基于虚拟仪器的多通道数据采集器全自动校准系统

基于虚拟仪器、多路复用开关及继电器模块开发了一套多通道数据采集器全自动校准系统。描述了系统的组成,开发了用户管理程序、标准器管理程序及自动校准程序(包括标准器及被校仪器的控制程序、通道切换控制程序、数据处理及原始记录生成程序)。该系统成功解决了多通道数据采集器手动校准费时、低效、容易出错的问题,以及仅利用程控通信方式无法实现数据采集器多通道间自动切换,需要借助人力完成线路切换而只能实现半自动校准的问题。通过实际测试和验证,该系统校准效率高,稳定性好,与传统人工校准方式相比,不但节省了人力成本,而且可节省90%的校准用时,同时校准结果的准确可靠得以保证。     

高精度传声器相位校准设备的研发

根据市场需求,开发一款高精度传声器相位校准设备。通过分析阻抗管中平面声波的传播特点,分析阻抗管中不同安装位置间相位关系的影响因素,通过测量不确定度原理,分析出主要的影响参数为阻抗管末端的反射系数和传声器的安装间距,按照分析的结论,通过吸声末端和传声器的安装方式设计,研发出高精度传声器相位校准设备,设备能实现在(50~6000)Hz内相位差均匀分布。应用比对法来校准传声器相位,即运用一个参考传声器,校准余下待校传声器,实验数据显示采用该多通道相位校准系统在(50~6000)Hz内达到±2°的相位校准精度,达到高精度传声器相位校准设备研发的目的。     

惯性器件多参数测试设备校准技术关键问题

多参数测试设备的高精度校准对提升惯性器件实战性能有重要影响.通过归纳分析现有多参数测试设备的计量标准,指出分立校准的环境条件与多参数测试设备的使用条件不一致,校准结果适用性有限.建议研制适用于多参数复合环境的传递标准,开展多通道异步数据的同步采集与动态校准技术和多参数测试设备可计量性设计等研究,形成与多参数测试配套的计...     

基于脉冲数据采集法功率图示仪校准仪的研制

大功率智能图示仪是用来测量功率半导体器件直流及I/V参数的测试设备,是半导体器件质量控制的必备设备。脉冲测试法为该类设备内部参数测量原理,目前校准难点主要体现在内部集电极电流偏转系数、阶梯电流源、阶梯电压源的校准缺乏整体校准方案。本文通过研究基于脉冲分流器和脉冲电压测量单元的脉冲数据采集法,研制主控模块、多路选择矩阵模块、集电极电流校准模块、阶梯电流校准模块、阶梯电压校准模块、采样保持电路模块、程控放大电路模块、数据处理电路A/D模块、程控基准电源模块、定时模块、触发模块、USB通信模块等模块,推出了一种基于脉冲数据采集法的功率图示仪校准仪,填补了国内功率图示仪校准仪的空白,并通过对关键参数测量不确定度的评定,证明其能够满足大功率智能图示仪校准需要。     

多通道程控脉冲电压、脉冲电流校准装置研究

正本文研究的多通道脉冲电压、脉冲电流校准装置是为测试特殊设备定制的,能够按设定时间输出电压、电流脉冲的特殊电源,该校准装置向被测试负载提供1个电压输出通道和6个电流输出通道的可程序控制电压/电流脉冲信号。多通道程控脉冲电压、脉冲电流校准装置主要是实现对被测设备的脉冲电压、脉冲电流参数的校准。该装置的技术特点是:大电流脉冲信号输出幅值准确度控制在±0.5%,脉冲宽度及脉     

多通道自校准热红外辐射计实验室定标及比对验证

热红外辐射计在获取野外地物信息和验证遥感卫星观测数据方面起着至关重要的作用，其定标精度直接影响到遥感数据分析的精度和应用的水平。探讨多通道自校准热红外辐射计的设计思想，进行了实验室定标实验和重复性实验，验证了长时间运行状态下仪器测量数据的水平，得到仪器辐射亮温的不确定度为0.27 K。与主流辐射计进行了实验室测试分析，对比二者所得定标结果的准确性，多通道自校准热红外辐射计最大偏差值为0.26℃,整体偏差在0.3℃以内，通过户外草地测试实验验证了仪器的测量水平。结果表明多通道自校准热红外辐射计具有较高的精度水平，能够满足外场长时间、多通道、高精度的工作要求，为外场定标提供了有力的数据支撑。     

多通道压力传感器校准系统研制

介绍了一种多通道压力传感器校准系统,该系统通过通过自动控制和采集技术实现了多通道压力传感器校准系统研制,提高了压力传感器计量校准工作效率及工作质量。     

高频动态校准系统的自校准模板设计方法研究

本文对数据采集系统的内装式自校准模板的设计、开发进行了研究.自校准模板采用ARM9和高速、高准确度DAC发生动态校准信号,高稳定度电压基准发生静态校准信号.模板上的高精密12档衰减器实现了对信号幅值的设置,可程控8档截频滤波器根据动态校准信号的频率对DAC产生的动态模拟信号进行滤波.论述了自校准模板静态电压基准电路、衰减器及数模转换电路的设计.采用ARM9和C语言开发了完善的通信模块、参数设置模块、功能实现模块及上位机与模板的通信协议模块等.通过设计、制作和调试,实现了幅值满度为+10V及频率为100 kHz动态校准信号的发生.     

一种用于多通道移液装置性能验证的光度法系统

针对多通道移液装置的校准和验证,本文介绍了一种全新的多通道验证系统(MVS),并基于双染料比率光度法,对每个单独通道的准确性和精密度进行测量。实验证明：该系统应用范围较广,校准范围可覆盖(2～200)μL,且结果可溯源至国家标准。同时,基于MVS自身的稳定性和操作的便利性,在实验室环境中可用于对自动移液设备进行验证,确保仪器设备的性能状态。     

基于LabVIEW的智能扭矩传感器的研究

研究了一种新型多通道光电扭矩传感器,通过光电方法测量旋转轴的扭转角来获得动态扭矩,采用虚拟仪器的思想,基于LabVIEW测试平台实现了对扭矩值的实时显示.应用动态扭矩加载器对扭矩值进行了动态校准.该传感器系统减少了硬件设备,缩短了开发周期,提高了测量精度.     

微操作机器人的显微视觉自标定方法

在分析微操作机器人结构特点的基础上确定了待标定参数,提出了一种基于显微视觉的自标定方法。通过动态跟踪随机器人运动的目标来计算其图像坐标,采用最小二乘法拟合目标运动轨迹在显微镜坐标平面中的投影直线,并结合高精度机器人的位移量,经过几何投影和变换,标定出待标定坐标到显微镜坐标的转换矩阵。该标定方法无需特殊辅助测量仪器。实验表明,角度标定重复性好,位置标定误差小于 2 个像素。     

工业机器人三维在线自校准系统的研制

针对工业机器人校准成本与校准精度难以平衡的问题,研究了一种针对工业机器人的三维低成本高精度接触式自校系统。该系统的三维校准器安装于机器人末端位置（TCP）,采用三个互相正交的高精度位置传感器,通过研究工业机器人D-H参数校准算法,并对专用四球校准台精密迭代测量,可实现对工业机器人D-H参数的低成本、高精度在线自校准。通过与激光跟踪仪进行验证试验,各测量点的最大En值为0.63,小于1,验证结果满意。     

月球车双目视觉避障像机标定

针对等距投影鱼眼成像模型,本文提出通过标定场方法对月球车避障像机进行自标定光束法平差,对月球车双目视觉避障像机的内参数、相对外参数进行标定。采用标定得到的参数,对摄影测量标志进行三维坐标恢复,得到标志在避障像机坐标系下的三维坐标。将该三维坐标与已知的三维坐标进行比较,利用比较的偏差结果评定避障像机的标定精度。实验结果表明,该方法完全满足避障像机标定精度要求。     

Indoor GPS工业测量系统自标定技术研究

Indoor GPS工业测量系统在进行测量前必须标定各发射头之间的相对位置关系及其空间姿态,针对此自标定问题,采用单个圆柱型传感器配合标准尺进行测量,获得空间点相对于各发射头中心的水平方位角和垂直方位角,在此基础上建立了基于角度值的坐标参数转换模型,采用非线性最小二乘法进行解算以完成Indoor GPS的自标定。实验证明该方法简便可行。     

Isolated-Section Inductive Divider and Its Self-Calibration

A high-precision isolated-section inductive divider, designed for self-calibration, has been developed. In this new design principle, the two major sources of ratio error, excitation current and current through stray capacitance between sections of divider windings, have been greatly reduced by the use of a separate excitation winding and a guard for the divider winding. In a self-calibration divider ten divider winding sections are electrostatically isolated from each other by their guards. The divider can be calibrated by internal exchange of the winding sections and comparison with an auxiliary divider having a fixed nominal ratio of 0.1, similar to the calibration of a resistive divider. The design principle is also applied to another divider in which a second winding is added. This divider can be used for a high-precision multidecade divider and for the calibration of other ininductive dividers using a "boot-strapping" method. Construction details of the dividers, sources of errors, results of self-calibration, and evaluation of uncertainties are presented. The uncertainties of the self-calibration are estimated to be ±3 X 10-9 of the input at 100 Hz to 1 kHZ, and ±30 X 10-9 at 10 kHz.     

A digital self-calibration circuit for absolute optical rotary encoder microsystems

The parameters of the analog waveforms produced by the front-end electronics of absolute optical rotary encoders are affected by substantial differences and drifts. The threshold level required to convert the generated analog signal into a digital square wave in each read-out channel has to, therefore, be calibrated so as to keep the output duty-cycle close to its ideal value of 50%. This paper presents a digital self-calibration circuit specifically designed for this purpose. The circuit performs dynamic calculation of the threshold level, continuously compensating for encoder nonidealities while the system is normally operating. This avoids the need for manual calibration, provides thermal stabilization, and prevents performance degradation. The proposed digital calibration system was integrated in conventional CMOS technology and was then successfully evaluated.     

A novel frequency calibration device using color televisionsubcarrier

The conventional frequency calibration devices using the color television subcarrier, utilize a frequency synthesizer to generate the calibrated frequency signal into the signal which is the same in nominal frequency with the chroma subcarrier signal. Then it is calibrated by the phase comparison method with the 3.57 MHz chroma subcarrier signal. This paper describes a new method and does not use the frequency synthesizer but uses a simpler device to accomplish the calibration. The measuring accuracy is better than that of conventional devices     

时间频率传递GPS接收机内延迟差分校准技术研究

在BIPM差分校准方法基础上,实现了改进的可对时间频率传递GPS接收机内延迟进行单独校准的差分校准方法。以一台经过内延迟校准的接收机作为参考,利用改进的差分校准方法,对另一台基于Javad E_GGD GPS接收模块的自主研制的时间频率传递GPS接收机进行了内延迟校准,校准不确定度优于6ns,与绝对校准方法符合度优于1ns。     

A method for precise RF admittance measurement

An improvement in the theory of the dual admittance bridge with self-calibration ability for precise RF measurement is described. The approach to the bridge function analysis extends utilization of its high resolution and accuracy in immittance standardization into the UHF range. No detailed information about the bridge's internal structure is needed for the theory, which describes it as a multiport device. Thus, the theory has not only contributed to bridge arrangement, but also enables simple and efficient calibration of measurement equipment based on the classical twin-T admittance bridge. Improvement in the accuracy and frequency range of the calibrated equipment should be expected. The theory has been verified on a special coaxial bridge circuit at 100 and 1000 MHz     

Self-calibration for kinematic parameters of a redundant planar two-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator using evolutionary algorithms

In this article, the self-calibration problem of a planar two-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) parallel manipulator with a redundant joint sensor is studied. By eliminating the passive joint positions, a new error function is proposed. Furthermore, by decoupling the kinematic parameters of the error function, the minimization process is simplified. In order to obtain the global optimum, three evolutionary algorithms including genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution are applied to minimize the error function. In the application, the performances and effectiveness of the applied algorithms on this specific problem are compared under three different error functions, and the results show that the differential-evolution method under the decoupled error function produces the best result. Finally, actual calibration is carried out based on differential evolution under the decoupled error function, and the result demonstrates that all of the 12 parameters of the manipulator are calibrated with high accuracy.