造纸污泥深度脱水干化研究进展

系统介绍了造纸污泥调理、脱水及干化的基本方法,重点讨论了造纸污泥干化技术及应用实例。污泥脱水干化是造纸污泥实现资源化处理处置的前提条件。选用合理的污泥调理、脱水和干化方法,降低污泥含水率,减少污泥体积,既减轻了造纸污泥对环境产生的不良影响,又为造纸企业节约了大量的能耗,实现资源化利用。     

制浆造纸污泥处理的方法及工艺特点

针对制浆造纸工业废水处理中污泥的性质指标及常规处置方法的状况,介绍了机械半干化污泥焚烧处置技术,主要包括污泥一级脱水处理的系统工艺路线及主要设备,污泥二级处理的干化焚烧系统装置及技术特性,并对该工艺运行费用、社会环境效益进行了分析和总结。通过各个行业的生产应用,以两级处理为主线的污泥处理工艺,具有工艺合理、运行成本低、系统操作弹性大、处理能力大、系统装置投资小、二次污染小等特点,在造纸废水处理中的污泥处置领域前景广阔。     

污水厂污泥深度脱水及处置

一家集中式污水处理厂产生的污泥原采用板框压滤至含水率80%左右送固废处理中心填埋。随着近几年环保政策对污泥处置要求不断提高,在2011年完成了对污泥的深度脱水工程,干化污泥含水率达到45-55%,污泥量降低65%左右。后进一步对脱水污泥进行锅炉焚烧试验,取得了良好的效果,有效实现了污泥的减量化、无害化、资源化。实践出了一条污泥的有效处置途径,解决了目前同类型污水厂污泥的最终出路,具有实际借鉴意义。     

华章污泥干化机暨造纸污泥处置项目推介会在东莞召开

中国造纸学会主持召开的“华章污泥干化机暨造纸污泥处置项目推介会”于11月18日在广东东莞举行,来自全国各地造纸及相关企业的领导、专家和技术管理人员等70余人出席了会议。造纸工业污泥的处置是造纸厂污染治理的一个重要环节,污泥处置技术装备的开发应用一直是造纸工业的热点课题。作为解决造纸污泥问题的一种成功实践,浙江华章科技有限公司和东莞建晖纸业有限公司合作开发了造纸污泥处理处置技术,实现了污泥的减量化处理;目前该项目已投入生产,连续稳定运行10个多月,并取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。为推介他们的先进技术和运行经验,中国造纸学会决定在广东召开造纸污泥处置技术推介会。     

羟基自由基在污泥减量上的应用研究

污泥减量设备通过强氧化自由基-羟基自由基的强氧化性对污泥分解氧化,从而达到污泥减量的目的。本研究通过对常州化工园区某企业污水站好氧污泥的减量实验,定量揭示羟基自由基对好氧污泥的减量效果,以期为污泥减量设备的推广应用提供理论和实践依据。     

造纸污泥半干化脱水试验研究

为了满足环保要求与节约成本,造纸污泥在最终处置前的深度脱水是非常重要的。在本研究中,首先用半干化带式压榨机对草浆制浆沉淀污泥和生化污泥进行了脱水试验,结果表明,生化污泥的可压缩性低于草浆制浆沉淀污泥的,同时分析并解决了脱水设备运行过程中出现的一些问题。草浆制浆沉淀污泥和脱墨污泥的进一步中试脱水试验表明,随着污泥处理量增加,出料干度与脱水率降低,这两种污泥干度均达到50%以上。另外,对生化污泥的半干化脱水技术进行了展望,希望该文能为造纸污泥的深度脱水提供参考。     

生物沥浸工艺在污泥深度处理中的应用研究

传统的带式脱水机处理的剩余污泥含水率为70%-80%,而目前垃圾填埋场对污泥的准入原则要求含水率在60%以下。因此带式脱水机所处理后的剩余污泥在存放,运输及最终处置方面都存在较大的困难。而生物沥浸工艺通过生物化学方法对污泥进行深度处理,最终由板框压滤机对深度处理后的污泥进行物理压榨。这样所得的泥饼含水率降为60%以下,不仅使污泥的存放及运输更为便利,并降低了运输成本,更为污泥的最终处置达到资源化利用提供了有力保障。     

造纸污泥做有机肥的尝试

本文介绍了河北某生物科技公司利用造纸污泥做有机肥的生产经验。生产实践显示,采用好氧堆肥(生物干化)技术,解决了造纸污泥难以低成本快速脱水问题;造纸污泥与秸秆粉和鸡粪合理搭配可以制成精制有机肥,田间试验结果表明,使用该有机肥可以减少化肥用量;造纸污泥堆肥的长期施用对土壤重金属的累积量和作物中累积行为还需要进一步研究。     

好氧生物处理除去造纸废水中的木素

木素是不易生物降解的,但是采用连续或间歇好氧反应器生物处理造纸工厂废水,能够降低溶解木素的浓度。试验结果表明:木素通过生物降解或吸附在生物污泥上而被除去,试验采用在好氧生物反应器中污泥停留时间分别为10、15、20、30和40d,并用热解气相色谱法和质谱光谱法测定了液体中与不同停留时间污泥试样中木素的含量。通过测定发现,有一种情况是木素吸附在活性污泥上的量为≤30%,意味着这种活性污泥具有极好的吸附木素的性能,通过洗涤污泥可达到除去木素的目的。在好氧生物反应器中,污泥停留时间为20d可以达到最大的除去木素的效果。(姚光裕…     

水泥窑协同处置印染废水污泥的优化脱水方式

水泥窑协同处置印染废水污泥,可利用污泥中的热值与有用组分。但污泥浓缩脱水后含水率仍在80%左右,直接进水泥窑处置会消耗大量热量,影响水泥生产正常工况。对不同脱水方式的分析比较发现,机械深度脱水和石灰稳定脱水方式,工艺过程和操作相对简单、效果稳定;间接干化和直接-间接联合干化方式,能有效避免污泥干化时臭气对环境的影响;将这二者组合,能够降低协同处置过程中烘干阶段及入窑后的热力成本,可为水泥工业协同处置印染废水污泥提供技术参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the