基于6RA70的风洞稳风速控制系统的设计与实现

XX风洞稳风速控制系统采用西门子6RA70直流调速装置完成电机转速的控制,软调节器采用参数智能决策和PID相结合的控制结构,确保了试验段风速的精确控制。     

轴向运动功能梯度梁横向振动问题的保结构分析

轴向运动速度和材料的非均匀性对轴向运动功能梯度梁振动问题分析提出了严峻挑战.本文在简要回顾轴向运动功能梯度梁横向振动动力学模型基础上,基于无限维动力学系统的对称破缺理论和广义多辛分析方法,构造了横向振动模型的保结构数值格式,并在给定材料参数时给出了数值格式具有良好保结构性能的条件.分别采用微分求积法、复模态法和保结构方法分析横向振动模型的前六阶频率,发现保结构方法得到的频率结果与复模态法得到的结果吻合较好,在此基础上分析了微分求积法的主要误差来源,以指导微分求积法的改进,并为复杂动力学系统的数值求解提供了新途径.     

大型砂尘风洞中砂尘浓度测量与控制方法的研究

砂尘浓度指标严重影响砂尘风洞试验效果;在大型砂尘风洞中准确的测量及有效的控制砂尘浓度是砂尘风洞设备研制中的两个关键问题;针对动态试验工况环境中浓度传感器标定的问题,分析了浓度测量时标定参数与风速和浓度的关系,使用模型树算法建立了三者之间的关系模型,以此模型来预测各种动态情况下的标定参数;针对复杂环境下浓度动态控制问题,采用专家PID算法,提出了多回路控制系统结构和专家规则;工程实践表明该测量和控制方法满足了动态试验环境的需求,取得了良好效果;模型树算法和专家PID系统能有效的解决动态工况下砂尘浓度的测量与控制问题.     

基于GPS、磁罗盘与大气数据计算机的无人机风估计

针对无人机实时航路规划及适应环境变化的自主能力发展需求,提出了一种新的风估计与空速校准的方法;该方法基于GPS接收机、大气计算机和磁罗盘等传感器实现;针对定常风模型,风速、风向能够利用地速、风速和空速之间的速度矢量三角形关系计算得到;采用无导扩展卡尔曼滤波(DEKF),估计风场信息以及真空速的比例校准系数;利用某型无人机数字仿真平台,在2D定常风条件下进行了全过程自主飞行仿真;仿真结果表明:该方法在航路跟随的直线段、转弯段均能准确估计。     

基于原位探测的高空气球风场数据修正方法

对目前高空气球领域所出现的风场数据使用情况进行了研究，针对其存在时效性与针对性不强以及对针对特定区域精度不足、数据密度稀疏等问题，通过对原位探测技术（ISD，In situ detection）的研究，构建了高空气球飞行试验领域的风场误差数据修正模型，最终提出了一种基于原位探测的高空球风场数据修正方法；该方法通过原位探测手段获取高空气球执行飞行试验任务时所需特定区域的风场数据，从而对模式风预报产品进行修正，在高空气球飞行实验区域内提高了风场数据的准确度；使修正后的风场数据在的应用中准确度得到了提高；并最终使用中国某地区的风场数据先后进行仿真试验及实际飞行试验，仿真结果表明，ISD可有效降低模式风预测风速的平均相对误差；在实际飞行实验中，u风误差由模式风预报的2.418 m/s变为ISD模型的1.403 m/s，降低了41.98%；v风误差由模式风预报的0.801 m/s变为ISD模型的0.519 m/s，降低了35.21%。     

结冰风洞内气象参数标定方法研究

通过研究结冰风洞内常用的结冰气象参数标定方法,提出了适用于小型结冰风洞的简单标定方法。利用该方法对引射式结冰风洞内的液态水含量、水滴平均有效直径、云雾均匀性进行了标定,并在霜状冰条件下获得了试验冰形。对比试验冰形与数值计算结果可知,所采用的参数标定方法准确、有效,可满足工程实际要求。     

基于数值计算的高速列车气动阻力风洞试验缩比模型选取方法

为给高速列车气动阻力风洞试验模型选取提供更多的参考依据,通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法,研究不同比例的高速列车缩比模型对气动阻力风洞试验结果的影响.首先,计算得到开口式风洞测试段的静压系数分布曲线,为高速列车气动阻力测量试验模型的长度选择以及摆放位置提供依据;其次,通过数值计算得到全尺寸模型列车在明线运行时,以及不同比例的模型列车在风洞中运行工况下的气动阻力信息,并从阻塞效应和雷诺数的变化,以及风洞试验段内静压分布的影响这3个方面对列车模型的气动阻力结果进行分析,得到在所研究风洞中较合理的列车缩比模型比例选取范围.这种以CFD为基础进行数值仿真,选取风洞试验中列车模型比例及试验测试位置的方法,为在地面交通工具风洞中进行高速列车模型气动阻力试验的缩比模型选取提供一定依据.     

流道引流对风洞试验段轴向静压因数的影响

为改善开口式汽车风洞试验段轴向静压因数分布,应用数值仿真方法研究不同扩散角、收集口角度和流道引流方式对风洞试验段轴向静压因数以及静压梯度的影响.数值仿真得到的轴向静压因数与风洞试验结果一致,验证该计算方法的正确性.研究结果表明：流道引流方法可提高收集口附近的速度,降低当地的静压因数,导致试验段轴向静压因数的降低,从而改善流场品质.从收集口顶部或其两侧引入流道回流的方式都能降低试验段轴向静压因数,且两种方式降低效果相同.对于较大的扩散角,与15°收集口的引流相比,0°收集口的引流改善试验段轴向静压因数的效果更好;对于较小的扩散角,结果相反.     

管道燃气快烤装置燃烧过程数值仿真及结构参数影响分析

快烤试验装置作为快烤试验的重要组成部分,其产生的火焰温度对试验结果有很大的影响。为设计管道燃气快烤装置,利用Fluent软件、采用SST k-ω湍流模型和非预混燃烧模型,开展管道燃气装置燃烧过程仿真和关键结构参数对火焰温度及其均匀性的影响规律研究。选择三个关键参数即管道间距h1、火孔孔径Φ、火孔孔距h2,设计了三因素三水平正交试验进行仿真。研究结果表明:在管道直径确定的条件下,管道间距是影响管道燃烧器火焰温度均匀性的最主要因素,其次是火孔间距,火孔孔径是影响火焰温度均匀性的最次要因素;管道燃烧器上方不同高度处火焰温度均匀性对应的最佳结构参数并不相同。     

收集口形状和角度对汽车风洞试验段轴向静压因数的影响

为研究风洞收集口形状和角度对试验段轴向静压因数的影响,通过数值仿真和试验验证研究翼型收集口在多种角度下轴向静压因数的变化,并与平板型收集口对比.结果表明:收集口形状对轴向静压因数变化规律没有影响,轴向静压因数总是随开口角度的增大而减小;对于同一形状收集口,只在上方张开某一角度比在两侧张开相同角度的轴向静压因数略低.收集口角度变化对轴向静压因数会产生规律性影响:随收集口角度增大,从剪切层外部特别是上方进入到射流核心区的流量增加,导致核心区流速增加,从而导致轴向静压因数降低.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。