Growth rate effect on colony formation in directional solidification of Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2

Mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics are strongly affected by structural defects as pores or colonies. Experimental investigation of the microstructure of this ternary composite indicates that the colonies are generally observed when the solidification occurs at high rates. In this work, the influence of the growth rate on the solid-liquid interface shape and formation of colonies in directional solidification of Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ by Bridgman, Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG), and Czochralski (Cz) methods is numerically and experimentally investigated. Numerical modeling of the Bridgman growth process shows large curvatures of the solid-liquid interface when the pulling rate is increased up to 80 mm/h. The ingots solidified at rates between 5 and 80 mm/h exhibit colony type microstructure. The analysis of EFG growth of ceramic ribbons reveals less curved solid-liquid interfaces in this system. Numerical modeling shows significant increase in the interface curvature with increasing pulling rate. The microstructure of ribbons grown at pulling rates between 6 and 12 mm/h exhibits colonies only for the ingots solidified at higher rate. Simulations carried out for Czochralski growth process show that the solidification front is almost plane in this system. These results are in agreement with experimental observations showing good structural quality of Cz grown crystals with a flat solid-liquid interface. Finally it is concluded that formation of colonies in directional solidification of this ternary eutectic composite is linked to large curvatures of the growth interface.     

ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

本文以工业用ZrO2和α-Al2O3微粉为原料,通过干压成型和常压烧结工艺制备ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷.通过检测复相陶瓷的体积密度、显气孔率、常温抗折强度、烧后线变化率和热震稳定性,研究不同α-Al2O3微粉加入量及添加剂Y2O3对ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷烧结性能、常温强度、热震稳定性及微观结构的影响,并通过SEM方法对烧后试样的微观结构进行表征.结果表明:系统配料中加入Al2O3会降低ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度,常温强度随着Al2O3加入量增大而呈现先增大后减小趋势,然而热震稳定性有一定程度改善.Y2O3作为一种助烧剂可以促进ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷结构内晶粒长大,加入Y2O3有利于增强复相陶瓷的烧结性.     

Effect of interfacial energy on microstructure of a directionally solidified Al2O3/YAG eutectic ceramic

An Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramic was prepared with a c‐axis sapphire seed by an optical floating zone furnace. The crystallographic relationships in the initial and the steady growth sections of the as‐grown eutectic ceramic were investigated by electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The corresponding results were: <111 > {101}Y₃Al₅O₁₂ || <0001 > {}Al₂O₃ and <110 > {}Y₃Al₅O₁₂ || < > {0001}Al₂O₃, respectively. The steady orientation of the latter one shows smaller planar disregistry. Interfacial strain played the decisive role in affecting the solidification behavior of the Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic ceramic. The stability of interfaces with minimum interfacial strain and better ionic charge balance in irregular microstructure prevail upon the constraint of the seed. These results might cast light for the interfacial design of the Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂ binary eutectic ceramic.     

层状复合陶瓷材料制备工艺与性能关系

通过对Al2O3/ZrO2层状复合陶瓷制备工艺与性能关系的研究,表明配合料的均匀性及流动性对制品的最后性能起关键作用.本实验条件下最佳烧结工艺为:1650℃×2h,升温速率1～2℃/min.该层状陶瓷的抗弯强度随相对密度的提高而提高,硬度和断裂韧性与相对密度关系不大.层状陶瓷较单层陶瓷具有较高的硬度、断裂韧性和强度.     

ZrO2含量对Al2O3/ZrO2复相陶瓷微观结构和力学性能的影响

本研究以耐磨结构陶瓷的应用为目标,研究了Al2O3-ZrO2复相陶瓷中加入不同的ZrO2陶瓷材料对微观结构及其力学性能的影响,分析了ZrO2在复相陶瓷中所起的作用.结果表明:随ZrO2含量的增加,在相同烧结温度下,晶粒变小,材料的力学性能提高.当ZrO2加入量为55％时,复相材料的抗折强度503MPa,断裂韧性12.80 MPa·m1/2,密度4.88 g·cm-3,硬度(HV)为1432 kg ·mm-2.探讨了Al2O3/ZrO2复相陶瓷的增韧机理.     

Microstructural evolution of supra-nanostructure Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic powders by combustion synthesis-spray cooling

Eutectic powders with fine microstructure are difficult to synthesize by crushing eutectic bulk because of the damage of crystal structure and the introduction of milling media during preparation process. In this work, a novel combustion synthesis-spray cooling (CSSC) method is developed to fabricate supra-nanostructure Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ eutectic powders. CSSC is a kind of self-heating technique, which simplifies operations, reduces costs and supplies ultra-high cooling rate. The phase composition and the microstructural evolution are investigated using experiment studies and ANSYS simulation. During the process, the t-ZrO₂ are stabilized at room temperature because of the solubility of Al₂O₃ in ZrO₂. The ultra-high cooling rate greatly refined eutectic structure. Although the eutectic structure coarsens with increases in particle size, the interphase spacing of all particles reaches supra nanoscale. The work provides a route for preparing supra-nanostructure Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ eutectic powders and for better understanding the microstructural evolution.     

纳米ZrO2(Al2O3)复合陶瓷的制备研究

以Al(NO3)3和ZrOCl2.8H2O为原料,采用化学共沉淀法合成了ZrO2/Al2O3复合粉体,并讨论了反应条件对样品的影响,通过DTA、XRD、分光光度计等手段对产品进行了表征,结果表明:采用合适的合成条件可以得到粒度分布均匀、粒径约30.1nm的ZrO2/Al2O3复合粉体。     

二氧化钛对黑色Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

以超微细a-氧化铝粉为主要原料,添加适量过渡金属氧化物以及不同分量的TiO2粉末,采用传统粉末冶金技术、干压烧结法制备了黑色Al2O3陶瓷。对制备工艺中的原料准备、压制成型、烧结过程进行了讨论,并对其导电性能进行了测试分析。实验结果表明：TiO2是一种良好的添加剂,它不仅可以降低烧成温度,还有利于Al2O3陶瓷黑色的形成,改善其电气性能。     

Al2O3-ZrO2系无收缩的致密陶瓷

研究了利用无机原料以反应烧结法合成Al2O3-ZrO2系无收缩的陶瓷的可能性。为使收缩率达到零,作为活性反应组分,除了ZrAl3金属间相之外,还利用了超细铝粉,后者是采用导线通过电爆破法制取的。查明,由于加入15%金属铝,使试样的几何尺寸变化几乎为零,此时制取的试样的气孔率<1.5%,强度达750MPa。     

ZrO2-Al2O3系增韧陶瓷人工关节的研究

本研究采用湿化学的方法分别制备了ZrO2-Y2O3-CeO2及Al2O3超细粉,然后按一定的比例混合两种超细粉,经造粒、等静压成型、煅烧制得ZrO2-Al2O3系陶瓷样品.采用XRD、SEM及MTS陶瓷试验系统及HVS-1000数显显微硬度计等现代测试手段,对样品的理化性能和微观结构进行了研究.结果表明,所研制的增韧陶瓷样品的抗弯强度达405.47MPa,断裂韧性为11.06MPa.m(1)/(2),硬度达1363kg/mm2.     

ZrO2对Al2O3-Mo金属陶瓷抗折强度的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备出Al2O3-Mo金属陶瓷,并结合显微结构及能谱分析研究了ZrO2的添加对Al2O3-Mo金属陶瓷抗折强度的影响.结果表明:zrOz对Al2O3-Mo金属陶瓷的抗折强度影响明显,添加2vol%ZrO2可使强度提高50%,添加10vol%ZrO2可实现金属陶瓷的抗折强度提高1倍;ZrO2主要通过相变增韧和微裂纹增韧基体Al2O3来实现对金属陶瓷的增韧.     

Insights into microstructural formation of pulse plasma semisolid to liquid processing of Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics

This present work concentrated on a novel one‐step pulse discharge plasma melting method, directly from a powder mixture of nano‐sized Al₂O₃–ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) to in situ fabricate Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ binary eutectic in a short processing time. A continuous transition from submicro‐sized polycrystalline to non‐equilibrium eutectic was traced based on pulse discharge plasma semisolid to liquid processing. The uniform colony microstructure with an average inter‐lamellar or inter‐rod spacing of ~200 nm was obtained at a growth rate of ~275 μm/s, and the inter‐lamellar or inter‐rod spacing was a good fit for the inverse‐square‐root dependence of the growth rate as λ_a = 3.32 × v^?1/2.     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能的影响

研究了Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能(高温抗折强度和抗热震性)的影响,并研究了这些性能与物相组成和显微结构间的关系.结果表明:Y2O3在Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料中起稳定ZrO2晶型、改善烧结致密化、提高高温抗折强度和抗热震性的作用.当Y2O3添加量为1%时,试样的烧结性能和高温抗折强度较佳,体积密度、显气孔率和线收缩率分别为3.27 g/cm3、21.95%和7.43%,高温抗折强度达29 MPa;抗热震性则在Y2O3添加量为0.5%时较佳,其残余强度保持率为71%.Y2O3对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结性能和热机械性能的影响与Y2O3/ZrO2固溶体的形成、Al2O3和ZrO2晶体间的结合程度及试样中微裂纹含量密切相关.     

用于二乙醇胺脱氢的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂的制备与表征

以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸铝和硝酸氧锆为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出了用于二乙醇胺脱氢制亚氨基二乙酸的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂,并用物理吸附(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对不同种类的铜基催化剂进行了表征,探讨了ZnO和Al2O3的不同比例对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,同时加入ZnO和Al2O3的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂具有大的比表面积,Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂具有非晶态结构。该催化剂适宜的反应条件为:w(NaOH)=30%、反应温度160℃、压力1.0 MPa,二乙醇胺转化率可达100%,亚氨基二乙酸收率可达95.61%。     

Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2系陶瓷的微观组织结构及强度性能

列出了对在Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-CeO_2(Al_2O_3 50%克分子)系中在粉料早期产物凝胶体合成的过程中,各组份的沉淀顺序对相关陶瓷材料的形态及微观组织结构的影响的研究结果。表明了陶瓷的强度和操作使用性能与微观组织结构尺寸因素之间的依存关系。查明,利用早期产物各组份同时沉淀的方法合成的粉料制造的刀具拥有更高的切削寿命。     

Role of scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al2O3‒ZrO2

Melt-grown Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ eutectic (AZ eutectic) ceramics have attracted extensive attention for harsh environment applications. In this work, AZ eutectic ceramic is additively manufactured via one-step laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The role of scanning speed on phase formation, crystallographic characteristics, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The as-fabricated specimens are mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃ and t-ZrO₂. Lower scanning speeds induced the formation of cellular structures consisting of randomly oriented ZrO₂. In contrast, nanometer eutectic lamellar structure with well-defined multiple crystallographic orientation relationships, for example, {10$\overline{1}$0} Al₂O₃ || {100} ZrO₂ and {0001} Al₂O₃ || {001} ZrO₂, occurred at higher scanning speeds. Both the cell size and lamellar spacing decreased with increasing scanning speed. With the microstructure refinement, the crack propagation mode changes from intergranular to transgranular fracture, leading to progressively enhanced fracture toughness with a maximum value of 7.76 MPa·m^1/2. The present work could shed light on tailoring the microstructure of LPBF AZ eutectic ceramic via varying processing parameters.     

负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3催化剂的制备

主要研究制备以大孔A12O3,为基载体的负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3,复合载体.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3,复合载体.利用比表面、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对载体催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:负载型纳米FeOZrOJhl203复合载体的比表面积达到76.53 sq·m/g,FeOZrO2/Al2O3,中的FeO粒子约为40nm,较Fe0/Al2O3中FeO的粒子(100nm)小且分布均匀.     

Mechanical properties up to 1900 K of Al2O3/Er3Al5O12/ZrO2 eutectic ceramics grown by the laser floating zone method

Directionally solidified Al₂O₃–Er₃Al₅O₁₂–ZrO₂ eutectic rods were processed using the laser floating zone method at growth rates of 25, 350 and 750 mm/h to obtain microstructures with different domain size. The mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the processing rate. The hardness, ∼15.6 GPa, and the fracture toughness, ∼4 MPa m^1/2, obtained from Vickers indentation at room temperature were practically independent of the size of the eutectic phases. However, the flexural strength increased as the domain size decreased, reaching outstanding strength values close to 3 GPa in the samples grown at 750 mm/h. A high retention of the flexural strength was observed up to 1500 K in the materials processed at 25 and 350 mm/h, while superplastic behaviour was observed at 1700 K in the eutectic rods solidified at the highest rate of 750 mm/h.     

添加Al2O3的Y-TZP基陶瓷材料研究及其应用前景

介绍了Y-TZP材料中引入Al2O3后,Al2O3对Y-TZP材料的烧结性、力学性能及老化性能的影响.简述了Al2O3/Y-TZP材料的显微结构分析及其韧性变化的理论估计.此种材料有广阔的应用前景.