ABS/PC合金的研究进展

介绍了近年来ABS/PC合金在国内外的发展及应用状况,着重分析了ABS/PC合金的相容性及影响合金性能的因素,包括共混体系、流变性能以及加工条件等。并对今后的发展前景进行了简要分析和预测,认为目前研究的热点内容为相容性技术,ABS/PC合金在国内塑料合金的工业开发、应用和发展中是极其重要的。     

相容剂对PC/ABS共混物性能的影响

本文分别研究了马来酸酐接枝ABS(ABS-g-MAH)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)作为相容剂对PC/ABS共混体系相容性、力学性能、形态结构的影响.研究结果表明:当相容剂MBS加入PC/ABS共混体系中后,不仅能够显著改善PC/ABS共混物的相容性,明显降低分散相的粒径,而且能够使PC/ABS共混物在保持较高的拉伸强度的同时,大幅度地提高共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率;而相容剂ABS-g-MAH的加入对共混体系的缺口冲击强度的改善不明显,但其断裂伸长率增幅较大.     

PC/ABS共混体系性能研究

运用试验设计的方法,建立了共混合金组成与性能之间的数学模型,研究PC/ABS共混体系中各组分及组分间交互作用对共温材料性能的影响。结果表明:共混体系中,PC含量,PC、ABS的种类和改性剂对体系的性能影响较为明显。     

PC/ABS塑料合金的开发与应用

研究了ABS和PVC对PC/ABS共混体系力学性能的影响.结果表明,ABS和PVC对PC/ABS塑料合金具有明显的增韧和提高加工性能的作用.     

塑料简讯

国家“七五”科技攻关课题——PC/ABS树脂共混合金通过鉴定最近,化工部科技司、中国化工新材料开发公司对成都有机硅研究中心承担的国家“七五”科技攻关课题“PC/ABS树脂共混合金”进行了技术鉴定。PC/ABS树脂共混合金具有母体树脂的综合平衡性能,它既保持了PC树脂的优良物理机械性能,又保持了ABS树脂良好的成型流动性和低温冲击韧性,是一种性能优异的新型工程塑料。     

PC/SBS共混物力学性能与形态的研究

本文系统地研究了PC与SBS共混体系的力学性能 ;通过SEM观察了共混物的形态结构 ;并对SBS增韧PC的机理进行了探讨 ;结合DSC分析结果表明 ,ABS g MAH对PC/SBS共混体系有很好的增容作用     

ABS／PC／MMA类共聚物Q三元共混体系的性能和形态

本文研究了ABS/PC甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物Q三元共混物的性能与Q含量的关系,对不同Q含量下共混物的拉伸、冲击、弯曲、耐热、熔体指数等性能进行了测试,并用扫描电镜观察了该三元共混物的形态。结果表明,加入共聚物Q可增加共混体系的相容性,在适当组成下可使共混物的弯曲强度提高到原来的1.7倍,同时其他力学性能有所提高或不受损失;共混物的熔体指数能符合工业生产要求。从经济角度看,Q价格也较低。因而ABS/PC/Q三元共混物可望开发为具有重要实际意义的塑料合金。     

耐热抗冲PC/ABS合金的研究

通过共混挤出的方法制备不同PC含量的合金,研究了不同PC含量对PC/ABS和PC/ABS/MBS合金力学性能和热变形温度的影响,探讨了PC/ABS/SAN/MBS四元共混体系的效果,结果表明:PC含量与合金的拉伸强度和热变形温度成正比关系,当PC含量60%时冲击韧性最佳,MBS对合金有增容增韧作用,可明显提高合金的冲击性能,但会使合金的刚性和耐热能力下降,在PC/ABS/MBS的基础上,保持PC与MBS用量,使用SAN替换40%的ABS,制备的PC/ABS/SAN/MBS四元共混合金可在保持冲击强度的同时大幅提高合金的拉伸强度和热变形温度,使合金具有更优异的综合性能。     

新型磷硅阻燃剂的合成及其对PC/ABS的阻燃研究

以三氯氧磷、季戊四醇和二乙氧基氨丙基硅甲烷为原料合成了一种磷硅阻燃剂PN,并通过红外光谱和核磁共振测定了其结构。将PN与聚碳酸酯/(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(PC/ABS)体系共混后研究了PN对PC/ABS体系热降解性能、阻燃性能和残炭形貌的影响。结果表明,PN能改善PC/ABS体系的高温热稳定性和残炭量,在燃烧时形成内表面发泡、外表面致密连续的膨胀炭层;且能提高PC/ABS体系的阻燃性能,当PN的添加量从0增加到30份时,PC/ABS共混材料的极限氧指数由21%增加到29%;当PN添加量超过20份后,共混材料的阻燃等级能够达到UL94V-1级。     

PC/ABS共混改性的研究

运用二次通用旋转回归设计的方法，建立了共混合金组成与性能之间相互关联的数学模型，研究了PC／ABS共混体系在0水平时各组分及组分间交互作用对共混材料各项性能的影响。结果表明，共混体系中，PC含量是决定共混物力学性能的主要因素，PC、ABS的种类及其交互作用对体系的耐热性和强度等性能影响显著。     

Effects of blend composition on the morphologies and physical properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends

The morphologies and physical properties of twin-screw-extruded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) blends with various blend ratios are studied. The needle-like co-continuous phase in PC-rich blends changes to the sea-island phase for blend ratios of more than 50 wt% ABS. While pure PC exhibits an almost-Newtonian flow behavior, PC/ABS blends exhibit the interesting rheological transition. The viscosities of the ABS-rich blends at low shear rates are almost equal to those of the pure ABS polymer. The yield stress for the PC/ABS blend ratio of 3:7 is the highest in composition. At the frequency of 10 rad/s, the PC-rich blends exhibit highly viscous properties, whereas the ABS-rich blends present highly elastic properties as the temperature increases. Moreover, the ABS polymer in the PC/ABS polymer blend induces significant change at the fracture surface of PC, transitioning from brittle to ductile nature.     

Boiling water aging of polycarbonate and polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin and polycarbonate/low‐density polyester blends

The effects of boiling water on the mechanical and thermal properties and morphologies of polycarbonate (PC), PC/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin (PC/ABS), and PC/low‐density polyester (PC/LDPE) blends (compositions of PC/ABS and PC/LDPE blends were 80/20) were studied. PC and the PC/ABS blend had a transition from ductile to brittle materials after boiling water aging. The PC/LDPE blend was more resistant to boiling water aging than PC and the PC/ABS blend. The thermal properties of glass‐transition temperature (T_g) and melting temperature (T_m) in PC and the blends were measured by DSC. The T_g of PC and PC in the PC/ABS and PC/LDPE blends decreased after aging. The T_g of the ABS component in the PC/ABS blend did not change after aging. The supersaturated water in PC clustered around impurities or air bubbles leading to the formation of microcracks, which was the primary reason for the ductile–brittle transition in PC, and the microcracks could not recover after PC was treated at 160°C for 6 h. The PC/ABS blend showed slightly higher resistance to boiling water than did PC. The highest resistance to boiling water of the PC/LDPE blend may be attributed to its special structural morphology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 589–595, 2003     

Thermal aging of bisphenol-A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

Thermal aging of immiscible bisphenol-A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC/ABS) blends containing 25, 60, and 75% PC and the PC and ABS blend components have been studied. Changes in Izod impact properties and dynamic mechanical spectra are reported following aging at 90, 110, and 130°C for times up to 1500 h. PC/ABS blends containing 60 and 75% PC were found to retain high impact performance following aging at elevated temperatures, compared to the PC blend component. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy is an effective probe for investigating the structure–property changes occurring and the mechanisms of aging. For PC and ABS, the changes were mainly due to physical aging of the amorphous polymers when aged below the glass-transition temperature. For the PC/ABS blends, oxidative degradation additionally contributes to loss of toughness. Although structure–property changes are related to the behavior of the blend components, additional factors of potential importance for multiphase polymer–polymer systems have been identified, including a redistribution of stabilizers during the blend manufacture. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

增容剂含量对PC/ABS共混物流变行为的影响

采用XLY-II型毛细管流变仪研究了聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯(PC/ABS)共混物的流变特性。实验结果表明:PC/ABS共混物为假塑性流体,呈现出切力变稀的现象。增容剂的加入使得PC/ABS共混物的表观粘度增大,并且使得在同一剪切应力下的粘流活化能降低,故熔体的流动性受温度的影响较小。     

磷酸酯阻燃PC/ABS合金的研究及应用

研究了磷酸三苯酯（TPP）、间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）、缩聚型固体磷酸酯（PX）和增容增韧剂对聚碳酸酯（PC）/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）合金阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,TPP、RDP、PX均可显著提高PC/ABS合金的阻燃性能,增容增韧剂可以改善体系的力学性能;当PC/ABS为7/3时,分别加入11 %、14 %和12 %（质量分数,下同）的3种阻燃剂,并配以适量的增容增韧剂和其他助剂,可以制得等级为UL94 V-0级的PC/ABS合金。     

Effect of Rubber Content of ABS on Properties of PC/ABS Blends. I. Rheological,Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

ABSTRACT

The effect of rubber content of poly (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) (ABS) on compatibility and properties of polycarbonate (PC)/ABS blend systems has been investigated. The rheological, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of PC/ABS blend systems containing ABS of different rubber content were studied. The reduced torque data on Torque Rheocord indicated improved processability of PC by addition of ABS, however, in ABS-rich compositions, higher rubber content reduces the extent of improvement. The tensile strength of PC decreased with addition of ABS to it but PC-rich compositions have a nearly additive response. The deviation form additivity for blends having higher rubber ABS was more pronounced. However, the impact strength of blends having higher rubber ABS were higher than other types and showed a positive deviation from additivity with variation in compositions. The blends containing ABS with lower rubber content showed a single glass-transition temperature (Tg) in differential scanning calorimetry studies (DSC) in the whole composition range indicating miscibility. Although two Tgs, one associated with PC phase and one with ABS phase, were observed for blends containing high rubber ABS, the shift in Tgs with respect to pure component values indicates partial miscibility. The decrease in the extent of shift with increase of ABS in these blends indicates undesirable phase separation due to poor adhesion of higher level of rubber content.     

The effect of recycling number on the mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends: With and without glass‐fiber

The recycling possibilities of poly(butylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PBT/PC/ABS) ternary blend with and without glass‐fiber content were investigated using repeated injection molding process. In this study, PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends were reprocessed at five times and the results were presented after each recycling process. The recycling possibility of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blend was evaluated by measuring the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and rheological properties. Mechanical properties were determined by the tensile strength, yield strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Chemical and thermal properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Rheological properties of the ternary blends were studied by melt flow index measurement. From the results, it was found that mechanical properties of recycled composites were better than virgin PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2074–2084, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Dynamic‐mechanical analysis of MWNTs‐filled PC/ABS blends

In a systematic manner, the roles of MWNTs as filler and styrene acrylonitrile copolymer‐graft‐maleic anhydride (SAN‐MA) as compatibilizer, individually and together, on dynamic‐mechanical behavior of polycarbonate (PC)‐rich/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer (ABS) blend were studied. The investigations were performed using small‐scale mixing in a one‐step procedure with a fixed MWNTs content of 0.75 wt% and a blend composition of PC/ABS = 70/30 w/w. PC/SAN blends and nanocomposites as simpler model system for PC/ABS were also studied to reveal the role of the rubbery polybutadiene (PB) fraction. It is found that the tendency of MWNTs to localize within the PC component in compatibilized PC/ABS was lower than in compatibilized PC/SAN blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed the dual role of SAN‐MA as blend compatibilizer and also promoter of MWNTs migration towards PC, where SAN‐MA to MWNTs weight ratio varied between 1 and 4. At the compatibilizer/MWNTs weight ratio of 1, MWNTs localized in PC component of the blends whereas increasing the compatibilizer/MWNTs ratio to 4 led to migration of MWNTs toward SAN or ABS component. In DMA studies, loss modulus normalization of the nanocomposites revealed the coexistence of mobilized and immobilized regions within the nanocomposite structure, as a result of MWNTs and compatibilizer loading. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2696–2706, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of processing conditions on the phase morphology of PC/ABS polymer blends

The phase morphology of PC/ABS blends can be significantly affected by its processing conditions. Blends prepared in a mixing chamber at different conditions show a strong influence of mixing time and temperature on its morphology. The blend morphology changes from a well-dispersed PC phase surrounded by the ABS matrix phase to a cocontinuous morphology with increase in the mixing time. Higher blending temperatures promote changes in the PC/ABS morphology, probably due to thermal degradation. The rotor speed has not shown much influence on the blend phase morphology. The cocontinuous phase morphology of the PC/ABS blends obtained after mixing for 10 min was shown to be unstable as detected by the heat treatment. A melt annealing for a few minutes showed a significant change in the morphology. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1605–1613, 1998     

Blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate and rubber‐toughened styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers

The morphology and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC) blends with rubber‐toughened styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer materials (TSMA) were investigated and compared with the properties of blends of PC with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) materials. The PC/TSMA blends showed similar composition dependence of properties as the comparable PC/ABS blends. Polycarbonate blends with TSMA exhibited higher notched Izod impact toughness than pure PC under sharp‐notched conditions but the improvements are somewhat less than observed for similar blends with ABS. Since PC is known for its impact toughness except under sharp‐notched conditions, this represents a significant advantage of the rubber‐modified blends. PC blends with styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) were compared to those with a styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The trends in blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be qualitatively similar for the two types of copolymers. PC/SMA blends are nearly transparent or slightly pearlescent. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1508–1515, 1999