含裂纹悬臂梁的振动与疲劳耦合分析

基于Paris方程和同步分析方法考虑振动与疲劳裂纹扩展耦合之影响,提出一种含裂纹梁的振动疲劳寿命分析思路.振动分析过程中,利用线性弹簧等效裂纹段,复弹性模量引入阻尼损耗因子,得到考虑裂纹扩展、激励频率和阻尼等因素影响的动应力响应.结果表明:裂纹扩展、激励频率和阻尼等因素对疲劳寿命具有重要的影响.通过振动分析与疲劳裂纹扩展寿命估算同步进行,可进一步提高疲劳寿命估算精度.     

转子系统振动的频率可靠性灵敏度分析

摘要：根据转子系统的固有频率与激振频率差的绝对值不超过规定值的关系准则,定义转子系统共振问题的可靠性模式和系统的可靠度,提出避免转子共振的频率可靠性分析方法,应用随机摄动技术、可靠性理论和灵敏度技术,对转子系统共振问题的可靠性灵敏度分析方法进行了研究,并通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

不同频率激励下LY12铝合金悬臂梁的疲劳特性

为了研究激励频率对悬臂梁结构疲劳特性的影响,本文针对LY12铝合金悬臂梁在不同频率(139Hz、141Hz、143Hz)激励下进行了同一应力水平的振动疲劳试验。结果表明:该结构的疲劳特性在不同频率激励下存在差异。在激励频率高于固有频率振动时,结构疲劳寿命最长;激励频率低于固有频率振动时,结构疲劳寿命较短;在固有频率振动时,结构疲劳寿命最短。     

超声疲劳试验中载荷频率对材料疲劳性能的影响

用超声高频疲劳试验方法获得的40Cr钢和50车轴钢的疲劳性能大于常规低频疲劳试验结果,表明超声加载频率对疲劳性能存在影响,这种影响可归因于应变速率的影响.采用一个超声加载频率修正系数对超声疲劳性能试验中载荷频率对疲劳性能的影响进行修正.超声加载频率修正系数近似等于常规低频疲劳条件下的疲劳强度系数与超声高频疲劳条件下的疲劳强度系数的比值,该修正系数也可通过不同应变速率下材料的断裂强度的比值来近似地确定.     

纵振激励频率对圆盘弯曲振动特性的影响

利用有限元方法,计算并分析了具有一定大小的激励面积、频率不同的纵向夹心式换能器激励圆盘中心时,产生一阶弯曲振动的规律.结果表明:随着激励源频率的逐渐提高,圆盘弯曲振动的基频在不断增大,节圆半径也在增大,圆盘圆心处的位移振幅先增大后减小.实验测试与有限元计算结果基本吻合.该研究为此类复合纵弯振动系统的设计和实际应用提供了一定的参考.     

切削液扰动对BTA深孔加工系统横向振动频率的影响

为探究切削液扰动下BTA深孔镗削系统横向振动频率的影响,通过建立BTA深孔镗杆系统计及内、外切削液流固耦合及其自由液面效应的横向振动模型,解析系统不同情况下的横向振动的一、二阶频率表达式,并以不同情况下,深孔镗杆内、外切削液的横截面面积及其对深孔镗杆的附加质量来表征对应的自由液面变化,通过计算,明确了BTA深孔镗杆的横向振动频率对切削液流速、轴向力的敏感性及其运动转换趋势。BTA深孔镗杆横向振动频率对轴向力的敏感性规律为:在共振脊区域,在内、外切削液都无自由液面时最大;内、外切削液都有自由液面时最小;在共振翅区域,只内切削液有自由液面时最大,内、外切削液都无自由液面时最小。BTA深孔镗杆横向振动频率对切削液流速的敏感性规律为:在共振脊区域,只内切削液有自由液面时最大,内、外切削液都无自由液面时最小;在共振翅区域,内、外切削液都无自由液面时最大,只内切削液有自由液面时最小。系统在切削液流速、轴向力达到临界等效值时,发生弯曲或屈曲;在静力失稳后,系统将会在更高的切削液流速值以混阶模态形式发生耦合颤振等复杂运动。该研究结果可为BTA深孔镗削加工的生产实践提供一定理论指导。     

载荷频率对金属及其合金高周疲劳特性的影响

采用超声高频加载方法进行高周疲劳试验时,应考察载荷频率对材料疲劳特性的影响。本文从微观组织结构和外部环境两方面论述了疲劳特性的频率效应,从裂纹扩展率、断口分析等方面回顾和介绍了频率对合金钢、钛合金、铝合金三类常用金属疲劳特性的影响,比较了三者异同。最后展望了高周和超高周疲劳研究的方向和方法及其在工程中的应用。     

移动质量作用下轴向运动悬臂梁振动特性分析

将弹炮发射系统简化为移动质量作用下的轴向运动悬臂梁系统,推导了轴向运动梁的振动方程,采用修正的Galerkin法离散求解该偏微分方程,得到以模态坐标表示的二阶时变常微分方程组,通过Newmark-β法对方程组进行了求解。计算结果表明,移动质量载荷主要使梁的一阶模态受到激励,移动质量的大小和运动速度对悬臂梁的振动响应影响较大,在移动质量作用下梁的伸缩运动都处于不稳定状态;在移动质量脱离悬臂梁后,梁的轴向收缩运动使得梁的瞬时振动频率不断减小,振动位移逐渐衰减,而振动速度逐渐增大,梁的运动处于不稳定状态,伸展时梁的自由振动规律相反。     

建筑物对爆破振动中不同频率能量成分的响应特征

爆破地震对建筑物的影响实质上是一种能量的传递与转化过程,这种传递与转化的过程受到建筑物动力特性的影响。利用结构动力学理论,结合典型工程实例,研究了建筑物对爆破地震中不同频率能量成分的响应特征,结果表明:建(构)筑物对于爆破振动中的不同频率能量成分存在明显的选择放大效应。在爆破地震中,与结构固有频率相一致的能量成分将被最大程度的放大。在制定爆破振动安全判据时,要将爆破地震自身特征和建筑物动力特性更好的结合起来,重视爆破振动中与建筑物固有频率相对应的能量大小。     

薄煤层采煤机振动特性研究

为研究复杂煤层赋存条件下薄煤层采煤机的振动特性,根据多体拓扑结构建立采煤机刚柔耦合模型,通过仿真得到采煤机在截割含夹矸韧性煤工况下前后滚筒受到冲击载荷作用时的动态特性。基于子结构模态综合方式(CMS)的振动疲劳分析方法,进行危险点动应力与模态振动的相关性分析,发现牵引部壳体在实际工作过程中产生具有3阶垂向弯曲模态特征的弹性振动;以不同测试点加速度频域响应为依据,分析采煤机振动对其电控系统以及液压系统的影响,判断测试点加速度与模态振动的相关性,同时确定出牵引部柔性壳体的高动应力区域及其结构疲劳性质。分析结果为薄煤层采煤机的优化设计、后续测试、安全性评价提供了重要的参考。     

疲劳振动效应对瓦楞纸板承载能力与缓冲性能的影响

瓦楞纸板作为产品运输包装的承载与缓冲基础材料,其使用过程中的性能保持性至关重要。运输振动将引起纸板疲劳破损,导致其相应性能的变化。对单瓦楞纸板进行加速度为0.5－2.0g、振动频率为20Hz的疲劳振动试验;进行瓦楞纸板的准静态压缩、跌落冲击试验,测定其承载能力与冲击加速度。结果表明,随着振动次数、振动强度的增加,纸板的承载能力、剩余屈服应力显著降低,缓冲性能下降。在此基础上,基于瓦楞纸板冲击试验数据,分析不同振动次数对瓦楞纸板的冲击最大加速度和缓冲系数的影响,获得了瓦楞纸板冲击最大加速度—静应力—振动次数、缓冲系数—最大应力—振动次数三维关系。研究表明瓦楞纸板存在疲劳破坏效应,研究结果为瓦楞纸板的疲劳缓冲包装设计提供技术依据     

考虑结构裂纹扩展的振动疲劳寿命计算方法

工程实践中任何结构都存在不同程度的裂纹损伤,振动激励下动响应与疲劳裂纹扩展之间互相耦合,直接影响结构振动疲劳寿命.为了考虑结构振动疲劳耦合效应对疲劳寿命的影响,提出了一种考虑结构裂纹扩展的振动疲劳寿命计算方法.分析时,通过建立若干个含不同长度裂纹的结构有限元模型模拟结构裂纹扩展,采用Paris方程分段计算结构振动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,通过试验确定的固有频率降变化规律反推结构裂纹萌生寿命,最后累计得到结构疲劳总寿命.结论表明,仿真计算结果与试验结果比较吻合.     

Modelling of load interaction and overload effect on fatigue damage of steel bridges

This paper studies the effects of load sequence and interaction, and overloading effect on the fatigue damage of bridges on the basis of a non-linear fatigue damage model. The model is derived from the theory of continuum damage mechanics for high-cycle fatigue. Fatigue behaviour at two levels of constant stress range is first discussed in detail. The formulation for the effective fatigue strength of the predamaged members is then derived, and the results predicted by the model are compared with the experimental data for two stress level tests and other results obtained from linear and double linear fatigue damage models. The variation of cycle ratio and fatigue life due to overloading is secondly investigated; the equations for evaluating the effect of overloading on fatigue damage accumulation on bridges at normal traffic loading are then derived. It has been demonstrated that the developed model can well describe the effect of load sequence and interaction and has also been verified by comparing the predicted results obtained by the model with the experimental data based on two levels of stress tests. The effect of accidental overloading on the fatigue damage of existing bridges can also be evaluated using the model. The model is applied to evaluate the fatigue damage and service life of the Tsing Ma Bridge, an essential portion of the transport network for the Hong Kong airport, under normal traffic loading and possible accidental overloading.     

体外预应力连续梁振动特征的分析与研究

Ayaho Miyamoto推导双折线体外预应力简支梁固有频率、熊学玉等对其给出的公式进行修正和扩充,但其公式仅适用于简支梁。本文以两跨单（双）折线体外预应力梁为例,采用整体分析和拉普拉斯变换方法,研究了体外预应力连续梁的横向振动,推导出了频率方程和振型函数的解析表达式,推导过程适用于各种跨度的连续梁固有频率的计算。实测结果与公式计算误差为-2.8%,吻合较好,有利于指导实际工程     

Effect of test frequency on fatigue strength of low carbon steel

Ultrasonic fatigue tests (test frequency: 20 kHz) and conventional tension–compression fatigue tests (10 Hz) have been conducted on annealed and 10% pre-strained specimens of 0.13% carbon steel. Small holes were introduced on the specimen surface to investigate the effect of test frequency on small crack growth. The dynamic stress concentration factor and the stress intensity factor under ultrasonic fatigue tests were checked to be almost the same as those of conventional tension–compression fatigue tests. However, the fatigue properties were dependent on the test frequency. Ultrasonic fatigue tests showed longer fatigue life and lower fatigue crack growth rate for the annealed and 10% pre-strained specimens. Slip bands were scarce in the neighbourhood of cracks under ultrasonic fatigue tests, while many slip bands were observed in a wide area around the crack under conventional fatigue tests. In order to explain the effect of test frequency on fatigue strength, dynamic compression tests with Split Hopkinson bars were carried out. The stress level increases substantially with the strain rate. Thus, the increase in fatigue strength might be, to a large extent, due to a reduction in crack tip cyclic plasticity during ultrasonic fatigue tests.     

Vibrodiagnostic parameters of fatigue damage in rectangular plates. Part 3. Through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical cracks

The paper addresses the analytical determination of vibrodiagnostic parameters that describe the presence of normal-rupture flat through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical central cracks in a rectangular homogeneous plate of constant thickness for various plate fixing conditions and vibration modes. It is shown that the most sensitive vibrodiagnostic damage parameter of a plate is the variation of the logarithmic decrement in the case of a through-the thickness crack and the second-harmonic ratio of the vibration process in superharmonic resonance in the case of a surface crack. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 27–47, September–October, 2006.     

An examination of load shedding during fatigue fracture

The existence of fatigue markings across the entire fracture surface of certain failed components implies that load shedding had occurred during the course of the fracture process. In order to examine the role of load shedding, a sample containing three parallel load paths with the central path being cracked was tested in fatigue using fixed grips. Loads in the three load paths, measured with strain gauges, were observed to be in good agreement with values predicted by theoretical analysis, based upon compliance calculations. Measured fatigue crack propagation rates also agreed well with those predicted from theoretical calculations.     

Life estimation model of a cantilevered beam subjected to complex random vibration

An analytic methodology was developed to predict the fatigue life of a structure experiencing stationary, Gaussian random vibration excitation. This method allows the estimation of fatigue life using a frequency domain method, where only the input power spectral density and damping factor are required. The methodology uses linear elastic fracture mechanics for fatigue crack propagation and accounts for the frequency shifting that occurs due to fatigue crack evolution. Good results have been obtained comparing the analytic model to both finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results, for mild‐steel cantilever beams.