属陶瓷基体与涂层组织及性能进行了研究,并进行切削实验。结果表明,随着WC的增加,涂层的硬度、弹性模量、硬模比(H/E)以及结合力都是先增加后减少,当添加量为15%时涂层金属陶瓷的机械性能最优;随着WC的增加,涂层金属陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损量先增加后减少,且其中添加15%的WC的涂层金属陶瓷刀片耐磨性能最佳,这与涂层的硬模比和结合力有关;涂层金属陶瓷切削刀具的主要磨损机理是涂层剥落、磨粒磨损、粘着磨损以及氧化磨损。     

纳米Ti(C,N)增强Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究

采用纳米Ti(C，N)粉末制备Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷，研究了纳米粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明，粉末冶金过程中，纳米Ti(C，N)粉末易于在粘结相中扩散与溶解及沿晶界分布，降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度，抑制了晶粒长大，提高了材料的红硬性能。抗弯强度与晶粒尺寸满足于Hall-Perch公式，5wt％～l0wt％的纳米粉末加入量可使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和切削性能得到较大的提高，但硬度变化不大。切削磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损和轻微的粘着磨损，磨痕细小均匀。     

金属陶瓷刀具切削性能的研究

本文研究了纳米TiN改性的TiC基金属陶瓷刀具和超细晶Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具切削正火态45#钢的切削性能,尝试用SPSS11.5软件对正交试验的数据进行分析。结果表明,这两种刀具的最佳切削条件均为vc=200m/min,ap=0.3mm,f=0.1mm/r。最后分析了它们切削45#钢的磨损机理。     

后角对纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了用纳米TiN改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具。研究了后角对刀具使用寿命及前、后刀面磨损的影响。结果表明,后角为6°的刀具使用寿命最长,后角大于8°的刀具因崩刃而失效,这主要是由于切削刃强度降低和散热条件恶化所致。增大后角会使后刀面的边界磨损加剧,而过大的后角则使前刀面磨损加剧。纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损、扩散磨损和黏着磨损共同作用的结果。     

超细晶粒Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷刀具切削性能

利用真空烧结工艺制备了两组含有不同TiN成分的超细晶粒Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷可转位刀片,用不同的切削速度和进给量切削正火45钢,分析了刀具的耐用度、磨损和失效方式等切削性能.结果表明:高速切削时刀具的磨损形式以氧化磨损和扩散磨损为主;在高速进给量大的切削条件下,含TiN低的刀片切削性能好于TiN高的刀片;切削速度对刀具寿命的影响很大;进给量在切削速度较低时对刀具寿命的影响程度要大于切削速度较高时.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的摩擦磨损研究

本文对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损行为及其磨损机理进行了研究.试验结果表明:与具有相同硬度的WC-Co合金和钢结硬质合金相比,Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷具有优异的耐磨性和较低的摩擦系数,其耐磨性随粘结相含量的增加而降低.Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷磨损过程中,首先由表面微凸体间相互滑过,发生粘着,犁削,引起磨损,跑合一定时间后磨损由硬质相晶粒剥落控制.     

Wear behavior of Al2O3/Ti(C,N)/SiC new ceramic tool material when machining tool steel and cast iron

Design, fabrication and application of ceramic cutting tools are one of the important research topics in the field of metal cutting and advanced ceramic materials. In the present study, wear resistance of an advanced Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N)/SiC multiphase composite ceramic tool material have been studied when dry machining hardened tool steel and cast iron under different cutting conditions. Microstructures of the worn materials were observed with scanning electronic microscope to help analyze wear mechanisms. It is shown that when machining hardened tool steel at low speed wear mode of the kind of ceramic tool material is mainly flank wear with slight crater wear. The adhesion between tool and work piece is relatively weak. With the increase of cutting speed, cutting temperature increases consequently. As a result, the adhesion is intensified both in the crater area and flank face. The ceramic tool material has good wear resistance when machining grey cast iron with uniform flank wear. Wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear at low cutting speed, while adhesion is intensified in the wear area at high cutting speed. Wear modes are dominantly rake face wear and flank wear in this case.     

Machinability of hardened steel using alumina based ceramic cutting tools

Alumina based ceramic cutting tool is an attractive alternative for carbide tools in the machining of steel in its hardened condition. These ceramic cutting tools can machine with high cutting speed and produce good surface finish. The wear mechanism of these ceramic cutting tools should be properly understood for greater utilization. Two types of ceramic cutting tools namely Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool and zirconia toughened alumina ceramic cutting tool are used for our investigation. The machinability of hardened steel was evaluated by measurements of tool wear, cutting forces and surface finish of the work piece. These alumina based ceramic cutting tool materials produce good surface finish in the machining of hardened steel. In this paper an attempt is made to analyse the important wear mechanisms like abrasive wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear of these ceramic cutting tool materials and the performance of these ceramic cutting tools related to the surface finish is also discussed here.     

Tool flank wear prediction in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy SiC composite

Flank wear occurs on the relief face of the tool and the life of a tool used in a machining process depends upon the amount of flank wear; so predicting of flank wear is an important requirement for higher productivity and product quality. In the present work, the effects of feed, depth of cut and cutting speed on flank wear of tungsten carbide and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy with 10 wt% SiC composite are studied; also artificial neural network (ANN) and co-active neuro fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) are used to predict the flank wear of tungsten carbide and PCD inserts. The feed, depth of cut and cutting speed are selected as the input variables and artificial neural network and co-active neuro fuzzy inference system model are designed with two output variables. The comparison between the results of the presented models shows that the artificial neural network with the average relative prediction error of 1.03% for flank wear values of tungsten carbide inserts and 1.7% for flank wear values of PCD inserts is more accurate and can be utilized effectively for the prediction of flank wear in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy SiC composite. It is also found that the tungsten carbide insert flank wear can be predicted with less error than PCD flank wear insert using ANN. With Regard to the effect of the cutting parameters on the flank wear, it is found that the increase of the feed, depth of cut and cutting speed increases the flank wear. Also the feed and depth of cut are the most effective parameters on the flank wear and the cutting speed has lesser effect.     

原位合成(Ti,W)C增强高铬铸铁复合材料的形成过程及三体磨损性能

通过原位生成法与铸造法相结合制备(Ti, W)C颗粒增强高铬铸铁复合材料,采用XRD、EDS、SEM等检测方法研究复合材料的反应过程、组织结构及抗三体磨损性能。研究结果表明:增强相(Ti, W)C的反应过程存在反应-融化-析出机制以及反应-固溶机制。(Ti, W)C颗粒与基体的界面为冶金结合。复合材料的抗磨损性能是其基体高铬铸铁的1.4倍,磨损机制为磨粒磨损-粘着磨损。     

A comparison of dry and air-cooled turning of grey cast iron with mixed oxide ceramic tool

The present work compares the performance of a mixed oxide ceramic tool in dry and air-cooled turning of grey cast iron. First, the study was done in the range of process parameters where dry turning provided satisfactory performance. The contours of surface roughness and tool life were generated with the help of trained neural networks. A novel procedure of neural network training is used in this work. The study was extended to the range in which dry turning performed poorly in terms of tool life. Tool wear, surface roughness of the machined job and forces and vibration during the cutting were studied. It was observed that air-cooling significantly reduces the tool wear at high cutting speed. At higher cutting speeds, where the dry turning performs very poorly, the air-cooled turning provides an improved surface finish also apart from the reduction in tool wear. In all the cases, the cutting and feed forces get reduced in air-cooling. Thus, air-cooled turning of grey cast iron with mixed oxide ceramic tools offers a promising environment-friendly option.     

Statistical analysis of surface roughness and cutting forces using response surface methodology in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel with CBN tool

The present work concerns an experimental study of hard turning with CBN tool of AISI 52100 bearing steel, hardened at 64 HRC. The main objectives are firstly focused on delimiting the hard turning domain and investigating tool wear and forces behaviour evolution versus variations of workpiece hardness and cutting speed. Secondly, the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) and machining output variables (surface roughness, cutting forces) through the response surface methodology (RSM) are analysed and modeled. The combined effects of the cutting parameters on machining output variables are investigated while employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The quadratic model of RSM associated with response optimization technique and composite desirability was used to find optimum values of machining parameters with respect to objectives (surface roughness and cutting force values). Results show how much surface roughness is mainly influenced by feed rate and cutting speed. Also, it is underlined that the thrust force is the highest of cutting force components, and it is highly sensitive to workpiece hardness, negative rake angle and tool wear evolution. Finally, the depth of cut exhibits maximum influence on cutting forces as compared to the feed rate and cutting speed.     

Development of flank wear prediction model of Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) cutting tool using response surface methodology

Flank wear is an important criterion for machinability assessment of a material. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the influence of factors such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on flank wear during hard turning of EN 24 steel with newly developed transformed toughened nano-composite Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) ceramic inserts. ZTA provides a cost effective materials solution to the most demanding applications which require wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature stability and superior mechanical strength. Several machining experiments were performed and mathematical models for flank wear have been postulated by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The analysis was based on a first order model in which the flank wear (V_b) is expressed as a function of three independent variables i.e. cutting speed (V), feed rate (F) and depth of cut (T). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to check the adequacy of the mathematical model and their respective parameters. Key parameters and their interactive effect on flank wears have also been presented in graphical contours which may help for choosing the process parameters and predict the cutting condition for maximum tool life.     

新型陶瓷刀具的发展与应用

回顾了陶瓷刀具的发展简况及其意义,重点介绍了Si3N4基和TiCN基复合陶瓷刀具的研制、性能和应用.复合Si3N4陶瓷刀具有较高的耐磨性和抗冲击性,特别适合于各类铸铁件的粗精加工,也能进行铣削、刨削等冲击力很大的加工,其切削效率可提高3～10倍;复合TiCN金属陶瓷刀具具有很高的硬度和耐磨性,特别适合于各类高硬高强钢(如淬硬钢等)的加工,可对高硬材料实现"以车代磨"干切削,免除退火工艺和冷却液,大幅度提高生产效率.新型复合陶瓷刀具已经在我国冶金、水泵、矿山机械、轴承、滚珠丝杠、汽车、军工等十几个行业得到应用.