一种槽式太阳能空气集热器热性能的试验研究

为了研究日光温室用槽式太阳能空气集热器的热性能,基于TracePro光学模拟软件设计了一种槽式太阳能空气集热器,对其进行试验研究,分析了不同因素对集热性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,管中空气流速的变化对集热器集热效率和集热量的影响规律是相同的,在不同的流速下,存在最佳空气流速约为4.4 m/s,使得集热器的集热量和集热效率最大,集热量达到373.2 W,集热效率约为25%,此时集热性能最好。对于不同太阳辐照度,正午时刻之前,太阳辐照度越大,集热器的集热效率越大,正午时刻之后,集热器的集热效率基本保持不变,15:40之后集热器集热效率逐渐减小。当太阳辐照度和管中流速相同时,室外温度越高,集热器集热效率越大,集热性能越好。集热管中空气温度沿着集热管出口方向不断增大,太阳辐照度越大,集热管相同位置空气温度越高。该研究结果可为此种槽式太阳能空气集热器在日光温室的应用中提供参考。     

一种开孔被动式太阳能集热器热效率的研究

对一种具有多孔折线型的被动式太阳能集热器的热性能进行实验研究,探讨在受迫奈件下集热器热效率的计算公式。实测过渡季集热器出口温度、进口风速和太阳辐射强度3个参数。通过实验分析,这种折线型太阳能集热器的热效率可达59．4％,并且热效率随进口风速和太阳辐射强度的增加而提高。此外,集热器效率要先于太阳辐射强度达到当天最大值。     

太阳能集热器性能的模拟

以太阳能直接蒸汽直接发电系统的槽式太阳能集热器为研究对象,在建立其热力学模型的基础上,对集热器的传热与流动性能进行了系统的模拟研究。模拟结果表明:提高工作流体的初始温度,集热器效率反而降低;增加流量可以提高集热器效率;太阳辐射强度越大集热器的效率越大,并且影响较大。     

抛物面槽式太阳集热器的性能研究

建立槽式太阳集热器对太阳辐射的吸收模型和换热模型,应用Matlab编制模拟计算程序,并通过现场测试验证所建模型的准确性。在此基础上模拟研究太阳辐射强度、室外气温及风速、导热油流速、导热油进口温度等参数对集热器性能的影响。结果表明:槽式太阳集热器集热效率随导热油流速和太阳辐射强度的增大而增加;随导热油进口温度的升高而降低;受室外气温及室外风速的影响较小。研究结果可为该集热器的优化设计提供参考依据。     

新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器的研究与试验

设计了一种新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器,分析了工作原理和设计参数,建立了由该集热器组成的太阳能集热系统,并进行了试验测试。文章给出了采用不同接收器的升温曲线和效率计算值,对不同布置方式的集热性能进行了比较。试验结果表明,该装置具有较高的集热效率,运行温度在80℃时,效率达到35%以上。     

槽式集热系统热膨胀分析及补偿措施

在槽式太阳能光热电站中,集热系统负责收集太阳辐射热量,通过反射镜聚焦,加热集热管内导热介质,使加热后的导热介质进入到蒸汽发生系统、储热系统工作。集热系统是整个槽式太阳能光热电站的重要系统之一,集热效率对发电效率有着至关重要的影响。文中通过对影响槽式集热系统的热膨胀进行分析计算,并提出补偿措施,提高集热器的集热效率。     

整体式太阳能空气集热器传热性能分析

研究了整体式太阳能空气集热器的传热性能,建立了稳态假设下的热量传递物理数学模型;通过CFD软件计算,分析了进口空气流速、空气温度、太阳辐照强度对集热器传热性能的影响;计算结果表明:集热器的集热效率随工质流速的增大而增大、随进口温度的升高而下降、随太阳辐照度的波动很小,受太阳辐射强度的影响不大。     

基于量纲分析的双轴槽式太阳能系统集热性能研究

针对影响双轴跟踪槽式太阳能系统集热效率的多种因素,文章采用量纲分析法建立了集热效率预测模型,构建了包括Re数在内的5个无量纲量。实验测试了不同工况下系统的集热性能,通过多元线性回归对集热效率预测模型进行了求解。研究结果表明:在文章研究范围内,Re对集热效率的影响较大,太阳辐照量、集热管几何参数以及传热工质物性等对集热效率影响相对较小;在集热效率预测模型复测样本范围内,集热效率计算值和实测值之间的最大相对误差不超过15%。文章建立的双轴跟踪槽式太阳能系统集热效率预测模型精度较高,可为槽式太阳能系统的工程设计和优化运行提供理论依据。     

无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器热性能的实验研究

无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器是一种易于实现建筑一体化的高效新风预热及干燥装置。为了掌握无盖板渗透型集热器在实际工况下的热性能,建造了集热面积为2.2 m2的太阳能空气加热系统实验台,并在2009年2月至2009年4月对其热性能进行了户外瞬态实验研究。实验结果表明出口空气温度随辐射强度的增加而升高,太阳辐射强度是影响集热器出口空气温度的最重要因素,而室外空气温度的影响极小。空气温升随风量的增加而减小,集热器热效率随风量的增加而增大。在三个测试日中集热器的平均热效率分别为58%、63%和72%,高于普通平板太阳能空气集热器。     

铝幕墙板太阳能集热器的性能研究

研制了一种铝幕墙板与集热元件一体化的新型太阳能集热器,并通过所搭建的测试平台对其集热性能及隔热特性进行了测试研究。通过实验测试,对该集热器在不同工况下的集热性能、隔热特性及其影响因素进行了系统分析,得出了集热器的累积集热量、集热效率、隔热特性等性能评价参数。测试结果表明,铝幕墙板太阳能集热器的平均集热效率为23%,隔热性能优于普通铝幕墙板。该装置具有太阳能集热及隔热功能,为建筑高效利用太阳能,实现太阳能与建筑一体化提供了一种新的工程应用模式。     

DSG太阳能槽式集热器动态特性

采用数值模拟方法,分析了以水,水蒸气为工质的DSG槽式集热器的动态流动与传热特性.首先建立了管内流体的一维多相流动与传热模型,并利用差分法对该模型进行求解,计算结果与现有文献数据吻合较好.分析了稳态条件下,集热器出口流体工质参数受太阳辐射强度、流体质量流量、人口温度和入口压力的影响规律.在动态分析中,研究了辐射强度变化所导致的出口参数变化特性.从阶跃响应和脉冲响应的分析中得出,虽然热惯性存在,但短期的辐射强度波动对出口温度仍有较大影响,但对出口压力的影响较小.辐射波动将对一次直通DSG系统出口温度产生很大波动.     

Exergy analysis and parametric study of concentrating type solar collectors

The exergetic performance of concentrating type solar collector is evaluated and the parametric study is made using hourly solar radiation. The exergy output is optimized with respect to the inlet fluid temperature and the corresponding efficiencies are computed. Although most of the performance parameters, such as, the exergy output, exergetic and thermal efficiencies, stagnations temperature, inlet temperature, ambient temperature etc. increase as the solar intensity increases but the exergy output, exergetic and thermal efficiencies are found to be the increasing function of the mass flow rate for a given value of the solar intensity. The performance parameters, mentioned above, are found to be the increasing functions of the concentration ratio but the optimal inlet temperature and exergetic efficiency at high solar intensity are found to be the decreasing functions of the concentration ration. On the other hand, for low value of the solar intensity, the exergetic efficiency first increases and then decreases as the concentration ratio is increased. This is because of the reason that the radiation losses increase as the collection temperature and hence, the concentration ratio increases. Hence, for lower value of solar intensity, there is an optimal value of concentration ratio for a given mass flow rate at which the exergetic efficiency is optimal. Again it is also observed that the mass flow rate is a critical parameter for a concentrating type solar collector and should be chosen carefully.     

改进型微热管平板太阳能空气集热器性能分析

近年来,以空气作为换热介质的太阳能集热器越来越受到重视。本文以微热管阵列为核心传热元件,设计并搭建了改进型微热管平板太阳能空气集热器性能测试系统。通过实验研究了不同空气流量和不同进口温度对集热器集热性能的影响,获得相应参量对集热器的出口空气温度、集热效率和微热管阵列蒸发段温度的影响特性,分析对比了改进前后集热器的集热性能,得到了集热器效率的归一化曲线。实验结果表明,改进型微热管平板太阳能空气集热器在夏季240 m³/h空气流量时集热性能最佳,改进后的集热器相比原集热器在夏季的平均集热效率最高同比提升13.8%;在240 m³/h风量下的平均集热效率最高达到了74%,对应集热器的压降为9.2 Pa。     

蓄热介质对太阳能热风发电集热器性能的影响

分别以沙子、石子以及石子与充水黑色密封管的组合作为蓄热介质,搭建了太阳能集热器试验装置并进行了相应的试验研究,得出了不同蓄热介质的吸放热特性及其对集热器内空气进出口温差、集热器效率的影响规律.结果表明:在相同的平均辐射强度下,石子与充水黑色密封管组合集热器的蓄热性能好,且集热器空气进出口温差及集热器效率最大,为太阳能热风发电系统集热器地面蓄热材料的选用提供了依据.     

太阳能空气集热器(Ⅰ型)的数学模型研究

用数学模型化方法研究了太阳能空气集热器的集热传热性能,建立了基于二维假设下的流体流动和热量传递的稳定态数学模型,并用有限差分法进行数值求解,计算得到稳态下太阳能空气集热器的速度、温度分布图以及集热效率与空气流量、入口空气温度、入身太阳辐照度和表面盖板透过率的关系。结果表明,对Ｉ型太阳能空气集热器,集热效率随空气流量和表面盖板透过率的增加而增大,随入口空气温度和入射太阳辐照度的增大而减小。计算结果与     

Modeling and optimizing parabolic trough solar collector systems using the least squares support vector machine method

Investigating the complicated thermal physics mechanisms of the parabolic trough solar collector systems plays a vital role in efficiently utilizing the solar energy. In this paper, the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) method is developed to model and optimize the parabolic trough solar collector system. Numerical simulations are implemented to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the LSSVM method, where the sample data derived from the experiment and the simulation results of two solar collector systems with 30 m² and 600 m² solar fields, and the complicated relationship between the solar collector efficiency and the solar flux, the flow rate and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is extracted. Some basic rules, such as the solar collector efficiency increases with the increase of the solar flux and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, and decreases with the increase of the inlet temperature of the HTF, are obtained, which indicates the LSSVM method is competent to optimize the solar collector systems. As a result, the new approach will provide meaningful data for developing the parabolic trough solar thermal power plant in China.     

Evaluation of thermal efficiency of double-pass solar collector with porous–nonporous media

The double-pass solar collector with porous media in the lower channel provides a higher outlet temperature compared to the conventional single-pass collector. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the solar collector is higher. A theoretical model has been developed for the double-pass solar collector. An experimental setup has been designed and constructed. The porous media has been arranged in different porosities to increase heat transfer, area density and the total heat transfer rate. Comparisons of the theoretical and the experimental results have been conducted. Such comparisons include the outlet temperatures and thermal efficiencies of the solar collector for various design and operating conditions. The relationships include the effect of changes in upper and lower channel depth on the thermal efficiency with and without porous media. Moreover, the effects of mass flow rate, solar radiation, and temperature rises on the thermal efficiency of the double-pass solar collector have been studied. In addition, heat transfer and pressure drop relationships have been developed for airflow through the porous media. Close agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental results. The study concluded that the presence of porous media in the second channel increases the outlet temperature, therefore increases the thermal efficiency of the systems.     

Numerical study of the inlet/outlet arrangement effect on microchannel heat sink performance

In this study, fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks are numerically investigated. The three-dimensional governing equations for both fluid flow and heat transfer are solved using the finite-volume scheme. The computational domain is taken as the entire heat sink including the inlet/outlet ports, inlet/outlet plenums, and microchannels. The particular focus of this study is the inlet/outlet arrangement effects on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the heat sinks.The microchannel heat sinks with various inlet/outlet arrangements are investigated in this study. All of the geometric dimensions of these heat sinks are the same except the inlet/outlet locations. Because of the difference in inlet/outlet arrangements, the resultant flow fields and temperature distributions inside these heat sinks are also different under a given pressure drop across the heat sink. Using the averaged velocities and fluid temperatures in each channel to quantify the fluid flow and temperature maldistributions, it is found that better uniformities in velocity and temperature can be found in the heat sinks having coolant supply and collection vertically via inlet/outlet ports opened on the heat sink cover plate. Using the thermal resistance, overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop coefficient to quantify the heat sink performance, it is also found these heat sinks have better performance among the heat sinks studied. Based on the results from this study, it is suggested that better heat sink performance can be achieved when the coolant is supplied and collected vertically.     

空气作工质的真空集热管内流动与换热分析

针对热水作工质时真空集热管内普遍存在的冻结、腐蚀等问题,本文采用空气作工质,推导了空气作工质时真空集热管的集热效率、热损系数和集热管出口温度的方程,分析了影响空气作工质时各项参数对集热器热性能的影响。通过改变集热管进口空气流量来获得尽可能高出口温度的热空气,从而降低热损系数,提高集热效率。此外,由于热空气可以直接送入干燥室干燥物料,不需要二次转换,节能效果好。由理论分析和试验结果可以预见,利用空气作工质的真空传热管具有潜在的应用价值和前景。     

Performance of Cylindrical Parabolic Collector with Automated Tracking System

Parabolic solar collector collects the radiant energy emitted from the sun and focuses it at a point. Parabolic trough collectors are the low cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sun light on to a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid. However, the basic problem with the cylindrical parabolic collector without tracking was the solar collector does not move with the orientation of sun. Development of automatic tracking system for cylindrical parabolic collectors will increase solar collection as well as efficiency of devices. The main aim of this paper is to design, fabricate and analyze the performance of parabolic collector with automated tracking system. The automated tracking mechanism is used to receive the maximum possible energy of solar radiation as it tracks the path of sun. The performance of the parabolic trough collector is experimentally investigated with the water circulated as heat transfer fluid. The collector efficiency will be noted.