空中爆炸载荷作用下铝合金圆板的反直观响应研究

采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对空中TNT炸药起爆后,在爆炸冲击波作用下铝合金圆板的动力响应进行了数值分析。研究中分别考虑了TNT质量、圆板尺寸、约束形式等因素对反直观行为的影响,得到了产生反直观动力响应的不稳定区域。分析结果表明:爆炸载荷作用下,炸药只有在一定的比距离范围内,圆板才能产生反直观响应;圆板在向载荷反向运动过程中的再次塑性耗散将使板没有足够的能量再次跳回到正方向,从而发生反直观响应;圆板厚度的增加将使其更难产生反直观动力响应;固支圆板与简支圆板在发生反直观响应时虽然变形模态有区别,但对于反直观行为发生时炸药所处的位置影响不大。     

球面扁壳在径向脉冲荷载作用下的弹塑性动力响应研究

球面扁壳在径向朝外脉冲荷载作用下,可能发生反直观行为;在径向朝内荷载作用下,则可能发生动力屈曲.通过大量的数值分析发现,两种动力响应除各自拥有自己的响应规律外,还拥有许多共同的特点.研究结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,当荷载为径向朝内并达到一定值时该结构发生动力屈曲,当荷载为径向朝外并达到一定值域时,该结构发生反直观行为;反直观行为和动力屈曲的位移时程曲线均具有突变现象;反直观行为的最终变形模态和荷载方向相反,动力屈曲的最终变形模态与荷载方向相同;扁壳在冲击荷载作用下,发生反直观行为和动力屈曲时,对荷载的微小扰动都极其敏感;发生反直观行为和动力屈曲时的主要内力是薄膜力;反直观行为发生机理与动力屈曲机理基本类同.     

一种球面网壳动力失效的联合预测方法

以地震作用下精细化有限元分析的单层球面网壳的动力失稳破坏模式为基础、结合细胞自动机(CA)方法,发展了一套单层网壳动力失稳破坏模式和失效荷载的联合预测方法。首先,对基础单层球面网壳进行了简谐荷载作用下全荷载域动力时程有限元分析(FEA),并时时提取各级动荷载幅值下所有节点的位移值及单元的应变能密度。之后,用建立的联合方法预测了其它同类网壳的动力失稳破坏模式及失效荷载,并与相应FEA计算结果进行了分析比较。结果表明,所提出的联合方法,在一定程度上能基于一个单层球面网壳的动力失稳破坏模式和失效荷载预测其它不同跨度、不同矢跨比、不同杆件截面尺寸的单层球面网壳的动力失稳破坏模式及失效荷载。因此,结合FEA数值模拟,实现了CA方法在单层球面网壳动力失稳破坏模式和失效荷载预测中的应用。     

冲击荷载作用下单层网壳结构动力稳定性研究

针对冲击荷载不同于地震作用,而常规动力稳定性判定准则不适用问题,阐述求解冲击问题的基本理论及冲击荷载取值;据冲击荷载特性提出适合冲击碰撞问题的单层网壳结构动力稳定性判定准则;选K6型单层网壳结构模型,利用非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行结构冲击作用下动力稳定性分析,通过大量算例,分析其在不同冲击物质量比及速度作用下全过程动力响应,结合动力响应模式获得冲击荷载作用下单层网壳动力失稳的临界能量区域,并从矢跨比、跨度、杆件截面三方面对结构进行参数分析。结果表明,基于网壳动力响应模式与冲击能量相结合方法对单层网壳进行动力稳定性判定合理;结构刚度越小,冲击作用下动力稳定性越差;加大主肋利于提高结构动力稳定性。     

大型煤仓球壳的风致干扰效应研究

针对两座连续排列的大型煤仓球壳的风致干扰效应进行了风洞试验研究,并基于Reynolds时均N-S方程和RSM模型对其进行了CFD数值模拟。将数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比分析,两者吻合较好,在此基础上探讨了煤仓球壳之间的风致静力及动力干扰效应,结果表明:静力干扰效应主要表现为阻碍效应,其结果是降低了来流动能,提高了来流湍流度;动力干扰主要表现在增大效应,当受扰建筑处于施扰建筑的下游时,动力干扰效应较大。     

基于LS-DYNA的大空间柱壳结构爆炸波压力场分析

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA,在验证模型及参数选取正确及可靠的基础上,建立了大空间柱壳结构在爆炸作用下的冲击波压力场计算模型。引入本征正交分解（POD）法,解决了冲击波荷载的时空差异性和结构表面压力场分布问题,大大减少了大空间结构爆炸动力响应分析的计算量。对大空间柱壳结构在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的压力场进行了数值模拟计算与分析,研究了跨度和矢跨比等因素对结构压力场分布的影响。结果表明,计算模型适用于大空间柱壳结构在爆炸作用下的动力响应计算。     

积雪漂移对空间结构动力稳定性的影响

以一单层柱面网壳为例,以Budiansky-Roth准则为动力失稳判别准则,研究积雪漂移对风雪耦合作用下空间结构动力稳定性的影响。由风洞试验获得结构表面的风荷载时程,通过数值方法模拟风力下积雪在结构表面的漂移。结果表明,风力下网壳顶部的积雪发生侵蚀而迎风与背风面的积雪发生沉积,沉积区和侵蚀区之间形成与风向角一致的分界线。所有风向角下积雪漂移均使单层柱面网壳的动力稳定性降低。风吹雪时间越长,结构的动力稳定性越差,但影响程度随时间逐渐降低。随着初始积雪厚度的增加,结构的动力稳定性降低。     

小比例柱面网壳振动台试验及动力响应概率模型

针对单层网壳实验费用高、周期长及地震变异性大等问题,开展了一小比例单层柱网壳振动台试验模型试验,并基于该模型试验统计了考虑地震动变异性时单层柱面网壳的动力响应概率模型。参考孔洞胶接节点装配式单层球面网壳模型制作方法制作了一小比例单层柱面网壳模型;在此基础上,分别选用TAFT波、人工地震波和简谐波对该单层柱面网壳模型开展一系列振动台试验研究,包括弹性阶段的动力特性测试和弹塑性状态下的动力倒塌测试;立足于现场实测数据,基于通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建模、并开展相应数值仿真分析,总结分析单层柱面网壳模型动力特性与破坏特征;基于40组动力实测数据研究地震变异性对单层柱面网壳动力特性的影响,并初步拟合出地震动变异性与该结构动力响应的概率模型。该研究对开展系列单层网壳振动台试验定性研究及空间网壳结构抗震规范的修订提供参考。     

近爆作用下钢筋混凝土板动态破坏的数值模拟研究

当爆炸在结构构件表面发生时,产生的冲击波将会对结构构件造成损伤和破坏,而准确预测潜在的爆炸对结构构件造成的损伤是进行重要建筑物和防护结构抗爆设计的基础。为研究近爆作用下钢筋混凝土板的抗爆性能,采用AUTODYN软件建立了混凝土和钢筋的三维分离式实体模型,数值模型考虑了应变率对钢筋和混凝土材料动力本构特性的影响以及炸药-空气-结构之间的流固耦合相互作用,分析了不同炸药量作用下钢筋混凝土板的损伤机理和破坏特征,合理展现了钢筋混凝土板从混凝土开裂、碎片形成、部分钢筋屈服断裂到板局部震塌的动态演变过程。随着炸药量的增大,钢筋混凝土板的破坏模式逐渐由整体弯曲破坏转变为局部的冲切破坏     

外接触爆炸荷载作用下大口径钢管变形与破坏效应的数值模拟

摘 要：基于动力有限元程序LS-DYNA及Lagrangian-Eulerian耦合方法,对大口径钢管在凝聚态炸药外接触爆炸载荷作用下的非线性动态响应过程进行数值模拟,描述了管道的变形情况、破坏过程以及管道内部应力的发展过程,分析了炸药质量、管道壁厚等因素对钢管破坏效应的影响。并在相同的条件下进行了实验研究,计算结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性。研究表明,小质量炸药爆炸后在装药与钢管接触处产生凹坑、鼓包及层裂等破坏效应;而较大质量炸药爆炸后在其爆破部位发生剪切破坏产生类似弹丸的破片,破片具有较大的动能,能够击穿另一侧管壁。研究结果可应用于管道结构在接触爆炸作用下的毁伤或防护方面的预测,从而为管道的安全防护设计提供理论依据。     

功能梯度材料薄球壳热屈曲问题

研究了由金属和陶瓷组成的功能梯度材料薄球壳热屈曲问题。用张量方法推导得到轴对称球壳稳定性方程。将热本构方程应用到球壳稳定性方程中,得到以位移表示的球壳热屈曲方程组。分别考虑均布外压和温度作用,采用伽辽金法计算分析简支球壳的热屈曲问题,给出薄球壳厚度、物性参数变化、内外表面温差变化引起的临界温度变化趋势和临界压力变化趋势。     

Schwedler网壳结构强震作用下的动力强度破坏研究

对Schwedler单层球面网壳结构进行了强震作用下的动力全过程分析,研究了结构的失效机理。对40m跨的Schwedler理想网壳结构和考虑初始缺陷的网壳结构进行了全过程动力时程分析,考查了此类型网壳结构的动力性能和破坏形式,采用一致缺陷模态法处理初始缺陷,分析了初始缺陷对Schwedler网壳结构动力性能的影响;对具有初始缺陷的网壳结构进行了参数影响分析,分别考查了地震作用、杆件截面和屋面荷载三种因素对结构动力性能的影响;将研究结果与其它球面网壳结构进行了比较,验证了文献[6]提出的理论框架的合理性和实用性。     

Dynamics of a thick-walled dielectric elastomer spherical shell

The nonlinear vibration response of a thick-walled spherical shell subjected to the mechanical pressure and electric field is studied in this paper. When subject to an electric field through the thickness of the spherical shell, the material expands in plane and contracts in thickness. The dielectric elastomer is assumed to be isotropic and neo-Hookean. Based on simple geometrical and spherical capacitor assumptions, we deduce an explicit analytical equation of motion of the dielectric elastomer spherical shell. The dynamic behaviors of the spherical shell under a constant electric loading and periodic electric loading are analyzed. In addition, the critical voltage is calculated in terms of various loading.     

Failure analysis of plastic spherical shells impacted by a projectile

The main objective of the current work is to present an adequate model for the large deformation of a plastic spherical shell impacted by a projectile. On the basis of experiments, the deformation mode of a spherical shell was developed by introducing an isometric transformation of surface bending and the Perzyna–Symonds viscoplastic constitutive equations. By adopting a numerical method, the deformation of a spherical shell under local impact was investigated and the deformation mode was obtained. Finally, a comparison made between theoretical predictions, numerical results and experimental values indicated that the three groups of results were in better conformity with each other.     

32面足球式球形容器的整体液压成形过程非线性有限元模拟

球形容器整体胀形制造技术是一项新的造球工艺。而32面足球式球形容器则是最早应用这种工艺开发出的一种球形容器。本文应用非线性有限元程序对这种球壳的整体液压成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了壳体外形与位移的变化过程和胀后的弹复变形规律,并与实验结果进行了对比。有限元模拟中采用了全量Lagrange理论的四边形八节点三维Kirchhoff薄壳等参单元,考虑了棱边交汇点的位移和板面的弯曲效应影响。有限元方法较好地模拟了壳体的液压胀球过程,与实验结果吻合较好。     

刚塑性扁球壳受弹体冲击时动力学响应的近似解

研究扁球壳在弹体局部冲击载荷作用下的响应问题.首先,在球壳材料为刚塑性模型的假设下,基于现有球壳理论的研究基础,对球壳的变形能模型进行改进,仅考虑凹陷区域变形能和棱区膜变形能,根据能量守恒原理,得到了球壳在冲击载荷下的理论结果;其次,在棱区的宽度和凹陷区半径之间引入近似关系式l≈0.05a,以此为基础给出了刚塑性球壳在低速弹体冲击下的显式近似理论解;进一步,将近似解与实验的各种情况进行对比,误差均小于10%;最后,采用LS-DYNA 有限元软件进行数值模拟,也取得了与近似解一致的结果.     

Coupled axisymmetric vibration of nonlocal fluid-filled closed spherical membrane shell

In this paper, the axisymmetric vibration of a fluid-filled spherical membrane shell is studied based on nonlocal elasticity theory. The membrane shell is considered elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The shell model is reformulated using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen. The membrane shell is completely filled with an inviscid fluid. The motion of the fluid is governed by the wave equation. Nonlocal governing equations of motion for the fluid-filled spherical membrane shell are derived. Along the contact surface between the membrane and the fluid, the compatibility requirement is applied and Legendre polynomials, associated Legendre polynomials and spherical Bessel functions are used to obtain the natural frequencies of the fluid-filled spherical membrane shells. The frequencies for both empty and fluid-filled spherical membrane shell are evaluated, and their comparisons are performed to confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed method. An excellent agreement is found between the present and previous ones available in the literature. The variations of the natural frequencies with the small-scale parameter, density ratio, wave speed ratio and Poisson’s ratio are also examined. It is observed that the frequencies are affected when the size effect is taken into consideration.     

Generalized theory of resonance excitation by sound scattering from an elastic spherical shell in a nonviscous fluid

This work presents the general theory of resonance scattering (GTRS) by an elastic spherical shell immersed in a nonviscous fluid and placed arbitrarily in an acoustic beam. The GTRS formulation is valid for a spherical shell of any size and material regardless of its location relative to the incident beam. It is shown here that the scattering coefficients derived for a spherical shell immersed in water and placed in an arbitrary beam equal those obtained for plane wave incidence. Numerical examples for an elastic shell placed in the field of acoustical Bessel beams of different types, namely, a zero-order Bessel beam and first-order Bessel vortex and trigonometric (nonvortex) beams are provided. The scattered pressure is expressed using a generalized partial-wave series expansion involving the beam-shape coefficients (BSCs), the scattering coefficients of the spherical shell, and the half-cone angle of the beam. The BSCs are evaluated using the numerical discrete spherical harmonics transform (DSHT). The far-field acoustic resonance scattering directivity diagrams are calculated for an albuminoidal shell immersed in water and filled with perfluoropropane gas, by subtracting an appropriate background from the total far-field form function. The properties related to the arbitrary scattering are analyzed and discussed. The results are of particular importance in acoustical scattering applications involving imaging and beam-forming for transducer design. Moreover, the GTRS method can be applied to investigate the scattering of any beam of arbitrary shape that satisfies the source-free Helmholtz equation, and the method can be readily adapted to viscoelastic spherical shells or spheres.     

CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell nanocrystals: core morphology and luminescent property

CdSe cores with rod (an aspect ratio of 1.8, d-5 nm) and spherical (an aspect ratio of 1, d-5 nm) morphologies were fabricated by two kinds of organic approaches through adjusting growth processes. Because of large difference of size and morphology, two kinds of cores revealed different absorption spectra. However, these cores exhibited almost same photoluminescence (PL) spectra with a red-emitting PL peak of around 625 nm. This is ascribed that they have a similar size in diameter. A graded Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell of larger band gap was grown around CdSe rods and spheres using oleic acid as a capping agent. Based on the growth kinetics of CdS and ZnS, interfacial segregation was created to preferentially deposit CdS near the core, providing relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface. For spherical CdSe cores, the homogeneous deposition of the Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell created spherical core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) with a size of 7.1 nm in diameter. In the case of using CdSe cores with rod morphology, the anisotropic aggregation behaviors of CdS monomers on CdSe rods led to the size (approximately 10 nm in diameter) of spherical CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell NCs with a small difference to the length of the CdSe rod (approximately 8.9 nm). The resulting spherical core/shell NCs created by the rod and spherical cores exhibited almost same PL peak wavelength (652 and 653 nm for using rod and spherical cores, respectively), high PL efficiency up to 50%, and narrow PL spectra (36 and 28 nm of full with at half maximum of PL spectra for the core/shell NCs with CdSe spheres and rods, respectively). These core/shell NCs provide an opportunity for the study of the evolution of PL properties as the shape of semiconductor NCs.     

不同参数影响下球面网壳表面风压系数分布规律研究

大跨度球面网壳在其风工程分析中包含了风的分离、再附着等最复杂部分,曲面表面风压系数的分布变得异常复杂。针对风压系数分布问题利用FLUENT 和计算流体力学(CFD)技术,在选用SST k-w 湍流物理模型的基础上,改变球面网壳矢跨比、球面网壳高度、风速、风向攻角及球面网壳半径等不同参数,计算分析了球面网壳表面风压系数的变化规律。为快速准确的得出网壳表面风压系数,提出了风压系数分布的二维几何平面拟合方法并得出拟合公式。最后将公式应用到已有的风洞实验结果,得到其风压分布趋势和实验结果基本相符。