变形镁合金晶粒细化及热处理后的组织和性能

通过变形方法细化晶粒提高镁合金塑性.大挤压比(100:1)可获得细晶镁合金挤压薄板,其晶粒尺寸为2.5-12.5μm;大挤压比+轧制确保合金获得平均晶粒尺寸小于5μm的细晶镁合金薄板.通过优化再结晶退火制度使合金具有最佳的组织结构和良好的力学性能.在523K保温20min后细晶(晶粒尺寸小于12.5μm)镁合金板材具有良好的热拉深性能,能成功拉深出质量完好的筒形件,而晶粒尺寸大于25μm,出现不良的热拉深现象.     

非对称/对称轧制AZ31镁合金微观组织研究

研究了非对称轧制和对称轧制过程中,AZ31镁合金板材微观组织的变化特征,并结合有限元模拟对其差异进行了分析.结果表明,非对称轧制可明显细化板材的晶粒,可获得平均晶粒度约为8.9μm均匀分布的等轴晶组织,且其(0002)基面晶粒取向明显减弱;而对称轧制板材晶粒分布不均匀且有大量的孪晶存在,平均晶粒度达13.2μm.这主要是因为,与对称轧制相比,非对称轧制沿板材厚向引入了强烈的剪切应变所致.     

累积叠轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用累积叠轧工艺对AZ31 镁合金薄板进行剧塑性变形,研究了累积叠轧变形过程中镁合金板材的组织及性能演变.实验结果表明,累积叠轧可以有效细化AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒组织,显著改善室温延伸率,是制备大尺寸、高性能细晶镁合金板材的一种有效、经济而且可以实现工业化生产的技术.累积叠轧5道次后AZ31镁合金板材组织均匀,晶粒尺寸为1～2μm左右,晶粒细化源于大的累积变形及表面剪切变形;室温抗拉强度和延伸率可达到349MPa和22.46%,可归因于晶粒细化对镁合金强度和塑性的改善.累积叠轧板材的道次间的加热使ARB组织粗化,减小了累积叠轧过程中晶粒持续细化的效果.     

工艺因素对AZ31镁合金板材室温成形性能的影响

通过不同的加工工艺制备具有不同晶粒尺寸和织构的AZ31镁合金板材,通过室温埃里克森试验研究了工艺因素对提高镁合金板材室温成形性能的影响。结果表明:增大晶粒尺寸,减弱基面织构,可以改善镁合金轧板在变形过程中产生的在轧制方向的硬取向,增大镁合金轧板的延伸率,从而提高镁合金室温成形性能;用异步轧制工艺(轧制和退火温度为400℃、异速比为1.5)制备的试样晶粒尺寸增大到20μm、(0002)极图最大极密度仅为2,室温杯突实验测得IE值达到了5.71,显著提高了材料室温成形性能。     

初始宽度对AZ31轧制板材组织与性能的影响

在相同条件下轧制了不同初始宽度的AZ31板坯,通过对轧后板材的组织观察、硬度测试、XRD和SEM实验,研究了初始宽度对AZ31板材轧制组织和性能的影响.结果表明:初始宽度对AZ31镁合金轧制板材有一定影响;随着板坯宽度增加,轧后板材边部的硬度有所增加,再结晶晶粒比例增大,(0002)基面取向有所增加;板材中间部分的动态再结晶进行得更加完全,硬度比边部低,(0002)基面取向显著增加.     

AZ31镁合金热加工工艺对动态力学响应的影响EI北大核心

采用不同轧制退火工艺处理AZ31变形镁合金,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆测试了不同微观组织镁合金的动态力学性能,研究了组织结构与材料动态力学响应之间的关系,探讨了应变率效应。研究发现,分别经过5%,30%第三道次轧制以及250,350℃退火处理的镁合金晶粒尺寸差异较大。在应变率范围为1.2×103~2.4×103/s范围内,具有不同晶粒尺度的AZ31镁合金表现出各异的应变率强化效应。根据动态应力-应变曲线拟合了与动态屈服强度和动态抗压强度相对应的应变率硬化指数(m)和应变率效应因子(Rs)。发现晶粒尺寸不同的镁合金具有各异的应变率强化效应。m和Rs具有较强的相关性,30%轧制量的镁合金m和Rs均大于5%轧制量,250℃退火态的Rs最大,轧制未退火态次之,350℃退火态最小。     

Mg-3Zn-2Gd合金轧制态和退火态的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了热轧态及退火态Mg-3Zn-2Gd合金的组织,并测试了其室温拉伸力学性能。结果表明:合金板材经应变为23%~67%的轧制后组织得到细化,平均晶粒尺寸由10μm减至轧制应变为67%时的4μm。初始组织中的大量孪晶和剪切带逐渐减少;随着轧制应变增至67%,剪切带消失,组织由动态再结晶晶粒和少量孪晶组成。拉伸力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0.2分别由未轧制时的255 MPa和215 MPa提高至轧制应变为67%时的305 MPa和300 MPa,而伸长率δ先提高后降低。再经573 K退火处理1 h后,合金组织发生静态再结晶,变形不均匀区域消失,由细小均匀等轴晶组成;σb和σ0.2分别降至265 MPa和235 MPa,δ提高至19.0%;拉伸断口呈现大量韧窝,表现为韧性断裂。     

轧制变形程度对AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的研究轧制变形程度对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响。方法主要设计了轧制变形程度分别为51%,63%,72%的3组轧制工艺并进行实验,然后观察不同轧制变形程度下板材退火后的微观组织及力学性能。结果当轧制变形程度72%时,晶粒最细,抗拉强度和断裂延伸率最高。结论随着轧制变形程度的增加,镁合金板材晶粒逐渐细化,而抗拉强度和断裂延伸率随着轧制变形程度的增加而提高。     

退火温度对GH3600合金箔材组织与性能的影响

目的 探究退火温度对GH3600镍基高温合金箔材微观组织及力学性能的影响。为制备综合性能良好的GH3600箔材提供参考。方法 将厚度为2 mm的铸态板材反复轧制退火得到组织均匀的0.3 mm厚度带材,再利用四辊冷轧机将带材轧制成厚度为0.1 mm和0.05 mm的箔材,然后将2种厚度箔材在950、1 000、1 050 ℃下保温1 h后空冷。通过金相观察、电子探针、EBSD检测及XRD分析来研究箔材的微观组织演变。通过拉伸实验检测箔材的室温拉伸性能。结果 随着变形程度的增大,轧制态箔材晶粒沿轧制方向被拉长得更加明显。在相同热处理参数下,0.05 mm退火态箔材晶粒尺寸更小。退火后,箔材晶粒发生了回复再结晶并析出了细小的碳化物。随着退火温度的升高,晶内碳化物逐渐减少,孪晶界比例增大,再结晶程度及晶粒尺寸增大。0.05 mm箔材在1 050 ℃退火时,其晶粒迅速粗化,在厚度方向上出现单层晶,导致箔材的抗拉强度及延伸率出现异常降低的现象,即“越小越弱”的尺寸效应。结论 适宜的热处理工艺有助于改善箔材的微观组织,进而提高其力学性能。0.05 mm箔材在950 ℃下退火1 h时,其延伸率为19.1%,屈服强度以及抗拉强度分别达到293 MPa和560 MPa,综合力学性能良好。     

轧制方式对ZK60镁合金组织与性能的影响

目的 通过显微组织表征和拉伸性能测试等方法,研究轧制温度、多道次累积压下率及轧制路径对ZK60镁合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。方法 通过在不同温度（300、340、380、420℃）与同一多道次累积压下率下进行轧制实验,明确了后续轧制实验的轧制温度。随后在同一温度、单个道次压下率为10%、不同累积压下率下进行多道次单向轧制及交叉轧制实验,并对轧制后试样的力学性能及微观组织进行分析。结果 当轧制温度为380℃、累积压下率为40.1%时,材料动态再结晶程度最大,平均晶粒尺寸减小为15.48μm,合金抗拉强度和断后伸长率最大,分别为301.46 MPa和20.56%。与多道次单向轧制相比,交叉轧制后合金板材基面织构强度明显降低,极密度值降低为9。材料RD方向的抗拉强度提高了6.35%,断后伸长率没有明显变化,TD方向的抗拉强度略微下降,但断后伸长率提高了71.47%,TD方向由脆性断裂转为韧性断裂。结论 随着温度与累积压下率的上升,ZK60镁合金的动态再结晶程度提高,晶粒得到细化,材料力学性能得到提升。在相同温度与累积压下率下,经交叉轧制后,材料基面织构显著削弱,材料的各向异性得到改善。     

循环道次对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的通过高温累积叠轧工艺制备出高强度的镁合金,并研究该过程中循环道次对AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与性能的具体影响。方法对累积叠轧1～5次板材进行微观组织观察,并进行显微硬度的测试,得到不同板材的硬度值,通过X射线衍射分析得到不同板材的取向结果,最终进行力学性能实验,并对比分析。结果随着循环道次的增加,板材抗拉强度有明显改变。从260 MPa先增加至310 MPa,最后稳定在350 MPa左右;非基面织构比重增加;断裂伸长率先降低后升高并稳定在10%左右。结论累积叠轧工艺使得AZ31镁合金板材产生了加工硬化,并显著细化了晶粒。循环道次的增加、孪晶产生和晶界数量显著增多导致强度进一步提高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of twin-roll cast Mg–4.5Al–1.0Zn sheets processed by differential speed rolling

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the twin-roll cast (TRC) Mg–4.5Al–1.0Zn alloy sheets produced by differential speed rolling (DSR) were investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. The results are compared with those of the sheet processed by equal speed rolling (ESR). It is shown that twining played an important role at the initial stage of rolling. With the increase of the rolling reduction, the microstructures in the processed sheets become more homogeneous and they are more refined by DSR than by ESR. After annealing, the sheet processed by DSR shows a higher elongation and slightly lower yield strength than those of the ESR-processed sheet, which could be attributed to grain refinement and texture weakening. These results suggest that, in comparison with conventional casting and rolling, the combined technology of TRC and DSR is a more effective way to process magnesium sheets with enhanced formability after final annealing.     

Nano grained AZ31 alloy achieved by equal channel angular rolling process

Equal channel angular rolling (ECAR) is a severe plastic deformation process which is carried out on large, thin sheets. The grain size could be significantly decreased by this process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet by this process to nanometer. The effect of the number of ECAR passes on texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. ECAR temperature was controlled to maximize the grain refinement efficiency along with preventing cracking. The initial microstructure of as-received AZ31 sheet showed an average grain size of about 21 μm. The amount of grain refinement increased with increasing the pass number. After 10 passes of the process, significant grain refinement occurred and the field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) micrographs showed that the size of grains were decreased significantly to about 14-70 nm. These grains were formed at the grain boundaries and inside some of the previous larger micrometer grains. Observation of optical microstructures and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the formation of twins after ECAR process. Micro-hardness of material was studied at room temperature. There was a continuous enhancement of hardness by increasing the pass number of ECAR process. At the 8th pass, hardness values increased by 53%. At final passes hardness reduced slightly, which was attributed to saturation of strain in high number of passes.     

高性能镁合金板材轧制技术的研究

综述了铗合金板材轧制技术的研究进展,阐述了交叉辊轧制、大应变轧制、交叉轧制、非对称轧制技术的原理,分析了不同轧制技术对应板材的组织特点和晶粒细化机制,以及织构特点和形成原因,指出了当前镬合金板材轧制存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向.     

Texture weakening of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet obtained by a combination of bidirectional cyclic bending at low temperature and static recrystallization

In this work, the grain refinement and texture weakening in the sheets of AZ31 magnesium alloy were studied by means of bidirectional cyclic bending for 6 passes at 423 K and subsequent static recrystallization (SRX) on two annealing conditions. The deformed and annealed samples were examined by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The results showed that a gradient structure with fine grains in the regions near the surfaces and, in contrast, coarse grains in the middle of the sheet were induced. The texture of the annealed samples was dramatically weakened, and the intensity decreased gradually from the center of the sheet to two surfaces. The different SRX mechanisms significantly affected the different weakening for the basal texture. The cumulative strain energy achieved by twinning played a more important role in the formation of an asymmetric gradient texture intensity distribution after annealing at 523 K for 1000 s. On the contrary, thermal energy dominated a symmetric gradient under annealing at 573 K for 100 s because of the preferential growth of new grains produced by SRX. The ductility is enhanced outstandingly with no remarkable improvement for the strength.     

Effect of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy sheets processed by twin-roll cast and differential speed rolling

In this study, ZK60 magnesium strips produced by twin-roll casting were subjected to differential speed rolling with velocity ratios of 1.2 and 1.5 and equal speed rolling. Annealing treatment was applied to the rolled strips to investigate its effect on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. The results show that compared with the sheet processed by equal speed rolling, the sheets processed by differential speed rolling show more apparent shear bands in the rolled state and a higher fraction of fine grains after annealing. The sheets processed by differential speed rolling show a single-peak basal fiber with a decreased maximum pole intensity compared to a clear double-peak texture of the sheet processed by equal speed rolling, and both are weakened after annealing. The sheets processed by differential speed rolling present significantly higher ductility and slightly lower yield strength than the sheet processed by equal speed rolling. The annealing process contributes to decreases in the strengths and improvement in ductility, which can be attributed to the weakening of basal texture by recrystallization. These results suggest that the annealing is an effective way to enhance the formability of sheets produced by differential speed rolling.     

挤压比对Mg-Zn-Zr-RE 合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同挤压比对铸态Mg-5．4Zn-0．3Zr-0．98RE镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明,当挤压比较小时,微观组织呈现出粗晶和细晶组成的混晶组织;随着挤压比增加到16,微观组织发生完全再结晶,获得均匀、细小的再结晶组织。动态再结晶是铸态镁合金Mg-5．4Zn-0．3Zr-0．98RE晶粒细化的机制。在挤...     

A strategy for creating ultrafine-grained microstructure in magnesium alloy sheets

An Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy with fully recrystallized microstructure and a mean grain size of 1 μm has been produced by high-ratio differential speed rolling under the condition that the cold sheet is subjected to rolling with hot rolls preheated to 473 K, resulting in a total thickness reduction of 68% after two-step rolling. No surface or internal cracks were developed. The microstructure was homogenous along the thickness direction. A bimodal grain size distribution was obtained in which approximately 40% of the grains were ultrafine with submicron size coexisting with other grains with a size of several microns. The proposed processing method holds great potential for continuous production of ultrafine-grained magnesium alloy sheets.     

Grain refinement of high purity aluminium by asymmetric rolling

Abstract

For the purpose of grain refinement, development of the microstructure of coarse grain, high purity aluminium during cold asymmetric rolling has been studied by electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) analysis, as well as optical and transmission electron microscopy, and compared with that developed during conventional rolling. In 91.3% asymmetrically rolled sheet, new fine equiaxed grains with an average size of ～2 µm are evolved almost uniformly throughout the thickness. On the other hand, in conventionally rolled sheet, the coarse fibrous structure is predominant. A change of grain boundary misorientation distribution with an increase in reduction shows that the fraction of sub-boundaries below 10° decreases linearly, and that of the high angle boundaries above 15° increases linearly. The fine grain evolution during asymmetric rolling seems to result from the development of sub-boundaries into high angle boundaries promoted by a simultaneous action of two deformation modes, namely compression and additional shear deformation. Fine grains evolved during asymmetric rolling are stable at temperatures below 423 K. Annealing at temperatures above 473 K results in remarkable grain growth.     

Influence of rolling temperature on static recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Poor formability of rolled magnesium (Mg) alloys extremely restricts applications in form of sheets originating from formation of strong basal texture. Recently, we found that increasing rolling temperature from 723 to 798 K for a AZ31 Mg alloy can significantly improve stretch formability due to remarkable texture weakening after annealing. In this study, static recrystallization behaviors of AZ31 alloy sheets rolled at 723 and 798 K were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction analyses at different annealing stages in order to understand the origin of high temperature rolling on texture weakening. For both sheets, similar deformation microstructures with approximately the same types and fractions of twins exist in the as-rolled condition and recrystallized grains are mainly formed at pre-existing grain boundaries due to discontinuous recrystallization during subsequent annealing. However, only the basal texture of the latter remarkably weakens due to the formation of new recrystallized grains with well-dispersed orientations. Non-basal slips enhanced during high temperature rolling at 798 K are most likely responsible for the texture randomization as a result of rotations of recrystallization nuclei.