Health status of women in the U.S. military.

Examined health-related issues concerning women in the military (i.e., pregnancy-related conditions, physical injuries and capabilities, stress-related disorders). It is noted that the most frequent reason for being hospitalized among Navy women who enlisted from 1974–1979 was for a pregnancy-related condition. Comparisons of injury-related hospitalizations indicated that these women had the highest hospitalization rates across occupational groups and pay grades. Women assigned to nontraditional jobs had somewhat higher admission rates for injuries than women in traditional jobs. Rates for injury- and stress-related conditions tended to decrease with increasing pay grade levels. Programs designed to improve women's physical conditioning, enhance job-related capabilities, and expand their opportunities are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A quantitative assessment of forest-hardening in f.c.c. metals

Macroplastic deformation results from the long-distance movement of dislocations. In singlephase crystals it implies cutting the dislocation forest traversing the slip plane of the running dislocations and, as a consequence of the non-regular distribution of the “trees”, dislocation loops are left around the harder islands in their slip planes. The dislocation length so stored represents an increment of the obstacle density already present in other non-coplanar slip systems and thus contributes to their work-hardening. This work presents quantitative results on the contribution by forest cutting in a f.c.c. metal upon flow stress and work hardening rate. It has been obtained by computer simulation of dislocation glide through a mixture of punctual and linear obstacles whose strengths reproduce approximately the strength spectrum of a f.c.c. forest as derived by Shoeck and Frydman. Simulations have been conducted for random arrays of obstacles and for more realistic spatial dislocation distributions (cells, subgrains). Both the flow stress (and its temperature and strain rate dependence) and the athermal work-hardening rate so obtained are in good agreement with those measured for f.c.c. polycrystals in experiments covering up to large strains.     

Rate of forgetting in H.M.: 6-month recognition.

Picture-recognition performance of H.M. and 6 controls was evaluated 6 mo after initial learning, using materials from an earlier study in which the S received additional study time in order to equate his yes–no and delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) performance 10 min after learning to that of control Ss. In the present study, 6-mo recognition performance was assessed with no intervening exposure to target items. The S performed at chance levels when tested using the standard yes–no recognition procedure. When the yes–no procedure was modified so that distractor stimuli required positive responses, performance was comparable with that of controls. In addition, the S's DMS and delayed-nonmatch-to-sample performance were comparable with that of controls 6 mo after learning. Conclusions regarding the S's 6-mo recognition performance are thus dependent on the procedures used to assess memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The work of psychologists in the U.S. Intelligence community.

This reviews articles in a special issue (Civiello, 2009) of the Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research on applications of psychology in the U.S. intelligence and military contexts. It identifies some common themes of the articles, as well as provides individual critiques of them. In general, the reviewer notes that the articles focus more on the current and desired state conditions than on the strategies, process, and mechanisms that might have been employed to obtain those desired states. This suggests that embedded psychologists might adopt a socio-technical-structural systems perspective and attempt to expand their specialized roles to include consulting on organizational change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study of the h.c.p.-f.c.c. phase transition in cobalt by acoustic measurements

Acoustic measurements have been performed in the vicinity of the h.c.p.-f.c.c. phase transition in cobalt. The main results are the following: At low frequency (~ 1 Hz), a high transitory internal friction peak is observed. It is shown that this internal friction is a function of T/vT temperature rate, v vibration frequency) but is not proportional to T/v. This behavior is explained in the framework of a recent model based on a Clausius-Clapeyron-like equation expressing the coupling between stress and phase transition; At medium (~5 KHz) and high (~ 20 MHz) frequencies, the transitory internal friction becomes negligible. However, a small peak appears accompanied by an elastic modulus decrease. It is shown that these anomalies are related to the shear modes parallel to the transformation plane. Thus, they might be related to the motion of the partial dislocations composing the h.c.p.-f.c.c. interface.     

Overview no. 96 evolution of f.c.c. deformation structures in polyslip

The microstructural evolution during polyslip in f.c.c. metals in investigated by the examples of Al, Ni, NiCo alloys and an AlMg alloy, deformed at room temperature either by rolling or by torsion. The principles governing this evolution appears to be the following: (a) There are differences in the number and selection of simultaneously acting slip systems among neighboring volume elements of individual grains. In any one volume element (called a cell block), the number of slip systems falls short of that required for homogeneous (Taylor) deformation, but groups of neighboring cell blocks fulfil the Taylor criterion collectively. (b) The dislocations are trapped into low-energy dislocation structures in which neigboring dislocations mutually screen their stresses. The microstructural evolution at small strains progresses by the subdivision of grains into cell blocks delineated by dislocation boundaries. These boundaries accomodate the lattice misorientations, which result from glide on different slip system combinations in neighbouring cell blocks. The cell blocks are subdivided into ordinary cells and both cell blocks and cells shrink with increasing strain. All observations appear to be in good accord with the theoretical interpretation. However, some problems remain to be solved quantitatively.     

Zoonoses in Vojvodina. I. Epidemiologic characteristics of tetanus in Vojvodina

Epidemiologic characteristics of tetanus in Voivodina were analyzed on the basis of reported cases of sickness or death, during the period from 1962 to 1991, and epidemiologic investigation on 35 sick persons suffering from tetanus during the last 5 years. By compulsory immunization against tetanus this disease is practically eliminated at the age when one is protected by immunity vaccine. Abandoning domiciliary childbirth neonatorum tetanus has been eliminated. Today tetanus occurs sporadically as a result of small, naive injuries, mostly in nonimmunized elderly people. Considering number of the sick, in 6.1% it happens to persons older than 60 years of age. Tetanus remains a health problem because of its high lethality, which is statistically significantly higher in older patients. On the basis of gathered results it is realistic to expect that applying compulsory immunization against tetanus to older people in 10 year intervals will not eliminate this disease, but it will significantly reduce lethality which is still about 25% in Voivodina.     

Helping in 36 U.S. cities.

A series of experiments examined the relationship of urbanism to helping. Six types of helping behaviors were studied in a cross-sample of 36 small, medium, and large cities across the United States. The relationship of helping to a series of statistics reflecting the demographic, social, environmental, and economic characteristics of these communities was then examined. The strongest and most consistent predictor of overall helping was population density. There were significant correlations between economic indicators and helping in 3 situations. Helping in some situations also tended to be negatively related to violent crime rates and to environmental problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the origin of planar slip in f.c.c. alloys

The origin of planar slip in single-phase and precipitation-hardened f.c.c. alloys is discussed in detail. It is shown that pronounced short range order (SRO) or short range clustering (SRC) in solid solutions are the main reasons causing planar slip. Since the leading dislocations destroy SRO (SRC), glide plane softening occurs; therefore, a yield point or a point of inflection is observed on the stress-strain curve. In precipitation-hardened alloys finely dispersed particles with an atomic order also give rise to planar slip. Distinct planar slip occurs when cross slip is planar too. Other parameters, like a low value of the stacking fault energy or a high value of the yield stress, seem to be only of minor importance for the formation of pronounced planar slip.     

Mechanisms of slip mode modification in F.C.C. solid solutions

While it is widely recognized that alloy factors other than stacking fault energy play a role in promoting planarity of slip, no detailed model has been advanced to explain the mechanism of planar vs wavy slip mode. Therefore, friction stress effects of alloying on disolcation behavior are reviewed, as well as the role of stacking fault structure in inhibiting the clustering of dislocations in planar slip metal. A model of cross-slip inhibition (and thus planar slip behavior) is developed from the idea that the joining of partials is resisted by frictional effects. Planarity of slip is promoted not only by low stacking fault energy but by increase in shear modulus, atomic size misfit and solute content. A critical solute concentration is predicted by the model for the transition from wavy slip to planar slip and this is shown to be in good agreement with observations for copper base solid solutions and other alloy systems.     

Inhibition of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping by i.c.v. and i.t. administration of saline in morphine-dependent mice

In morphine-dependent mice, s.c. and i.t. administered naloxone produced withdrawal jumping (ED50 values were i.t. = s.c.) but i.c.v. administered naloxone failed to produce dose-dependent jumping. Peak times of jumping were earliest after i.t. administration of naloxone among the three administration routes. These results suggested that the spinal site was more sensitive to naloxone than the supraspinal site. Concomitant administration of naloxone i.c.v. and i.t. did not precipitate jumping. It was found that i.c.v. and i.t. injections of saline inhibited withdrawal jumping precipitated by s.c. administered naloxone and that the i.c.v. effect was more profound than the i.t. effect. I.c.v. injection of saline also delayed the peak time of withdrawal jumping precipitated by s.c. administered naloxone. These inhibitory effects of the injection procedures may explain the difficulty of i.c.v. administered naloxone and concomitant i.c.v. + i.t. administered naloxone to precipitate jumping, and may explain the difference in the ED50 values of naloxone and the time courses of jumping.