等离子喷涂纳米Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层的组织结构与抗冲蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂方法分别制备了常规和纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层,用扫描电子显微镜分析了涂层的显微结构,并对涂层进行了抗冲蚀试验。结果表明:常规陶瓷涂层具有典型的片层状结构,但纳米陶瓷涂层片层状结构并不十分明显,且涂层裂纹数量明显减少;纳米陶瓷涂层中的显微结构的变化改善了涂层的韧性和结合性能;在冲蚀过程中,常规陶瓷涂层表面剥落严重,而纳米陶瓷涂层的冲蚀质量损失较小,抗冲蚀性能比常规陶瓷涂层提高了30%左右。     

Dissociation of perfluorinated ethers on Al2O3 thin films

We have observed dissociation of several small fluorinated ethers on an Al₂O₃ surface. The ethers studied were perfluoro-1,3-dioxolane (-CF₂OCF₂OCF₂-), perfluorodiethylether (CF₃CF₂OCF₂CF₃), perfluorodimethylether (CF₃OCF₃), tetrafluorodimethylether ((CF₂H)₂O), and perfluorodimethoxymethane (CF₃OCF₂OCF₃). Temperature programmed desorption determined that the fluorinated ethers bond weakly to the Al₂O₃ surface with desorption energies ranging from 8 to 10.5 kcal/mole. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that a small fraction of a monolayer of adsorbed tetrafluorodimethylether decomposed thermally during heating. Although the decomposition is enhanced by electron irradiation or X-ray irradiation it will occur to a small extent in their absence. All the fluoroethers were observed to undergo some decomposition on the Al₂O₃ surface. None of the fluoroethers decomposed on the Al(110) surface even in the presence of X-ray irradiation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tribological Behavior of PTFE Composites Filled with PEEK and Nano-Al2O3

In this study, the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nano-Al₂O₃ particles were studied using a block-on-ring wear tester. The tribological performance of the composites was affected by the experimental parameters (sliding speed, normal load, and environmental temperature) and the composites achieved a high-speed sliding friction state. The results showed that the PEEK and nano-Al₂O₃ particles significantly improved the wear resistance of the PTFE composites. In addition, the nano-Al₂O₃ particles increased the hardness of the composites and enhanced the mechanical properties to enable applications in a wider range of industrial fields. The effects of the sliding speed and normal load on the tribological properties were more significant than that of the environmental temperature. In addition, the entire wear process was divided into three stages (the initial wear stage, severe wear transition stage, and ultralow stable wear stage), according to the evolution of the tribological characteristics (wear rate, morphology of the worn surface and transfer film, and wear debris morphology).     

纳米结构Al2O3/13TiO2涂层精密磨削的材料去除机理的研究

应用扫描电镜对纳米结构Al2O3/13TiO2(n-Al2O3/13TiO2)涂层精密磨削后的表面/亚表面形貌进行观察和分析,结合对n-Al2O3/13TiO2精密磨削的单颗磨粒磨削力、磨削力分力比和比磨削能的磨削实验结果的分析,揭示了n-Al2O3/13TiO2涂层精密磨削的材料去除机理.研究表明,在大多数磨削条件下,n-Al2O3/13TiO2陶瓷涂层磨削的材料去除机理主要是以材料碎裂和材料压碎等脆性去除方式为主,同时也存在一定的材料粉末化以及极少的显微塑性变形等方式.研究结论对纳米结构陶瓷涂层的工业化应用具有重要的理论和实用价值.     

Sliding wear characteristics of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 coatings against copper alloy under severe conditions

Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and their tribological properties dry sliding against copper alloy were evaluated using a block-on-ring configuration at room temperature. It was found that the wear resistance of Al₂O₃ coating was superior to that of the Cr₂O₃ coating under the conditions used in the present study. This mainly attributed to its better thermal conductivity of Al₂O₃ coating, which was considered to effectively facilitate the dissipation of tribological heat and alleviate the reduction of hardness due to the accumulated tribological heat. As for the Al₂O₃ coating, the wear mechanism was plastic deformation along with some micro-abrasion and fatigue-induced brittle fracture, while the failure of Cr₂O₃ coating was predominantly the crack propagation-induced detachment of transferred films and splats spallation.     

NiCr-Cr_2O_3-BaF_2/CaF_2爆炸喷涂涂层干滑动摩擦磨损性能

在SRV高温摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了25℃和500℃时NiCr-Cr2O3-BaF2/CaF2爆炸喷涂复合涂层与Si3N4球配对时的干滑动摩擦磨损特性。采用FEIQUANTA-600型环境扫描电镜分析了涂层磨损表面形貌,探讨了该爆炸喷涂层的磨损机制。结果表明:500℃时在干滑动摩擦条件下,爆炸喷涂NiCr-Cr2O3-BaF2/CaF2复合涂层表面形成润滑转移膜,显示出优异的高温自润滑性能,与25℃时相比,500℃时涂层的摩擦因数降低了72.2%,磨痕宽度减少了46.6%;温度显著影响涂层的磨损机制,25℃下为黏着磨损,500℃下为严重塑性变形和轻微磨粒磨损。     

Tribochemical Reactions and Lubricating Effects of Fluorinated Methanes for Al2O3 Ceramic

It has been found that CF₃CH₂F (HFC-134a) gas is an effective lubricant for several ceramics because of the formation of fluorine-containing tribochemical products. To understand the influence of the molecular structure of fluorine-containing gases on the lubricating characteristics, the lubricating effects and tribochemical reactions of some fluorinated methanes for Al₂O₃ ceramic were studied. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) were used to identify the chemical structure of tribochemical products. It was found that the friction and wear of Al₂O₃ ceramic were dependent on the molecular structure of the reacting fluorocarbon gases. The lowest friction was obtained in CH₂F₂. CHF₃ showed the best anti-wear effect. The results of surface analyses indicate that greater amounts of tribochemical products are produced when Al₂O₃ rubs in CH₂F₂ than in CF₄ and CHF₃ gases. C–C/C–H/carbon and AlF₃, which are mainly formed on the sliding surface in CH₂F₂, are responsible for the low friction. The mechanism of tribochemical reactions of the different environmental molecules on the nascent surface of Al₂O₃ was also discussed.     

热喷涂A1_2O_3-TiO_2复合陶瓷涂层滑动磨损特性研究

本文利用环块磨损试验机在不同载荷下对热喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2复合陶瓷涂层的滑动磨损特性进行了研究,结果表明热喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2复合陶瓷涂层干摩擦和水润滑时的磨损量均随载荷的增加而增大.利用扫描电镜观察了磨损表面形貌并用能谱分析了磨损表面成分,结果表明干摩擦情况下在低载和高载时其磨损机理有所不同:低载时主要为钢轮对涂层的涂抹及陶瓷涂层的剥落,高载时主要为陶瓷涂层的断裂剥落;水润滑情况下的磨损机理与低载干摩擦时相类似,主要为涂抹及剥落.     

Tribological Behavior of Novel Ti3SiC2 (Natural Nanolaminates)-Reinforced Epoxy Composites during Dry Sliding

In this article, we report for the first time the synthesis and characterization of Ti₃SiC₂–epoxy (MAXPOL) composites. Three novel composites were designed by adding 20.7, 30.6, and 71.6 vol% Ti₃SiC₂ particulates to an epoxy matrix. The microstructure evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the Ti₃SiC₂ particles are well dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The addition of Ti₃SiC₂ enhanced the ultimate yield strength (UYS) and hardness of all of the composites compared to epoxy. Tribological studies were performed by a tab-on-disc method against Inconel 718 and alumina substrates. In both cases, the mean friction coefficient (µ_mean) decreased as the concentration of Ti₃SiC₂ in the epoxy matrix was increased. The concomitant wear rates (WRs) also decreased steadily and then increased slightly after reaching a concentration of ~32.6 vol% Ti₃SiC₂. The tribological studies proved conclusively that the addition of Ti₃SiC₂ in the epoxy matrix imparts self-lubricity to the composites. The tribofilms formed on different tribosurfaces were also characterized by detailed SEM investigations.     

Tribological Properties of Muscovite/La2O3 Composite Powders as Lubricant Additives

Muscovite/La₂O₃ composite powders were prepared by ball-milling solid-state chemical reaction at room temperature. The phase composition and micromorphology of the composite powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The tribological properties of different samples were tested and compared using four-ball wear testing on an MMW-1A multifunctional friction and wear testing machine. The SEM micrography and energy spectrum of the composite powders illustrated that La₂O₃ particles were coated on the surface of muscovite particles. The results of the friction tests indicated that lubrication oil with muscovite/La₂O₃ composite powders presents better friction reducing and antiwear properties than that of the base oil, and the friction coefficients and diameters of wear scars decreased by 47.6 and 11.2% using 500SN base oil with 0.6g/L of muscovite/La₂O₃ composite powders as additives, respectively. The composite powders with 5 wt% La₂O₃ present the best comprehensive tribological properties. The micromorphology and chemical composition of the worn surface were analyzed by SEM and EDX, which confirm that the composite powders directly participate in the complicated physicochemical process of reactions on the worn surfaces, therefore improving the tribological properties of the base oil.     

Microtribological Properties of Two-Phase Al2O3 Ceramic Studied by AFM and FFM in Air of Different Relative Humidity

Commercially available, monolithic alumina ceramic was modified using CO₂-laser irradiation by surface remelting and adding HfO₂ powder. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure of the modified ceramic consisted of a fine lamellar eutectic Al₂O₃–HfO₂ phase embedded in the Al₂O₃ matrix. Differences in the microtribological properties of the matrix and the eutectic phase could be measured by friction force microscopy (FFM) during unlubricated sliding contact with a silicon tip at room temperature as a function of relative humidity of the surrounding air and normal load. The dependence of the friction coefficient and the pull-off force on humidity was explained by the formation of lubricating tribochemical surface layers and described by theoretical models.     

铝基体喷涂Al2O3-TiO2/NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层的抗热震性能

在ZL104铝合金基体上喷涂了Al2O3-TiO2／NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层和Al2O3-TiO2非梯度涂层,对这两种试样进行了室温←→400℃冷热循环试验,以研究涂层的抗热震性能和热震失效机制。结果表明：Al2O3-45%TiO2与基体热膨胀系数的差异所产生的热应力是热震过程中涂层剥落的主要原因,涂层成分的梯度变化缓解了热应力,提高了抗热震失效能力;在热震循环过程中试样的弯曲是由基体和涂层材料膨胀系数、导热系数的差异以及铝基体的塑性变形造成的,这种变形使涂层产生残余拉应力,降低了涂层的抗热震性能。     

热处理对等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层结合强度的影响

在Q235钢基体上等离子喷涂NiCrAl粘结层和Al2O3-13%TiO2工作层,并在300～900℃对涂层进行大气、真空及氩气环境下的热处理,借助OM、SEM、XRD以及电子万能试验机等研究了加热温度、保温时间以及热处理气氛对涂层显微结构和结合强度的影响。结果表明:气氛对涂层结合强度的影响较小,保温时间的影响较大,加热温度的影响最显著;适当的热处理可以减小微裂纹尺寸,提高涂层的结合强度;经500℃保温6 h真空热处理的涂层与原始涂层相比,可以使其结合强度提高62.5%,达到31.2 MPa。     

Tribological characteristics of low-pressure plasma-sprayed A12O3 coating from room temperature to 800 °C

The tribological characteristics of low-pressure plasma-sprayed (LPPS) Al₂O₃ coating sliding against alumina ball have been investigated from room temperature to 800 °C. These friction and wear data have been compared quantitatively with those of bulk sintered alumina to obtain a better understanding of wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures. The friction and wear of Al₂O₃ coating show a strong dependence on temperature, changing from a mild to a severe wear regime with the increase of temperature. The coefficient of friction at room temperature is approximately 0.17 to 0.42, depending on applied load. The tribochemical reaction between the coating surface and water vapor in the environment and the presence of the hydroxide film on the Al₂O₃ coating reduce the friction and wear at room temperature as contrasted to those of bulk sintered alumina. At intermediate temperatures, from 400 to 600 °C, the friction and wear behavior of Al₂O₃ coating depends on the inter-granular fracture and pull-out of Al₂O₃ grains. At above 700 °C, formation and deformation of fine grain layer, and abrasive wear in the form of removal of fine alumina grains further facilitate the friction and wear process of Al₂O₃ coating.     

Tribological Properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/CuCrZr Composites

Al₂O₃ particles reinforced Cu–Cr–Zr alloy matrix composite was fabricated through a powder metallurgy plus hot extrusion process by using the water atomization Cu–Cr–Zr powder as raw material. The effect of aging treatment on the tribological behavior of the composite was investigated. Experimental results show that tiny coherent precipitated phases were formed in the matrix after proper aging treatment and therefore good combination properties could be obtained. The wear rates of the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite and its matrix alloy were obviously influenced by the aging treatment, wherein the best wear resistance was reached at the aging temperature corresponding to the highest Vickers hardness. The major reason was that the depth of plastic deformation in the subsurface region was dramatically decreased due to the improvement of mechanical properties of the matrix, and therefore adhesion induced surface materials loss could be markedly alleviated. By comparing with the SiC20 vol%/Cu composite, it is indicated that the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite exhibited much better wear resistance as well as higher electrical conductivity.     

水润滑下Al2O3 、Al2O3+13%TiO2等离子喷涂层的摩擦磨损特性

针对纯水液压元件摩擦副实际工况，研究了水润滑状态下Al2O3和Al2O3 13%TiO2等离子喷涂试环分别与整体烧结Al2O3块之间的摩擦磨损特性，考察了摩擦系数及试环磨损量随时间的变化，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了磨痕的表面形貌，利用X射线能量色散谱仪分析了磨痕表面的元素组成。研究结果表明：水润滑条件下两种摩擦副的磨损机理主要是脆性断裂、微切削与腐蚀磨损；摩擦副Al2O3环/整体烧结Al2O3块的摩擦学性能优于Al2O3 13%TiO2/Al2O3块，它们更适合作为纯水液压元件的摩擦副材料。     

Modelling particulate erosion–corrosion regime transitions for Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 MMCs in aqueous conditions

Very little research effort has been directed at development of models of erosion–corrosion of composite materials. This is because, in part, the understanding of the erosion–corrosion mechanisms of such materials is poor. In addition, although there has been a significant degree of effort in the development of models for erosion of MMCs, there are still difficulties in applying such models to the laboratory trends on erosion rate.In this paper, the methodology for mapping erosion–corrosion processes in aqueous slurries was extended to particulate composites. An inverse rule of mixtures was used for the construction of the erosion model for the particulate MMCs. The corrosion rate calculation was evaluated with reference to the matrix material.The erosion–corrosion maps for composites showed significant dependency on pH and applied potential. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the matrix material was observed to affect the regime boundaries. Materials maps were generated based on the results to show the optimum composite composition for exposure to the environment.     

镍-磷-纳米Al2O3复合镀层的摩擦学性能

用化学镀的方法制备了镍-磷-纳米Al2O3复合镀层，研究了热处理温度对镀层硬度和磨损性能的影响，并与二元镍-磷镀层以及镍-磷-Al2O3复合镀层进行了性能对比。结果表明：含有纳米Al2O3微粒的复合镀层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性，经400℃处理后的镀层耐磨性最好。     

高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层的摩擦学特性

运用高速火焰喷涂方法，选用自主研发的Fe-Al／CrsC2喷涂材料，在20钢基体上制备了复合涂层。利用XRD分析了涂层的相组成，利用SEM分析了涂层表面以及磨损表面形貌，对涂层进行了EDAX分析，并对涂层的摩擦学特性进行了研究。结果表明：高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al／Cr3C2复合涂层中主要相包括Fe3Al、Cr3C2和α-Fe相，涂层的磨损率随温度的升高而下降，具有很好的抗高温磨损性能。     

Al2O3-20%TiO2涂层与Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层磨损性能的对比研究

主要对比分析了Al2O3-20%TiO2涂层和Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层与浸树脂石墨进行干滑动摩擦时的磨损性能.实验表明:Al2O3-20%TiO2涂层与Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层的磨损率都随摩擦时间的增大呈先降低后增大的趋势;在相同实验条件下,Al2O3-20%TiO2涂层的耐磨性能要优于Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层材料,且摩擦过程中的主要磨损机理为:粘着磨损和脆性断裂.