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小麦面筋蛋白结构及其改性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
小麦面筋蛋白是生产小麦淀粉时副产品,具有价格低廉、产量大等特点。小麦面筋蛋白因分子量大、结构复杂、溶解性低而使其应用受限,因此在认识小麦面筋蛋白结构基础上,研究其结构及性能方面改性方法,对拓宽小麦面筋蛋白应用和缓解小麦过饱和问题都大有裨益。 相似文献
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Hydrolyzed wheat gluten (GH, 77–85% protein) was prepared by limited chymotrypsin digestion at 37 °C for 4 h (degree of hydrolysis = 6.4%) and 15 h (degree of hydrolysis = 10.3%). Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) treatment (55 °C for 1 h, or 5 °C for 18 h) effect on the solubility and structural characteristics of GH was examined under selected food processing conditions (pH 4.0–7.0, 0–0.6 M NaCl). The MTGase treatment increased solubility of GH by 3–29-fold (P < 0.05) within pH 4.0–7.0. Addition of 0.6 M NaCl or changing the conditions of MTGase incubation did not significantly alter solubility characteristics of GH. The MTGase treatment decreased surface hydrophobicity, and increased carboxyl groups in GH, suggesting cross-linking and deamidation. Fluorescence and UV spectra attributed the improved GH solubility to MTGase-induced polar environment, and partial masking of some nonpolar aromatic amino acids possibly due to high-molecular-weight polypeptides formed. 相似文献
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为了改善谷朊粉在水溶液中的物化性能,利用碱性蛋白酶对谷朊粉进行了有限水解。通过单因素实验,分析了底物浓度、反应温度、加酶量和反应时间对其分散稳定性、胶黏性的影响,并分析了酶解物中的蛋白质分子粒径。通过正交实验确定了以提高谷朊粉分散特性和胶黏性为目的的最佳酶解条件为:底物浓度0.30g/mL、温度50℃、加酶量0.50%、反应时间20min,此时可使谷朊粉的相对分散稳定性达到96.3%,黏度为3.2mPa.s,蛋白质平均分子粒径604.6nm。分析显示,不同酶解样品分散稳定性、黏度和蛋白质平均分子粒径三种指标之间的变化趋势并不完全一致。 相似文献
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为探讨TGase酶对大豆与小麦混合蛋白凝胶性质的影响,本文研究了小麦蛋白的加入前后混合蛋白凝胶功能性质的变化规律。通过研究TGase酶添加量、反应温度、反应pH对混合蛋白凝胶特性的影响可知:蛋白浓度为11%(11 g/100 mL)保持不变,TGase酶添加量为30 U/g,反应温度为40℃,反应pH为7.0时,TGase酶对混合蛋白凝胶特性改善效果最强。对比小麦蛋白加入前后蛋白凝胶的性质,发现小麦蛋白的添加使得蛋白结构的β-折叠含量升高,游离巯基含量减少,凝胶弹性模量(G’)增强,形成了更为多空且紧密有序的三维网络结构,使得混合蛋白的凝胶性能显著增强(p<0.05)。 相似文献
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小麦面筋蛋白组成、结构和功能特性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
小麦面筋蛋白(俗称谷朊粉)主要由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,其蛋白组成和结构是影响小麦面团特性和烘焙品质重要因素。该文对小麦面筋蛋白组成、结构进行综述,以更清楚了解其结构对功能性影响。 相似文献
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Ángela Bravo‐Nuñez Marta Sahagún Paula Martínez Manuel Gómez 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2018,53(6):1452-1458
This study aims to establish how the substitution of wheat flour by high levels (15%, 30% and 45%) of gluten or hydrolysed gluten proteins affects sugar‐snap cookies properties. An increase in water‐binding capacity was observed when proteins were present. An increase in the dough elastic modulus was observed for gluten protein, but it decreased when hydrolysed gluten protein was used. Regarding the physical characteristics of the cookies, for the same protein percentage, the presence of gluten protein decreased spread ratio and increased hardness, while hydrolysed gluten protein increased spread ratio and yielded darker cookies without modifying the hardness. As for sensory characteristics, taste was negatively influenced by hydrolysed protein and visual acceptability was enhanced when gluten protein was present. Overall acceptability was decreased for the highest levels of hydrolysed gluten protein. Nevertheless, the highest levels of gluten protein did not modify the acceptability. 相似文献
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小麦面筋蛋白来源广泛,价格低廉,是良好的植物蛋白资源。综述了小麦面筋蛋白的改性技术,分别介绍了物理方法、化学方法、生物酶法以及基因工程法,不同的改性方法对小麦面筋蛋白的功能特性均有了较大程度的改变。对不同的改性方法的优缺点也做了简要描述。从国内外的研究情况来看小麦面筋蛋白的应用前景是十分广阔的。 相似文献
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聚丙烯酸钠对小麦面筋蛋白流变学性能影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用AR1000型流变仪考察聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)对小麦面筋蛋白改性的最佳工艺条件及改性前后流变学性能变化。结果表明,聚丙烯酸钠改性小麦面筋蛋白最佳工艺条件为,盐配比(Na2CO3∶K2CO3)=1∶9(w/w)、盐添加量1.0%、碱(NaOH)添加量1.0%、PAANa添加量0.04%、磁力搅拌时间60 min。动态实验中,改性前后小麦面筋蛋白临界应力分别为:当频率为10 Hz时,改性前后小麦面筋蛋白储能模量与损耗模量分别为4622 Pa、1723 Pa和76800 Pa、12384 Pa;稳态实验中,当蠕变5.5 min时,改性前后小麦面筋蛋白形变分别为11.06%和4.34%。恢复阶段中,当恢复到形变为3%时,改性前样品在实验时间内未能达到;而改性后小麦面筋蛋白恢复到此变形仅需6.2 min。由此可得出,聚丙烯酸钠优化小麦面筋蛋白品质。 相似文献
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小麦面筋蛋白的性质和转谷氨酰胺酶对其成膜性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以小麦面筋蛋白为研究对象,探讨小麦面筋蛋白的性质,转谷氨酰胺酶的作用和制备条件对膜性能的影响。结果表明,酶用量为20U/g,反应时间为120min,pH为11,甘油/谷朊粉1:2.5,塑料平板作为成膜介质和乙醇体积分数均为40%~50%时,膜的抗拉强度增加51%,阻水性提高23%,透光率提高了5.48倍。扫描电镜显示膜的超微结构更加细致光滑。说明蛋白质的性质对其成膜性能的影响至关重要,酶处理有助于改善膜的机械性能和透光性,选择合理的制备条件,可得到性能优良的小麦面筋蛋白膜。 相似文献
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Jing Zhan Sen Ma Xiao-Xi Wang Li Li Xue-ling Zheng 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2019,54(10):2839-2846
The effect of baked wheat germ (BWG) on the gluten network structure in steam bread dough was investigated. The secondary structure, free sulphydryl (-SH) content, disulphide (-SS-) bonds content and microstructure of gluten were analysed to evaluate gluten structural changes. The addition of different amounts of BWG (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%) in dough resulted in decreased content of α-helix and β-sheet structures, but increased random coils, which indicated that a disordered structure was formed. The presence of BWG increased the -SH content but decreased the -SS- bonds content, which indicated fracture of disulfide bonds. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis indicated that steamed bread dough containing BWG had larger-sized gas cell and granules of starch separated by the protein matrix, which weakened the gluten network structure. These changes may inevitably affect the viscoelastic properties of steamed bread dough. 相似文献
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为探究木薯淀粉和谷朊粉对保湿熟面条品质的影响,本实验分别研究了木薯淀粉和谷朊粉对混合粉湿面筋含量、糊化特性和析水率的影响。通过单因素实验,以面条质构特性和感官评价为依据,得到了木薯淀粉和谷朊粉的最优配比。结果表明:适量添加木薯淀粉可以降低混合粉的湿面筋含量和析水率,提高糊化特性,改善面条品质;适量添加谷朊粉会提高其湿面筋含量,改善面条品质,但对析水率和糊化特性的影响较小;当木薯淀粉和谷朊粉添加量分别为5%和2%时,面条质构特性和感官评分(90分)最优。 相似文献