黑小麦全粉的流变学特性及复配混粉馒头的品质研究

通过对黑小麦全粉、与对照样特精粉复配混粉的面筋数量与质量测定,对黑小麦全粉占10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%复配混粉进行流变学特性指标的测定及制作馒头成品以评价。结果表明:不同复配比例的混粉湿面筋数量表现比例越大含量越高;黑小麦全粉的流变学特性较差;复配混粉也都低于对照样特精粉的流变学指标;黑小麦全粉单独并不适合制作馒头,当复配比例在10%~15%时,馒头评价总分在80以上。     

麦麸膳食纤维对小麦粉糊化及凝胶质构特性的影响

为研究膳食纤维对淀粉糊化及凝胶质构的影响,本实验以2种不同筋力小麦粉为原料,添加麦麸膳食纤维,5个添加量处理,分析其小麦粉糊化特性、凝胶质构及其微观结构。结果表明:随麦麸膳食纤维添加量的增加,峰值粘度、低谷粘度、稀懈值、最终粘度和回生值等糊化特征参数均呈显著下降趋势,糊化时间和糊化温度的变化不明显,且没有规律性;添加膳食纤维显著降低了糊化凝胶的硬度、粘附性和咀嚼度(p<0.05),而弹性、内聚性和胶粘性未见显著变化;膳食纤维对2种不同筋力小麦粉糊化和凝胶质构特性的影响趋势基本一致;膳食纤维改变了面团和糊化凝胶体系的微观结构,可增加面团的紧致性,但会降低凝胶结构的致密性和均匀性。     

添加豆渣膳食纤维对不同小麦粉糊化特性、热力学性质及面团质构的影响

通过RVA、DSC和TPA分析了添加豆渣膳食纤维后不同小麦粉的性质,RVA结果分析表明,添加少量豆渣膳食纤维可使高筋粉和中筋粉糊化参数略有增加,而添加量增加到一定程度时,由于体系中淀粉分子数量减少,使小麦粉的黏度参数降低。DSC结果分析表明,豆渣膳食纤维的添加可以增大高筋粉和低筋粉的糊化温度,降低中筋粉的糊化温度,并且由于淀粉含量的减少,使三种小麦粉的糊化焓值均降低。TPA结果分析表明,添加膳食纤维对高筋粉来说,面团弹性、黏性和回复性略有降低,对低筋粉来说,面团弹性、黏性和回复性略有升高,而对中筋粉来说,面团弹性和回复性均升高,而黏性略有降低。     

麸皮的添加比例对全麦粉流变学特性的影响

研究添加不同比例麸皮对小麦粉流变学特性的影响。以国审强筋品种晋麦92号为原料,进行磨粉制得小麦粉,添加麸皮的比例分别为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%,纯小麦粉和纯麸皮分别作为阴性对照和阳性对照,采用电子粉质仪、电子拉伸仪和全自动吹泡仪等依照GB/T14614—2006、GB/T14615—2006和GB/T14614.4—2005对其进行流变学特性测定。结果表明,随着添加麸皮的比例由30%降低到5%,沉降值、粉质稳定时间和拉伸能量逐渐升高,高吹泡最大压力和Dmax逐渐降低,吹泡曲线长度、吹泡充气指数和吹泡形变能量均呈先降低后升高趋势,拉伸比例和吹泡曲线比值则是先升高后降低。麸皮添加比例为5%～25%的全麦粉均达到中筋乃至中强筋水平,可用于面条或馒头制作。     

Processing and characterization of durum wheat bread enriched with antioxidant from yellow pepper flour

The effect of the addition of yellow pepper flour on bread physico-chemical and sensorial properties was addressed in this study. In particular, vegetable flour concentration was set at 25%; in order to optimize the bread sensorial properties, yellow pepper flour was separately hydrated at three different water content levels. Texture analysis were carried out on both dough and bread samples to evaluate their firmness. Furthermore, tomographic analysis was performed on the same samples in order to provide a more detailed view of their texture. Estimation of the glycemic response, determination of the carotenoids content and sensory analysis of the fortified bread were also determined. Results highlighted that the highest glycemic index was achieved in bread sample having the highest water content and that showed the worst results in terms of texture. Among the studied samples, bread with medium hydration level showed good structural characteristic, double anti-oxidant content compared to the control bread (CTRL S) and the highest sensorial quality.     

小麦麸皮微波处理对全麦粉面筋品质和流变学特性的影响

目的 探讨小麦麸皮微波处理灭酶对全麦粉面筋品质特性和流变学特性的影响.方法 以中高筋小麦为原料,对麸皮微波处理后再回添到小麦粉中制得全麦粉,设置麸皮水分含量、微波处理时间和麸皮厚度3个变量因素,固定其中2个变量因素,探讨另1个变量因素对全麦粉中面筋特性和流变学特性的影响.结果 麸皮水分含量对湿面筋含量、面筋吸水率、面团...     

鸡枞全麦面粉试制及其特性

据现有文献资料试制鸡枞全麦面粉,主要研究预煮时间和接种方式及接种量确定,结果表明:预煮15 min可使麦粒水分含量适宜,经分装、灭菌后,接种1%～2%(V/W)液体菌种,在26℃恒温培养,菌丝体萌发速度快、长势好、生长迅速,在20 d可长满麦粒表面。长满菌丝体麦粒经烘干、粉碎后可得感官品质良好的鸡枞全麦面粉。特性测定结果显示,制得鸡枞全麦面粉较原麦全麦面粉蛋白质含量增加,而面筋含量和质量下降,适于制作蛋糕和糕点。     

细度对挤压麦麸理化特性及其全麦粉加工品质特性的影响

以挤压麦麸(粗麸、细麸、胚芽、次粉混合料)为原料,研究筛分细度(粒径44.15~198.48μm)对挤压麦麸的理化特性及其全麦粉加工品质特性的影响。结果表明:随着筛分目数的增加,挤压麦麸的粒径范围分布变窄;筛分细度对其戊聚糖、阿魏酸含量的影响较大;对其持水性、溶胀性的影响较小,对全麦粉的糊化特性、粉质特性的影响较小;挤压处理麦麸混合料可获得较均一的麦麸产品。     

蜡质玉米粉的糊化特性研究

为了解蜡质玉米粉及其不同制粉方法对糊化特性的影响,测定了干磨、湿磨、挤压制蜡质玉米粉以及蜡质玉米淀粉、糯米粉的溶胀度和RVA参数。结果表明:蜡质玉米粉糊化进程中溶胀度高,水合能力强,具有较高的糊化参数。不同品种蜡质玉米粉的破损值、谷值、峰值和终黏度的变异程度较大,蜡质玉米粉的峰值与谷值、终粘度和回生值、谷值与回生值、谷值与终粘度、终粘度与回生值均呈极显著正相关。湿法制粉糊化进程中水合能力强,主要RVA参数显著高于干法制粉和挤压制粉,具备很强的成糊能力和黏滞性,干法制粉成糊后稳定较好,抗老化性较强,挤压制粉的糊化进程不明显。     

生物酶对玉米面粉糊化性质的影响

采用蛋白酶、脱支酶、乳酸菌胞外酶处理玉米面粉,用RVA测其糊化曲线,筛选出对糊化性质有所改善的生物酶及其用量,并分析其改良机理。结果表明:蛋白酶可明显改善原面粉的糊化性质,其回生值和破损值都减小;脱支酶的作用效果不明显;乳酸菌胞外酶在一定浓度下也可以改善面粉的糊化性质。     

应用超微粉碎技术制备全麦粉

该文报道应用超微粉碎技术制备全麦粉生产工艺。通过对各种麸皮粉碎研究,得到最佳工艺条件:各类麸皮在-10℃时,经6～10 min超细粉碎,通过100目筛,便可作为全麦粉生产添加原料之一。     

Milling and flour pasting properties of waxy endosperm mutant lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

Two waxy endosperm mutant lines, K107Wx1 and K107Wx2, derived from a bread wheat cultivar, Kanto 107, had a lower flour yield in test milling and a lower peak temperature in flour pasting measurement than their parent. Starch content in the kernel of waxy mutants was low, while fat and (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐D‐glucan content was high compared with cv Kanto 107, but protein content was similar for all of them. Waxy mutants had less α‐amylase activity than their non‐waxy parent, and had lower peak viscosity of flour paste in the pasting medium of water. A pasting test in silver nitrate solution increased peak viscosity in both waxy and non‐waxy flours. The viscosity of waxy flour paste rapidly increased above 60°C, while that of non‐waxy flour paste increased gradually at 60–80°C. The difference in pasting behaviour was attributed to the presence of amylose in starch granules. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同储藏时间米糠制备膳食纤维对米粉糊化和凝胶性质的影响

将米糠储藏0、1、3、5、10 d后制备的米糠不溶性膳食纤维(rice bran insoluble dietary fiber,RBIDF)添加到米粉中,研究不同储藏时间米糠制备的RBIDF对米粉糊化和凝胶性质的影响。结果表明,当RBIDF添加量相同时,随着米糠储藏时间的延长,米粉的峰值黏度呈先上升后略微下降的趋势,在米糠储藏第5天时达到最大值,回生值逐渐上升,峰值时间和糊化温度先下降后上升,分别在米糠储藏5 d和3 d达到最小值;储能模量在米粉凝胶形成阶段和米粉凝胶形成后阶段都呈上升趋势,损耗角正切在米粉凝胶形成后阶段先减小后增大,在米糠储藏5 d达到最小值;硬度、回复性、胶着性、咀嚼度先增大后减小,黏附性先减小后增大,均在米糠储藏3 d达到极值。相关性分析结果表明,米糠毛油酸值与米粉的峰值黏度呈显著(P 0. 05)正相关,与峰值时间和糊化温度呈极显著(P 0. 01)负相关,与回生值和米糠储藏时间呈极显著(P 0. 01)正相关。     

Dough properties and breadmaking qualities of whole waxy wheat flour and effects of additional enzymes

BACKGROUND: Waxy wheat, a new kind of genetically back‐crossed wheat, was applied to make whole bread in this study. Dough properties and bread quality of the whole waxy wheat flour, which was milled from 100% whole grains containing bran and germ, were determined. RESULTS: Whole waxy wheat had lower protein and lipid contents but higher dietary fiber content than whole regular wheat flour. Pasting temperature and viscosity of the whole waxy wheat flour were significantly lower than those of the whole regular wheat. However, the white wheat flour milled from wheat grains with 48% recovery had significantly higher peak viscosity than the whole waxy wheat. Bread made from the whole waxy wheat flour was significantly softer than that from the whole regular wheat flour during storage. However, bread made from whole waxy wheat had significantly lower specific volume than that from the white waxy flour because of the high amount of dietary fiber. Addition of cellulase increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties and reduced the firmness of the bread. The addition of pentosanase also increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties, improved loaf volume of bread but increased the firmness of breadcrumbs, while the addition of α‐amylase only increased final viscosity of flour and did not affect dough properties and bread qualities of whole waxy wheat flour. CONCLUSION: As a result, waxy wheat shows superior properties for making whole breads. Additional enzymes are also necessary to improve bread quality and nutritive values of whole waxy bread. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

全麦粉生产与稳定化国内外研究进展

综述了全麦粉国内外生产、稳定化研究进展,以及国内外全麦粉相关标准现状。