低脂低糖曲奇饼的研制

以蔗糖酯和菊粉混合物代替部分油脂,以甜菊糖和赤藓糖醇混合物代替部分白砂糖,以降低曲奇本身的油脂量和糖量。研究结果表明,当面粉100 g,白砂糖15 g,黄油48 g,油脂替代物12 g,蔗糖替代物7 g,得到的曲奇饼干质量最佳,口感和风味与传统曲奇接近,其中油脂替代物中菊粉和蔗糖酯的混合物比例为4∶6,蔗糖替代物中甜菊糖和赤藓糖醇的混合物比例为1∶30。     

不同蔗糖添加方案对假丝酵母发酵的影响

为了提高假丝酵母发酵过程中的产量,本实验进行了发酵研究,确定了最佳发酵装液量为50mL,接种量为10%.并在装液量为50mL,接种量为10%的250mL锥形瓶中,进行了4组蔗糖添加方案:a.每1h添加0.25g蔗糖(流加液0.25mL);b.每2h添加0.5g蔗糖(流加液0.5mL);c.每3h添加0.75g蔗糖(流加液0.75mL);d.每4h添加1g蔗糖(流加液1mE).第一次添加蔗糖后,隔4h再添加蔗糖,添加24h后,培养基蔗糖总浓度达到100g/L,停止添加,继续培养48h,测干重,结果方案a得到的假丝酵母产量最高.     

脆肉鲩低温相变区热特性的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪,研究脆肉鲩鱼肉在低温相变区的冰点、表观比热和热焓以及NaCl、NaCl 与蔗糖混合物添加量对脆肉鲩热特性的影响。结果表明,脆肉鲩鱼肉的冻结相变温区为－ 12.5～－ 11℃,熔融相变温区为－ 1.9～0.1℃,冰点为－ 0.2℃,冰点的表观比热和热焓值分别为130.56J/g·℃、305.57J/g。随着NaCl、NaCl和蔗糖混合物添加量的增加,脆肉鲩肌肉的相变温区向低温方向移动,冰点的表观比热和热焓值下降。鱼肉中NaCl添加量较低时,添加蔗糖可减缓相变温度的下降,当NaCl 添加量大于2% 时,添加蔗糖对鱼肉相变区温度的影响不大,NaCl 起主导作用。     

含10%果料的水果糖

操作步骤: 1.将A组中的果胶、蔗糖和柠檬酸钠粉末充分混合均匀。 2.将A组中的果泥(或果汁)和水放入锅中。 3.将以上的果胶混合物在不断搅拌的情况下加入锅中,以防结块。     

相溶法蔗糖酯的合成与分析

由食用大豆油和蔗糖为原料,在一定的工艺条件下制备的蔗糖酯,通过高效液相色谱分析,证明本试验合成的蔗糖酯主要以低酯为主。由峰面积可计算出甲酯为17．34％,蔗糖酯为82．66％。由紫外吸收光谱分析证明试验制备的蔗糖酯属于混合物,红外光谱的分析是分子中存在羰基的有力证据。     

甘蔗的农工业有机残余物在受控条件下的生物分解作用

据巴西报道,用蔗渣、酒糟和滤泥制备两种混合物,即蔗渣加酒糟(1:2)和蔗渣、酒糟加滤泥(1:1:1)。这些混合物用作堆肥的基质。在28℃下,控制土壤的水分为60×10~(-2)。分别用加与不加硫酸铵和石膏的的办法,对碳氮比和 pH 值作修正或不修正。使这些混合物沤制三个月。只有     

不同类型的碱对三氯蔗糖合成过程中氯代液中和效果的影响

蔗糖的DMF溶液与原酸酯在对甲苯磺酸的催化下生成蔗糖-4-乙酸酯和蔗糖-6-乙酸酯的混合物,在特丁胺作用下,将4-乙酸酯转换为6-乙酸酯,蔗糖-6-乙酸酯在DMF溶液中,由DMF和氯化亚砜制备的vilsmeier试剂作为氯化试剂生成的氯代液,分别用氢氧化钠的水溶液、氢氧化钾的水溶液、氨水、三乙胺进行后处理.通过中和后溶...     

原酸酯法制备蔗糖-6-乙酸酯的研究

三氯蔗糖是性能最为优良的高甜度甜味剂之一。蔗糖-6-乙酸酯是合成三氧蔗糖的关键中间体。采用蔗糖的DMF溶液或悬浮液与原酸酯在对甲苯磺酸的催化下合成蔗糖-4，6-原酸酯，在微酸性条件下水解生成蔗糖-4-乙酸酯和蔗糖-6-乙酸酯的混合物，在碱作用下。将4-乙酸酯转换为6-乙酸酯。最佳反应条件是：对甲笨磺酸6mg／g蔗糖。水10mL／100mLDMF，特丁胺2．5ml／100mLDMF，酰基迁移时间70min。     

重组果聚糖蔗糖酶的发酵优化及应用

为了研究不同条件下重组短小芽孢杆菌产果聚糖蔗糖酶的最适条件以及利用重组酶转化蔗糖-乳糖制备低聚乳果糖的最适转化条件。以前期构建的产果聚糖蔗糖酶重组短小芽孢杆菌Brevibacillus brevis/pNCMO2-lsc作为菌种,通过单因素试验以及正交试验确定其最适产酶的发酵培养基为:葡萄糖20 g/L、氮源(工业酵母粉∶棉籽粉=2∶1,质量比)为40 g/L、CaCl_20.5 mmol/L,最适产酶温度30℃。在最优条件下发酵培养,果聚糖蔗糖酶的酶活可达62.1 U/mL,是优化前的3.69倍。利用该重组果聚糖蔗糖酶转化蔗糖-乳糖制备低聚乳果糖,在蔗糖和乳糖质量浓度均为200 g/L情况下,确定其最适转化条件:反应温度35℃,pH 6.0,加酶量为2 U/g底物,反应8 h后低聚乳果糖转化率可达39.1%。     

两种糖对食品胶—马铃薯淀粉物理特性的影响

利用快速黏度分析法、质构分析法、离心法、冻融循环等方法研究蔗糖和葡萄糖对5种食品胶—马铃薯淀粉混合物糊化、凝胶、膨润、冻融稳定性等物理特性的影响.结果表明:添加糖类后,食品胶—马铃薯淀粉混合物的糊化温度、溶解度、冻融稳定性均显著升高,膨胀势显著降低,持水力则基本不变.亚麻多糖、卡拉胶、黄原胶与马铃薯淀粉混合物的峰值黏度、末值黏度随糖的添加而显著升高.与不加糖的对照样品相比,添加糖的亚麻多糖—马铃薯淀粉混合物的凝胶硬度显著升高,黄原胶—马铃薯淀粉混合物的凝胶硬度则显著降低.添加蔗糖基本不影响食品胶—马铃薯淀粉混合物的衰减值,但添加葡萄糖则导致食品胶—马铃薯淀粉混合物的衰减值显著升高.     

Study of Two Pools of Glycogen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their Role in Fermentation Performance

Glycogen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is present in two pools as cell wall bound and intracellular glycogen. The content of the cell wall bound glycogen was found to be almost three times higher than the intracellular glycogen. The content varied with the sugar concentration in the medium and an optimum value of 22.11 mg glycogen/g yeast was observed for the cell wall bound glycogen, while it was 7 mg/g yeast for the intracellular glycogen at a 12% medium sugar content. The two pools also varied with fermentation time reaching an optimal value at 36 h of fermentation. The cell wall bound glycogen was reduced by 85% during the first three hours after pitching, when sugar uptake was minimal and started to accumulate when almost 50% of the medium sugar was utilized. It was the cell wall bound glycogen that correlated with fermentation performance. Cells grown in 8% sugar content and rich in cell wall bound glycogen, when pitched into a 1% sugar medium showed an enhancement in ethanol content by 21%. The depletion of glycogen also affected fermentation performance.     

RELEASE OF PHOSPHATE BY FERMENTING BREWER'S YEAST

When brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces carisbergensis) was pitched into a solution of fermentable sugar, phosphate, potassium and magnesium ions were rapidly released into the medium. On further incubation the released phosphate was re-absorbed. In the presence of fermentable sugar, n-butanol markedly increased release of phosphate and calcium ions inhibited the leakage, but these reagents had little effect when yeast was suspended in water. Yeast cells grown on a medium deficient in inositol or biotin and inositol, when subsequently exposed to fermentable sugar, released more phosphate than did cells grown on a sufficient medium. Leakage was dependent upon sugar uptake and fermentation; leakage was not inhibited by sodium azide or by 2,4, dinitrophenol, but was inhibited by fluoride, iodo-acetate or uranyl ions. From these results it was concluded that the leakage of inorganic ions was dependent on an increase in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane during sugar utilization.     

微波辐射对甘蔗氧化酶活性抑制作用的研究

采用微波辐射方法抑制或破坏甘蔗中氧化酶的活性。通过检测甘蔗在微波处理前后的氧化酶活性变化情况 ,证实中等强度或中高强度微波处理 4min ,或高强度微波处理 2min ,即可取得抑制甘蔗中多酚氧化酶的最佳效果 ,从而降低蔗糖汁的色值     

不同成熟度对河南烤烟上部叶品质的影响

研究了不同成熟度对河南烤烟上部叶品质的影响,结果表明:随着成熟度的提高,上部烟叶的组织结构变疏松、身份适中、色度变强;总糖、还原糖和钾含量增加,蛋白质和淀粉含量减少,两糖比(还原糖/总糖)随成熟度的提高先增加,达最大值后又有所减少;香气质和香气量增加,杂气减少,余味变好。     

Chitosan from Syncephalastrum racemosum Using Sugar Cane Substrates as Inexpensive Carbon Sources

A strain of Syncephalastrum racemosum isolated from herbivores feces was studied for chitosan production using sugar cane substrates, such as juice or molasses, from Northeast Brazil. S. racemosus was batch grown in shake flasks over 5 days using sugar cane juice or molasses as carbon source. The effect of supplementary nitrogen source was studied by supplying medium with yeast extract or ammonium sulphate. The highest yield of the biopolymer (30 mg chitosan. g^-1 sucrose) was obtained using sugar cane juice (21 g sucrose. L^-1) plus 0.3% yeast extract. Batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor using the same medium, increased the yield to 50 mg chitosan. g^-1 sucrose. Chitosan extracted from S. racemosus cultured in sugar cane juice medium showed a low degree of acetylation with a high D-glucosamine content.     

甘蔗渣香菇保健饮料的研制

以甘蔗渣为主要原料制成培养基,接种香菇菌种经充分培养,再粉碎、加水、加酶酶解、过滤可制成具保健功能的饮料。     

北虫草发酵过程中营养成分及代谢物变化研究

研究了北虫草摇瓶发酵过程中培养基营养成分及其代谢物质变化情况,测定了培养基的pH、总糖、还原糖和可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸等成分含量,探明了北虫草菌体生长、多糖及虫草素生成规律。结果显示:随发酵时间的延长,发酵液的pH、可溶性固形物、总糖和还原糖含量均总体呈下降趋势;游离氨基酸含量呈先变化迟缓而后上升趋势;北虫草菌丝体及虫草素产量随时间延长先增加后下降;粗多糖含量总体略呈下降趋势。     

培养条件对糖蜜发酵废水中螺旋藻的生长和废水处理效果的影响

探讨糖厂酒精车间发酵废液（ＣＯＤ〉４０００ｍｇ／ｌ）的一种生物处理方法。经石灰絮凝，Ｚ氏培养基系列稀释的４００ｍｌ糖蜜发酵酒精废水，在一定的光强下通气培养螺旋藻，约两周后可获得最高生物量达１ｇ干重／ｌ，叶绿素达３．５６ｍｇ／ｌ，同时糖分去除率达８１％，ＣＯＤ去除率达７４．３％。实验表明，螺旋藻在５０％稀释度废水中的生理活性与１００％Ｚ氏培养基中的十分接近。     

Effect of ammonium concentration on alcoholic fermentation kinetics by wine yeasts for high sugar content

Kinetics of alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains in a synthetic medium with high sugar content were established for different nitrogen initial content and are presented for four strains. The composition of the medium was close to grape must except that the nitrogen source consisted mainly in ammonium and was varied from 120 to 290 mg N/l assimilable nitrogen. The overall nitrogen consumed was also estimated in order to determine nitrogen requirement variability. The effect of assimilable nitrogen was in general greater on sugar consumption rates than on growth and three kinds of effect on sugar consumption rates were observed: (i) existence of an optimal initial nitrogen level for a maximal sugar consumption rate (inhibition if excess), (ii) no effect of nitrogen beyond the intermediary level (saturation), (iii) sugar consumption rate proportional to the initial nitrogen level (activation). In all cases, the amount of consumed nitrogen increased with its initial concentration and so did the fructophilic capacity of the strains. The optimal requirement varied from 0.62 to 0.91 mg N/g of sugars according to different strains. There was no general correlation between the sugar assimilation rates and the nitrogen requirement.     

Chitosan from Syncephalastrum racemosum Using Sugar Cane Substrates as Inexpensive Carbon Sources

A strain of Syncephalastrum racemosum isolated from herbivores feces was studied for chitosan production using sugar cane substrates, such as juice or molasses, from Northeast Brazil. S. racemosus was batch grown in shake flasks over 5 days using sugar cane juice or molasses as carbon source. The effect of supplementary nitrogen source was studied by supplying medium with yeast extract or ammonium sulphate. The highest yield of the biopolymer (30 mg chitosan. g^?1 sucrose) was obtained using sugar cane juice (21 g sucrose. L^?1) plus 0.3% yeast extract. Batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor using the same medium, increased the yield to 50 mg chitosan. g^?1 sucrose. Chitosan extracted from S. racemosus cultured in sugar cane juice medium showed a low degree of acetylation with a high D-glucosamine content.