利用显微录像系统研究抗-RoplPs抗体对花粉管生长的影响

介绍一个简单的花粉萌发液循环装置，利用该循环装置可以在数小时内连续不间断地跟踪观察花粉管的生长状况。并介绍花粉粒显微注射的一些经验。利用该装置，在显微录像系统下研究抗RoplPs抗体对百合花粉管生长的影响。     

高真空光刻样品CCD显微观察装置

介绍了利用光场控制中性原子束制作微细图形的基本原理。针对具体的实验系统 ,设计并建立了一套用于高真空系统中原子光刻样品的 CCD显微观察装置 ,该装置以CCD相机实时采样通过计算机自动图像处理直接显示和输出样品的微结构信息。与传统装置相比 ,该装置在实验初期摸索实验工艺参数方面具有非常重要的作用。     

基于液滴透镜的手持式显微成像系统的研制

为了实现对昆虫显微成像,设计了一款可附着在手机镜头上的基于液滴透镜的手持式显微成像系统。利用Inventor机械设计软件设计一个小型装置,该装置主要由照明模块、成像模块、电源模块和升降对焦系统组成。分析了成像模块中不同面形液滴透镜的成像性能,并对该装置进行了全面的测试评估。研究表明,该系统能准确、快捷地对昆虫进行显微成...     

数字化进退针装置的设计与试验

针对细胞注射中微注射针刺膜速度慢和定位精度差等不足,研制一种基于惯性力与摩擦力交替作用的数字化进退针装置。阐述该装置工作机理,利用压电陶瓷低频振动产生的冲击式惯性力,克服摩擦力产生微进给。建立数字化进退针装置的动力学模型,利用数值方法求解其输入输出响应关系。该模型求解结果在性能试验得到了验证。在小鼠卵母细胞显微注射试验中,对数字化进退针装置进行了应用研究。研究结果表明：数字化进退针装置能够满足显微注射要求,其动力学模型是合理的。     

细胞注射中数字化进退针装置的实验研究

针对微注射针刺膜速度慢和定位精度差等问题,研制了显微注射用数字化进退针装置。在可控脉冲序列驱动下,利用压电陶瓷低频振动产生的冲击惯性力驱动该装置来进行数字化进退操作。测试了数字化进退针装置样机的运动性能,在小鼠卵母细胞显微注射实验中对其进行了验证。结果表明:数字化进退针装置具有纳米量级进给精度,过程参数可控,可自动完成包括快速穿刺细胞膜、精确刺入细胞内指定注射位置和退针的整套显微操作。     

TCIQ-UU型陶瓷浸取液回收装置自动控制系统研究

在建立了适用于实验室的稀醋酸废液回收工艺的基础上,研制型号为TCIQ-UU回收装置,阐述了该装置结构设计与程序设计的思路,并重点介绍了控制系统和冷却循环系统设计中的关键问题。运行结果表明,以PLC为控制系统的循环利用装置自动化程度高,运行稳定,操作简单,结构设计合理,极大地减轻了劳动强度,优化了醋酸回收工艺过程。实现了对陶瓷浸取液的智能化、自动化的无害化处理和循环利用。     

TM02D型串联式干气密封在重整循环氢气压缩机上的应用

介绍TM02D型串联式干气密封的结构和工作原理,探讨该密封装置在重整循环氢压缩机中的使用及维护。该套密封装置性能稳定可靠,可确保装置长周期平稳运行。     

超声滚压装置设计及试验研究

设计了一种新的超声滚压装置,并利用该装置研究了超声滚压加工对18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢表面性能的影响。首先对滚压装置进行了结构设计,应用ANSYS Workbench对装置进行了模态分析和谐响应分析,通过调整滚压装置结构,使该装置能够正常高效地工作;然后综合利用NPFLEX型三维表面形貌测量系统、Proto高速大功率X射线残余应力分析仪、HV-1000型显微硬度计及VHX-2000E型超景深三维显微系统观察分析了超声滚压加工前后试样的表面粗糙度、表面二维形貌、表层显微硬度及残余应力。经超声滚压加工后试样的表面粗糙度从3.003μm降低至0.419μm,最大残余压应力出现在距离表面80μm处,大小约为-672.04MPa,高硬度层达到了200μm。结果表明,利用该装置能够有效的改善材料的表面性能。     

数字化进退针装置在显微注射中的应用实验

针对显微注射中微注射针刺膜速度慢和定位精度差等问题,研制了一种基于惯性力与摩擦力交替作用的细胞工程用数字化选退针装置。利用该装置搭建了数字化显微注射实验系统。以昆明系小鼠为实验动物,对其卵母细胞进行了数字化显微注射实验研究。以细胞变形率和刺膜效率为评价指标,分析了数字化进退针装置驱动电压和频率等参数对实验效率的影响,通过实验优化了其控制参数。结果表明,小鼠卵母细胞数字化显微注射具有高的实验效率,达149枚／h。实验证实,数字化进退针装置满足细胞显微注射的要求。     

用在显微光度计上的荧光装置

本文介绍在显微光度计上组装荧光装置,该装置由荧光灯室、滤色系统、放大和测定系统等部分组成。它与光度计的反射器、转换棱镜和测量控制系统进行组合,可以进行多种不同用途的分析测定,既可测定试样的荧光反射率,又可定性地观察其荧光性,同时又可定量地进行荧光强度和光谱测量;既可利用反射荧光又可利用透射荧光,对同一试样可以进行对比测定,该装置光源强度大,视野清晰,操作简便,有效地解决了微小荧光颗粒发光强度小的观察和测定问题。     

Olive pollen profilin (Ole e 2 allergen) co-localizes with highly active areas of the actin cytoskeleton and is released to the culture medium during in vitro pollen germination

Pollen allergens offer a dual perspective of study: some of them are considered key proteins for pollen physiology, but they are also able to trigger allergy symptoms in susceptible humans after coming in contact with their tissues. Profilin (Ole e 2 allergen) has been characterized, to some extent, as one of the major allergens from Olea europaea L. pollen, a highly allergenic species in the Mediterranean countries. In order to obtain clues regarding the biological role of this protein, we have analyzed both its cellular localization and the organization of actin throughout pollen hydration and early pollen tube germination. The localization of the cited proteins was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy immunofluorescence using different antibodies. Upon pollen hydration and pollen germination, a massive presence of profilin was detected close to the site of pollen tube emergence, forming a ring-like structure around the 'effective' apertural region. Profilin was also detected in the pollen exine of the germinating pollen grains and in the germination medium. After using a permeabilization-enhanced protocol for immunolocalization, profilin was also localized in the cytoplasm of the pollen tube, particularly at both the proximal and apical ends. Noticeable accumulations of actin were observed in the cytoplasm of the pollen tube; particularly, in both the apical region and the area immediately close to the aperture. Actin filaments were not observed, probably due to the need of further enhanced fixation procedures. The ultrastructural localization of profilin showed the presence of the protein in the cytoplasm of both the mature pollen grain and the pollen tube. The results shown here could be interpreted as signs of a massive dissociation of the actin-profilin complexes, mobilization of actin monomers, and therefore, an intense activity of the actin cytoskeleton. The extensive release of allergenic proteins from the pollen grain into the surrounding aqueous media, as described here for profilin, may help us to understand the mechanisms by which these allergens might come in contact with the human mucosa, therefore triggering the symptoms of allergy.     

油管与扶正机械手的接触碰撞仿真研究

油管摆动系统是修井作业机械化系统中的一部分,油管摆动系统中油管与扶正机械手间的接触碰撞将影响整个修井作业机械化系统的快速、安全及准确地运行。为研究扶正机械手承接件材料及节流阀开口大小对油管与扶正机械手接触碰撞特性的影响,根据油管摆动系统的工作原理和结构特点,利用三维软件SolidWorks和ADAMS软件建立了油管摆动系统的机液一体化虚拟样机。仿真分析了在扶正机械手承接件的两种材料和液压回路中节流阀3种开口大小下油管与扶正机械手接触碰撞特性,得到当承接件材料为橡胶及节流阀开口较小时油管与扶正机械手间具有接触碰撞力小、接触碰撞次数少的结论。     

The relationship between eccentric structure and super-lift device of all-terrain crane based on the overall stability

When the large all-terrain crane operated under ultra-high hoisting height, the stability of boom system became the key factor of the lifting capacity. The installation of eccentric structure and super-lift device could help to improve the stability of boom system. In order to achieve the best effect of growth, it was important to study the relationship between eccentric structure and super-lift device. The eigenvalue buckling analysis and geometric nonlinear buckling analysis were carried out by ANSYS for the combined boom system of 500 t all-terrain crane with tower jib when lifting load, dead weight, offset load, wind load and lifting rope force were considered. And then the influence rule of the combined relationship between the strut length, opening angle, amplitude variation angle of the eccentric structure and the strut length, opening angle, amplitude variation angle of the super-lift device on the overall stability of combined boom system was analyzed to obtain the optimum parameter combination of eccentric structure and super-lift device, which provides reference for engineering practice.

     

Rates of exocytosis and endocytosis in Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen tubes

Exocytosis and endocytosis are pivotal in many biological processes, but remain difficult to quantify. Here we combine a new algorithm for estimating vesicle size with a detailed morphological analysis of tip-growing cells, in which exocytosis is highly localized and therefore more readily quantified. Cell preservation was rendered as life-like as possible by rapid freezing. This allowed us to produce the first estimates of exocytosis rates in the root hairs and pollen tubes of the model plant Arabidopsis. To quantify exocytosis and endocytosis rates during cell growth, we measured the diameter of vesicles located in the tips of Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen tubes and the widths of cell walls and the cell lumen in longitudinal thin transmission electron microscopic sections. In addition, we measured growth velocities of Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen tubes, using video microscopy. The number of exocytotic vesicles required for cell wall expansion, and the amount of excess membrane inserted into the plasma membrane to be internalized, were estimated from the values that were obtained. The amount of excess membrane that is inserted into the plasma membrane during cell growth was estimated as 86.7% in root hairs and 79% in pollen tubes. This membrane has to be recycled by endocytosis. From counting of the total number of vesicles that is present in thin EM sections through the pollen tube tip, we estimated the average number of vesicles that is present in the tip of pollen tubes. By calculating the total amount of membrane and cell wall material that is required for continued cell growth, assuming that all vesicles are exocytotic, we estimated that pollen tubes continue to grow for 33 s when delivery of vesicles to the tip is inhibited. We arrested vesicle delivery to the tip by application of cytochalasin D. After cytochalasin D application, pollen tubes continued to grow for 30-40 s, which is in the same range as the estimated value of 33 s and shows that in this time frame, the availability of exocytotic vesicles is not a limiting factor.     

基于ATmega8单片机的仪表指针驱动控制研究

仪表指针的驱动控制在仿真培训装置的开发设计中有重要应用。以弹簧管压力表的指针驱动为例,研究了基于ATmega8单片机控制VID29步进电机的驱动控制实现方案,设计制作了硬件电路,采用模块化方法编写了系统软件,在锅炉仿真培训模拟机上的使用效果表明该方案响应快、定位准、稳定可靠,对于同类传统仪表的电气化改装及数字式仪表的设计具有一定参考价值。     

高速矫直机防甩装置的开发与研制

高速无缝钢管矫直机在生产实际中一般用来矫直较大尺寸范围的管材,但当遇到管径较小的管材时,管材甩动非常严重.为使该设备能在矫直要求的尺寸范围内正常工作,开发并研制了矫直机防甩装置.经过商用软件Marc对不同规格的管材进行模拟分析,确定了防甩装置的工艺参数,如辊形、防甩辊安装位置等,分析了在管材甩动过程中不同状态的管端位移情况,确定了高速矫直机的防甩装置结构.经过实际应用可以看出,其遏止甩动效果明显,可以应用于矫直范围宽的生产工艺中.     

工程机械余热驱动冷管型吸附空调的运行特性

设计建造一种利用工程车余热驱动的冷管型组合式吸附空调系统,建立相应的理论模型和性能分析指标,在此基础上进行空调系统的运行性能试验与分析。在一定的外部环境工况和循环半周期为30 min条件下,当 吸附床采用风冷时,空调器最大制冷降温幅度为13.0 ℃,最大制冷功率为1.10 kW,平均制冷功率842 W, 性能系数e c=0.168,单位质量吸附剂制冷功率Ps=88.2 W·kg–1。当吸附床改进冷却方式后,空调器最大制冷 降温幅度为14.0 ℃,比风冷状态下提高1.0 ℃,最大制冷功率达1.21 kW,平均制冷功率926 W,e c=0.177,Ps= 97.0 W·kg–1。可得出以下结论,吸附床冷却方式改进后系统e c提高约5.4%,最大制冷功率、平均制冷功率和Ps各提高将近10%。     

超低速运动装置设计分析

单晶炉提拉装置是提拉法生长晶体的关键设备,由于激光晶体生长机理决定了其生长速度非常缓慢。提拉装置要求长期运行在超低速的状态下,针对运动系统的震动、晃动、摩擦、爬行等都会影响速度的稳定性,采用交流伺服技术对激光单晶炉的提拉装置进行了全新改造设计,并对其精度进行了综合分析。通过采用变增益的PID控制方法长期运行的实验数据表明,该装置运行精度高,稳定性好,适合生长大尺寸激光晶体,同时设计采用通用零件,满足大规模工业化生产的需求。